Abstract This paper presents a brief overview of the benefits of dietarysupplementation, with a specific focus on calcium supplements. The writer takes a positive view of supplements, provided the supplementation takes into consideration the individual's biology and lifestyle needs. The author also recommends that the supplements are dispensed with clear labeling and in conjunction with a health professional.
From the Paper "Perhaps one of the reasons there is such confusion about the issue of supplementation is the broad, sweeping claims made by popular manufactures of supplements, which promise generic cure-alls rather than sound advice. Not every woman may need iron supplements, if she eats fortified grain cereals and eats red meat. The personal and inexact science of creating an ideal diet, tailored to the individual, must be communicated on supplement labels by law. The current nutritional labels that give guidelines for generic 2,000-calorie diets for daily requirements, regardless of age, background, lifestyle, and quite often gender, are often misleading."
Abstract This paper examines a study that describes the risks and the benefits of dietarysupplements. By way of the problem statement, the research questions, and the hypotheses, the research examines not only the risks and benefits of vitamins, but also the gender differences as well that are seen when it comes to who takes dietarysupplements and who does not. The paper includes an extensive review of the literature.
Abstract
Chapter 1
Introduction
Purpose of the Study
Research Questions
Hypotheses
Importance of the Study
Chapter 2
Review of the Literature
Chapter 3
Theoretical Framework
Chapter 4
Methodology
Sampling
Research Method
Data Collection
Data Analysis
Works Cited
From the Paper "The risk of having any kind of adverse event, particularly one that is considered to be serious, as the result of taking a dietary supplement at the proper dosage is very low. As can be seen later within this paper, there are very few adverse events reported each year. However, that does not mean that all dietary supplements are completely safe for everyone to take and that there is no chance that an otherwise healthy person will have an adverse reaction to a supplement that was taken at the proper dosage. The problem, therefore, becomes to determine whether dietary supplements have more benefits than risks overall and should therefore be recommended for the general population."
Tags:dietary, supplements, vitamins, prevention, women's, health
Abstract This paper investigates the dietarysupplement DMAE in terms of its effects on the human body. This drug is examined in brief according to its qualities, its use, and its side effects on the human body. There is a focus on how the lack of standardized research serves to negatively impact the findings of this supplement.
Abstract This paper discusses the side effects of Xenadrine, which contains ephedra. The FDA does not consider dietarysupplements as drugs and therefore does no testing for harmful side effects. A study at the University of California, San Francisco, resulted in side effects, such as heart attacks, seizures, and deaths among testees while taking ephedra. In conclusion, this paper states that a healthier lifestyle is the best way to gain energy and obtain a healthier weight.
From the Paper "Dietary supplement manufacturers are not required to show that their product is safe or that is actually works. Dietary supplements are assumed safe unless the FDA can prove they are not. In the case with xenadrine, the FDA could not find evidence that was strong enough to prohibit its sale to the public.
Xenadrine is composed of Citrus Aurantium, MaHuang (Ephedra), Guarana Extract(caffeine), White Willow Bark, Aceytl L-Camitine, L-Tyrosine, Ginger Root and Vitamin B5. The warning label reads: Do not use if you are pregnant or nursing. Do not use if you are at risk or being treated for high blood pressure, liver, thyroid or psychiatric disease, diabetes, pernicious anemia, nervousness, anxiety, depression, seizure disorder, cardiac arrhythmia's, stroke or pheochromacytoma. Discontinue if dizziness, sleeplessness, tremors, nervousness, headache, heart palpitations or tingling sensations occur."
Tags: ephedra, xenadrine, dietary, supplements, weight, loss, fda
Abstract This paper examines various dietarysupplements and the trend in using them focusing on the case of Mark McGuire, the baseball player.
From the Paper "The most famous of the non-herbal supplement is the widely used and marketed, creatine. Creatine is naturally occurring amino acid produced by the kidneys and liver that is stored in the muscle cells as creatine phosphate, and the process of creatine delays fatigue and supplies quick energy for short durations. The liver produces about two grams of creatine in a day and creatine is transported through the blood stream to muscles. The Kidneys remove excess levels of creatine, which makes those athletes who already have a high muscle creatine content at no advantage by taking more creatine (Mayo 4)."
This paper is a research proposal to determine if individuals taking supplements have accurate information regarding the effect of those supplements and if they take them even when there are no "facts" to prove that they have the desired effect.
2,527 words (approx. 10.1 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 76.95
Abstract This paper explains that dietarysupplements have grown into a major U.S. industry, one that is virtually unregulated, despite the fact that dietarysupplements are supposed to have significant physical and mental effects on those who consume them. The author points out that, by the time adults begin taking supplements, most of the information they have about those supplements comes, not from what little they might have learned in school, but from companies producing and marketing those supplements, or even second-hand, via friends influenced by those same advertisements and recommend the supplements. The paper proposes a methodology that uses a self-reported survey of approximately 30 adults (25 to 65), evenly divided between men and women, to determine what supplements are taken, why, where the impetus originated, and what the respondents know or think they know about the supplements, compared to medically-based information.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Review of the Literature
Power of Advertising
Youth and Supplements Adult Supplement Studies
Theoretical Framework
Methodology
Questions for Respondent Questionnaire
DietarySupplement Resources
From the Paper "Of particular interest to Sardina were two herbs, ephedra or ma huang and St. John's Wort, also known as hypericum perforatum or ?herbal Prozac.? The first of those was considered to pose a health risk, one that finally became known to a wide range of consumers, and it was removed from the market at some point after Sardina's investigation. ) Despite the fact that the public was ill informed, Ephedra is one of the oldest known medicinal herbs, and was primarily a bronchial decongestant. In the 1940s, Ephedrine, the active ingredient in ephedra, was used to treat asthma. However, as ephedrine expands breathing passages, it constricts blood vessels, increasing arterial blood pressure, which can lead to severe hypertension, heart attack or stroke. Nor did the public know that ephedrine has a half-life between six and ten hours. With repeated use, it was possible to build up toxic levels in the body, and taking it while consuming caffeine-containing food and drink also amplified the supplement's effect, often to a dangerous level."
Abstract In the United States, the government and its agencies do not maintain the same regulation of herbal remedies in the same way that they ensure the safety of other foods and medicines. Furthermore, while these products were once the mainstay of only such minute groups as vegetarians and other counterculture types, they have now become widely popular among the general public as the widespread assumptions about their safety and naturalness has permeated contemporary society. The paper argues that, on the other hand, many professionals within the medical community conversely claim that the dietarysupplement industry is selling modern day snake oil that has no proven safety or efficiency. In the end, both factions are correct, and in spite of the natural base of herbs and dietarysupplements that can make these products appealing even when traditional medicines are not appropriate, these items are also powerful medicinal agents. The paper shows, therefore, that due to the public's lack of ability to make informed decisions surrounding these products, the Food and Drug Administration must be granted the same sovereignty over herbal remedies and vitamins that it maintains over other foods and medicines.
From the Paper "Still, one reason that some people believe that it is not necessary for the government to become involved in this industry is indeed largely because of the mistaken belief that these agents are safe merely because they are natural. In fact, according to one 1997 poll, more than half of consumers who use natural remedies are convinced that they are equally as safe and effective as traditional treatments like aspirin ( Greenberger 1077). However, since 1994 there have been reports of at least 34 deaths and nearly 900 adverse reactions--including heart-rhythm disturbances, heart attacks and strokes associated with supplements that contain one herbal stimulant that is often taken to boost energy and to lose weight (Josefson 1440)."
Abstract This paper examines the use of creatine monohydrate as a dietarysupplement, which dates back as far as the 1920s. The supplement was used by athletes in Europe before its recent debut in the U.S. which is aimed at athletes and body builders. Creatine monohydrate is an amino acid derivative that is formed in the liver, kidneys and pancreas from the amino acids arginine, glycine and methionine. Creatine monohydrate can also be obtained from food, particularly red meat. The musculature of the body has the ability to store more creatine than is used in a typical diet. Athletes take advantage of this ability by literally stuffing a muscle with creatine. This allows for expanded storage and the swifter conversion into adenosine triphosphate. Used over a protracted period of time, the result will be greater hypertrophy and the ability to sustain a longer and more intense workout. It is believed that creatine has a direct anabolic effect on the muscles by acting as a signal to increase protein synthesis during activity overload. This paper focuses on the controversy surrounding the use of the supplement. While supposed links between creatine and the deaths of several wrestlers have been disproved, studies have nonetheless shown that heavy loading is unnecessary and may be counterproductive, if not dangerous.
Table of Contents:
How Creatine Monohydrate Works
Why the Controversy?
Creatine and the Kidneys
The Best Way to Use Creatine
Creatine and Androstenedione
Scientific Studies of Creatine Use
Is It Good or Is It Bad?
Summary
Bibliography
From the Paper "There is a school of though that suggest a phased method of creatine use. A high dosage is used for five days, with the ingesting of as much as 20 grams per day in four doses. The dosage is then reduced to a level just high enough to keep the muscles loaded. Research has indicated that this regimen is not as effective as it was originally thought to be. Continuing to take his doses of creatine after the muscles are saturated will result in the elimination of creating the rough the urinary tract. The increased urinary excretion places stress on the kidneys and liver. Tests have shown that in a loading phase, creatine efficacy peaks at day six and its effects begin to decrease from that time. On the other hand a steady creatine uptake without loading lasts through day 15 and positive effects can last for up to 56 days."
Tags: body, builders, athletes, drugs, anabolic, steroids, risk, death
Abstract The writer of this article demonstrates how food and nutrition are political issues. The writer uses Marion Nestle's book "Food Politics" in order to support this theory. In this paper, the writer draws examples from the chapters of the Food Guide Pyramid, dietarysupplements and techno foods.
From the Paper "With so many ideas circulating about health and nutrition, how do people decide what to eat? We look to magazines and the latest news story for advice, but importantly, many of our beliefs about how to eat come from information handed down by government agencies. In 'Food Politics' Marion Nestle exposes a nutritional world many of us do not know exists, the world of food politics, where government regulations become highly influenced by the ... "
Tags: Food Politics, Marion Nestle, nutrition, dietarysupplements, Food Guide Pyramid
Abstract The paper provides an overview of prescription drugs, over-the-counter (OTC) drugs, herbal medicines and supplementary drugs. The paper discusses the laxity in regulation of dietarysupplements currently available in the market that is causing alarm among health care professionals. The paper then explores the reasons behind the increased popularity with OTC drugs and dietarysupplements.
From the Paper "In these modern times, patients and consumers have numerous alternatives in attempting to alleviate their health. Conventional medicine is still the mainstream for treatment of the population's maladies. However, alternative or traditional medicine is rapidly gaining popularity among consumers and patients. These include methods that claim to have a holistic approach in healing. Reflexology and acupuncture are popular procedures in an effort to cure one's pain or illness. The uses of herbs and plants as alternative medicine have been used for centuries by other societies such as China and India. "
Abstract This paper talks about the supplement, Creatine which is now one of the most popular supplements on the market. It discusses what it is and what it does, and how this controversial supplement can affect the lives of anyone who takes it.
From the paper:
"The first question that pops into your mind when you are about to take something new that you haven?t yet heard of is, "what's in this".
Creatine is a compound that can be made in our bodies or taken as a dietarysupplement. The chemical name for Creatine is methyl guanidine-acetic acid. Creatine is made up of three amino acids - Arginine, Glycine and Methionine. Our liver has the ability to combine these three amino acids and make creatine. The other way we get creatine is from our diet (Absolute Creatine)."
Abstract This paper explains that the Atkins diet programs recommends the consumption of a diet rich in fats and proteins, while severely reducing the intake of carbohydrates such as fruits and grains, which are a natural sources of vitamins; therefore, sticking to Atkins diet without supplementation will lead to severe vitamin and mineral deficiency. The author stresses that, in addition to other potential health risks, this essential requirement of dietarysupplements is of great concern because these supplements are not easily assimilated by the body.
The paper concludes that an ideal way to manage weight is to consume a balanced diet with regular exercises instead of resorting to a diet that totally alters the body metabolism and leaves the patient dependent on a supplements.
From the Paper "There are definitely health risks associated with the Atkins diet program. The fundamental change in food composition and consequent metabolic process carries a risk of electrolyte imbalance in our body. As Gail Frank, PhD, nutrition professor at California State University states, "Fruits and berries are much more indicative of early man's eating pattern than eating only protein, and we haven't changed all that much physiologically." High protein diet is known to cause the condition of acidic urine, which depletes calcium from the body. The result of calcium loss is a bone degeneration condition known as osteoporosis. Developing kidney stones is another major risk for Atkins dieters."
This paper discusses changes in the nutraceutical industry that will impact Solgar, a global, premium nutritional supplement manufacturing and marketing company.
Abstract This paper explains that Solgar and the nutraceutical industry are faced with major changes caused by the passage of the regulations of the 1994 DietarySupplement Health and Education Act signed by President Clinton. The author points out that the implementation of these good manufacturing practices will fundamentally change the manufacturing process for supplements and add a considerable layer of cost resulting from the required testing, research and tracking. The paper predicts that the nutraceutical industry will become very much like the pharmaceutical industry or will simply disappear in the United States thus creating a black market for nutritional supplements manufactured in foreign countries.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Driving Forces
Consequences
From the Paper "With the signing of the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA) of 1994 a new wave of regulations were established to control the manufacture, distribution and education regarding nutritional supplements. A wide array of changes came out of the bill and new definitions were established to make the act more encompassing of the supplement industry. However, in spite of the importance of many of the requirements in the bill, much of that language that will dramatically change the industry has not yet been implemented. In particular, the establishment of Good Manufacturing Practices or GMPs has never been imposed by the FDA despite being given the power by DSHEA. Much debate has surrounded the necessity of implementing such standards to assure the safety, accuracy, reliability and authenticity of materials in supplements but the FDA has not established industry wide standards thus far. Part of the reason that the changes have not been implemented may be due to the control of Congress and the politics of the issue but the industry is well aware that it is not simply a matter of if, but a matter of when."
Abstract Using the untimely death of professional baseballer, Steven Bechler, as a case in point, this paper argues that the common drug, ephedrine, should remain legal, despite the fact that it has been linked to many deaths in recent history. The paper argues that those people who died due to overdosing on ephedrine, abused the drug, and thus, the substance should not be banned. It argues that the drug is a constructive supplement, and it helps many people suffering from health issues if used properly.
From the Paper "The National Institute of Health cited evidence of the same nature when they conducted the RAND Study, which tested the athletic performance enhancement with ephedrine (See Appendix). They found that when used alone, the effects of ephedrine were almost equivalent to the effects of caffeine on athletic performance. They did find that used together, the effects were much greater and the elevated heart rate in response could find to be problematic. In response to these finding, in 2003, the Federal Trade Commission, mandated a warning label making it clear to users that serious adverse effects are particularly high with strenuous exercise and/or use of stimulants including caffeine (Jones 4)."
Abstract This paper relates that the use of supplements by sports athletes is only viewed as an ethical problem when the supplement becomes illicit or banned or when an athlete dies and focuses most of the time on the competitive advantage instead of the ethical question. The author presents a classical discussion of ethics and concludes that the use of performance-enhancing drugs and supplements by sports players is clearly a violation of ethical behavior. The paper states that no supplement or drug should be used or should be advised by the educator or coach to the athlete without being approved by the FDA, the sports league in question and prescribed by the attending physician of the athlete. The paper includes a table and many embedded quotations.
Table of Contents:
Objective
Introduction
Ethics - Theoretical Framework
Ethics - Differentiation among Theorists
Discussion
Responsibility of Educators and Coaches of Athletes
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper "Milton's ethics principle was based on the 'end result' or the moral rightness of an action being determined based upon consequences having been considered. Kant believed that ethics were based upon 'rules' and that the moral rightness of an action is based upon laws and standards within society and business. Rousseau held to the social contract theory in ethics believing that the moral rightness of an action is determined through the norms and customs in the existing community and Ruber held a personalistic notion of ethics believing that the moral rightness of ones' actions can only be determined through ones' conscience."
