Abstract
This paper examines a study that describes the risks and the benefits of dietary supplements. By way of the problem statement, the research questions, and the hypotheses, the research examines not only the risks and benefits of vitamins, but also the gender differences as well that are seen when it comes to who takes dietary supplements and who does not. The paper includes an extensive review of the literature.

Abstract
Chapter 1
Introduction
Purpose of the Study
Research Questions
Hypotheses
Importance of the Study
Chapter 2
Review of the Literature
Chapter 3
Theoretical Framework
Chapter 4
Methodology
Sampling
Research Method
Data Collection
Data Analysis
Works Cited

From the Paper
"The risk of having any kind of adverse event, particularly one that is considered to be serious, as the result of taking a dietary supplement at the proper dosage is very low. As can be seen later within this paper, there are very few adverse events reported each year. However, that does not mean that all dietary supplements are completely safe for everyone to take and that there is no chance that an otherwise healthy person will have an adverse reaction to a supplement that was taken at the proper dosage. The problem, therefore, becomes to determine whether dietary supplements have more benefits than risks overall and should therefore be recommended for the general population."

Tags:dietary, supplements, vitamins, prevention, women's, health

Abstract
The paper begins by addressing the risks and effectiveness of over-the-counter diet pills, including All (Xenical), Ephedra, Chromium, Ginseng, Chitosan and guar gum. The paper also looks at several FDA approved prescription diet supplements and asserts that the only benefit of both prescription and over-the-counter diet pills are that they encourage people to lose weight. The paper then discusses the benefits in taking dietary supplements, such as multiple vitamins, as per directions. The paper reaches the conclusion that diet pills, whether prescription or non-prescription, do not fulfill manufacturers' claims; simple diet and exercise can be just as effective without the risk, however, dietary supplements can assist in maintaining balanced nutrition.

Outline:
Definitions
Effects of Over-the-Counter Diet Pills
Effects of Prescription Diet Pills
Effects of Dietary Supplements
Who Takes Them?

From the Paper
"Diet Pills are any medication that help a person either lose weight or control their appetite so they don't consume as many calories. There are both prescription and over-the-counter weight loss products that may be used. Most over-the-counter medications do not work very well, unless accompanied by a healthy diet and exercise, both of which are usually the cause of the weight loss. Some prescription medications do assist in weight loss by preventing fat absorption (Tank).
"Dietary Supplement Pills or Nutritional Supplements are generally defined as supplemental vitamins and minerals taken due to the lack of proper nutrition through consumption of a balanced diet. These vitamins and minerals can come in the form of pill, liquid or powder and can also be herbal in nature. They can be taken to cure a known deficiency of a certain vitamin or mineral within the body, or generally taken on a daily basis to maintain and improve health.
"It would seem that the timing of the rise in popularity of dietary supplements accompanied the growth of the fast-food industry in the United States. As the nutrition of the Big Mac was questioned, so the population turned to supplements in an attempt to maintain some semblance of a healthy, balanced diet."

Tags:Alli, Xenical, Ephedra, weight, loss, exercise, fat

Abstract
This paper examines various dietary supplements and the trend in using them focusing on the case of Mark McGuire, the baseball player.

From the Paper
"The most famous of the non-herbal supplement is the widely used and marketed, creatine. Creatine is naturally occurring amino acid produced by the kidneys and liver that is stored in the muscle cells as creatine phosphate, and the process of creatine delays fatigue and supplies quick energy for short durations. The liver produces about two grams of creatine in a day and creatine is transported through the blood stream to muscles. The Kidneys remove excess levels of creatine, which makes those athletes who already have a high muscle creatine content at no advantage by taking more creatine (Mayo 4)."

Tags:argumentative, athletes, herbal, mark, mcgwire, non, paper, pro, research, supplements

Abstract
This paper explains that dietary supplements have grown into a major U.S. industry, one that is virtually unregulated, despite the fact that dietary supplements are supposed to have significant physical and mental effects on those who consume them. The author points out that, by the time adults begin taking supplements, most of the information they have about those supplements comes, not from what little they might have learned in school, but from companies producing and marketing those supplements, or even second-hand, via friends influenced by those same advertisements and recommend the supplements. The paper proposes a methodology that uses a self-reported survey of approximately 30 adults (25 to 65), evenly divided between men and women, to determine what supplements are taken, why, where the impetus originated, and what the respondents know or think they know about the supplements, compared to medically-based information.

Table of Contents
Introduction
Review of the Literature
Power of Advertising
Youth and Supplements
Adult Supplement Studies
Theoretical Framework
Methodology
Questions for Respondent Questionnaire
Dietary Supplement Resources

From the Paper
"Of particular interest to Sardina were two herbs, ephedra or ma huang and St. John's Wort, also known as hypericum perforatum or "herbal Prozac". The first of those was considered to pose a health risk, one that finally became known to a wide range of consumers, and it was removed from the market at some point after Sardina's investigation. ) Despite the fact that the public was ill informed, Ephedra is one of the oldest known medicinal herbs, and was primarily a bronchial decongestant. In the 1940s, Ephedrine, the active ingredient in ephedra, was used to treat asthma. However, as ephedrine expands breathing passages, it constricts blood vessels, increasing arterial blood pressure, which can lead to severe hypertension, heart attack or stroke. Nor did the public know that ephedrine has a half-life between six and ten hours. With repeated use, it was possible to build up toxic levels in the body, and taking it while consuming caffeine-containing food and drink also amplified the supplement's effect, often to a dangerous level."

Tags:resources, questionnaire, unregulated, friends, ephedra

Abstract
This paper presents a brief overview of the benefits of dietary supplementation, with a specific focus on calcium supplements. The writer takes a positive view of supplements, provided the supplementation takes into consideration the individual's biology and lifestyle needs. The author also recommends that the supplements are dispensed with clear labeling and in conjunction with a health professional.

From the Paper
"Perhaps one of the reasons there is such confusion about the issue of supplementation is the broad, sweeping claims made by popular manufactures of supplements, which promise generic cure-alls rather than sound advice. Not every woman may need iron supplements, if she eats fortified grain cereals and eats red meat. The personal and inexact science of creating an ideal diet, tailored to the individual, must be communicated on supplement labels by law. The current nutritional labels that give guidelines for generic 2,000-calorie diets for daily requirements, regardless of age, background, lifestyle, and quite often gender, are often misleading."

Tags:dietary, supplements, calcium, vitamins

Abstract
This paper investigates the dietary supplement DMAE in terms of its effects on the human body. This drug is examined in brief according to its qualities, its use, and its side effects on the human body. There is a focus on how the lack of standardized research serves to negatively impact the findings of this supplement.

Abstract
In the United States, the government and its agencies do not maintain the same regulation of herbal remedies in the same way that they ensure the safety of other foods and medicines. Furthermore, while these products were once the mainstay of only such minute groups as vegetarians and other counterculture types, they have now become widely popular among the general public as the widespread assumptions about their safety and naturalness has permeated contemporary society. The paper argues that, on the other hand, many professionals within the medical community conversely claim that the dietary supplement industry is selling modern day snake oil that has no proven safety or efficiency. In the end, both factions are correct, and in spite of the natural base of herbs and dietary supplements that can make these products appealing even when traditional medicines are not appropriate, these items are also powerful medicinal agents. The paper shows, therefore, that due to the public's lack of ability to make informed decisions surrounding these products, the Food and Drug Administration must be granted the same sovereignty over herbal remedies and vitamins that it maintains over other foods and medicines.

From the Paper
"Still, one reason that some people believe that it is not necessary for the government to become involved in this industry is indeed largely because of the mistaken belief that these agents are safe merely because they are natural. In fact, according to one 1997 poll, more than half of consumers who use natural remedies are convinced that they are equally as safe and effective as traditional treatments like aspirin ( Greenberger 1077). However, since 1994 there have been reports of at least 34 deaths and nearly 900 adverse reactions--including heart-rhythm disturbances, heart attacks and strokes associated with supplements that contain one herbal stimulant that is often taken to boost energy and to lose weight (Josefson 1440)."

Tags:dietary, stimulant, toxic, commissionar

Abstract
This paper discusses the side effects of Xenadrine, which contains ephedra. The FDA does not consider dietary supplements as drugs and therefore does no testing for harmful side effects. A study at the University of California, San Francisco, resulted in side effects, such as heart attacks, seizures, and deaths among testees while taking ephedra. In conclusion, this paper states that a healthier lifestyle is the best way to gain energy and obtain a healthier weight.

From the Paper
"Dietary supplement manufacturers are not required to show that their product is safe or that is actually works. Dietary supplements are assumed safe unless the FDA can prove they are not. In the case with xenadrine, the FDA could not find evidence that was strong enough to prohibit its sale to the public.
Xenadrine is composed of Citrus Aurantium, MaHuang (Ephedra), Guarana Extract(caffeine), White Willow Bark, Aceytl L-Camitine, L-Tyrosine, Ginger Root and Vitamin B5. The warning label reads: Do not use if you are pregnant or nursing. Do not use if you are at risk or being treated for high blood pressure, liver, thyroid or psychiatric disease, diabetes, pernicious anemia, nervousness, anxiety, depression, seizure disorder, cardiac arrhythmia's, stroke or pheochromacytoma. Discontinue if dizziness, sleeplessness, tremors, nervousness, headache, heart palpitations or tingling sensations occur."

Tags:ephedra, xenadrine, dietary, supplements, weight, loss, fda

Abstract
This paper analyzes a particular ethical marketing issue by focusing on the diet supplements that use Hoodia Gordonii as an ingredient. It further evaluates how the claims that it will help individuals lose weight. In fact, many supplements come without the very important disclosure that the success of the supplement is still dependent on adequate diet and exercise.

From the Paper
"It is argued that marketing is not just an external function in a firm but also depends primarily on internal functions and supportive organizational mechanisms (Magrath, 1995 p 60). Hence good ethical practices will bolster marketing strategies help internal processes to be more efficient. This paper will analyze a particular ethical marketing issue by focusing on the diet supplements that use Hoodia Gordonii as an ingredient and makes claims that it will and can help individuals lose weight. In fact, many supplements come without the very important disclosure that the success of the supplement is still dependent on adequate diet and exercise. More..."

Tags:ethical, marketing, hoodia

Abstract
This paper examines the use of creatine monohydrate as a dietary supplement, which dates back as far as the 1920s. The supplement was used by athletes in Europe before its recent debut in the U.S. which is aimed at athletes and body builders. Creatine monohydrate is an amino acid derivative that is formed in the liver, kidneys and pancreas from the amino acids arginine, glycine and methionine. Creatine monohydrate can also be obtained from food, particularly red meat. The musculature of the body has the ability to store more creatine than is used in a typical diet. Athletes take advantage of this ability by literally stuffing a muscle with creatine. This allows for expanded storage and the swifter conversion into adenosine triphosphate. Used over a protracted period of time, the result will be greater hypertrophy and the ability to sustain a longer and more intense workout. It is believed that creatine has a direct anabolic effect on the muscles by acting as a signal to increase protein synthesis during activity overload. This paper focuses on the controversy surrounding the use of the supplement. While supposed links between creatine and the deaths of several wrestlers have been disproved, studies have nonetheless shown that heavy loading is unnecessary and may be counterproductive, if not dangerous.

Table of Contents:
How Creatine Monohydrate Works
Why the Controversy?
Creatine and the Kidneys
The Best Way to Use Creatine
Creatine and Androstenedione
Scientific Studies of Creatine Use
Is It Good or Is It Bad?
Summary
Bibliography

From the Paper
"There is a school of though that suggest a phased method of creatine use. A high dosage is used for five days, with the ingesting of as much as 20 grams per day in four doses. The dosage is then reduced to a level just high enough to keep the muscles loaded. Research has indicated that this regimen is not as effective as it was originally thought to be. Continuing to take his doses of creatine after the muscles are saturated will result in the elimination of creating the rough the urinary tract. The increased urinary excretion places stress on the kidneys and liver. Tests have shown that in a loading phase, creatine efficacy peaks at day six and its effects begin to decrease from that time. On the other hand a steady creatine uptake without loading lasts through day 15 and positive effects can last for up to 56 days."

Tags:body, builders, athletes, drugs, anabolic, steroids, risk, death