Abstract
This essay discusses diabetes type 2, which is the most common form of diabetes. The paper shows how the disease is caused by too much glucose in the blood. When glucose builds up in the blood instead of going into cells, it can cause cells to become starved for energy. The essay focuses on how dietary practices can put diabetes type 2 under control.

Tags:diabetes, type, 2

Abstract
This paper discusses advances in dietary science and new information concerning the best practices for health and nutrition among preschool children. The paper further points out why this group has tended to be overlooked in terms of nutrition. According to the paper, while much is known about appropriate nutritional needs for infants and for children and adolescents, preschoolers are a demographic that is generally understudied in the nutritional literature. The paper concludes by stating that parents and caregivers should seek to provide the best nutrition for their children.

From the Paper
" Dietary science continues to advance, and with it comes new information concerning the best practices for health and nutrition. Preschool children tend to comprise a middle ground between known domains of information and unknown domains: while much is known about appropriate nutritional needs for infants and for children and adolescents, preschoolers are a demographic that is generally understudied in the nutritional literature..."

Tags:health, preschool, nutrition

Abstract
Lack of sufficient interest among western psychologist in blood type theories of personality has left the topic to be influenced by traditional belief. This paper shows that although this belief is widespread in Japan, where research findings do not support a relationship between blood types and personality traits, western evolutionary psychologists have given a new dimension to it by linking blood types with evolution of human civilization and dietary practices. Future research on relationship between blood type and personality needs to consider individuals' expectation, prejudice, and attitude to discrimination.

Abstract
This paper examines and summarizes an article in the "International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity." The paper reveals that a correlation between food marketing, advertising practices and childhood obesity is highly likely, if not completely certain.

From the Paper
"The International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity recently published the findings of Mary Story and Simone French in a piece entitled "Food Advertising and Marketing Directed at Children and Adolescents in the US." Story and French operating on the well-founded assumption that the food and beverage industry in the US views children and adolescents as a major market force conclude that this phenomenon is actively contributing to the enduring state of ill-health and obesity that young Americans are experiencing."

Tags:Mary Story, Simone French, childhood obesity, food marketing to the young, dietary practices

Abstract
In this article, the writer examines three different articles in order to discuss the issue of health promotion within nursing. Firstly the writer looks at "Does 'Health Promotion' Really Promote Health?" by Feinstein, Alvan. The writer then discusses "Diet and Diabetes--the New Recommendations" by Pam Dyson. Finally the writer examines the article "Noncompliance with Body Weight Measurement in Tertiary Care Teaching Hospitals" by Jensen, Gordon L. & Janet M. Friedman, Donna Henry K, Annalynn Skipper, et.al. The writer concludes that in all of these articles, health promotion is defined as enabling the individual to engage in more effective self-monitoring and self-care, not simply on a physical level, but on a psychological level, as away from the nurse's immediate supervision, the patient must continue to monitor his or her exercise, diet, and other aspects of health.

Outline:
Article 1: Primary
Article 2: Secondary
Article 3: Tertiary
Conclusion

From the Paper
"It is important to remember the role of weight loss in diabetes health promotion and maintaining a healthy lifestyle. A nurse must stress the need for caloric limitation, as well as merely monitoring blood sugar and consumption of high-sugar foods, as fat-dense, high calorie foods that contribute to obesity can be equally dangerous. This can be difficult when patients do not experience complications from their condition, but merely have diabetes as a silent presence in their lives. Nurses must provide support to making lifestyle changes, and accomodating cultural tastes and needs, as well understanding as psychological conflicts over conflicting media advice when ensuring that the secondary health promotion intervention is effective."

Tags:healthy, diseases, dietary, medications

Abstract
Few people are prepared to eat a roasted rat in their regular dinner. The dietary law that Moses created in the form of commandments and judgments, broadly corresponds to many dietary food practices, which people follow without being aware that they were descended from the laws of the scripture. The aim of this paper is to explore the laws about clean and unclean food explicated in the books of Moses.

Abstract
The paper presents a research study on a health topic related to the health status of youth and describe why the topic is an important concern. The paper includes research-based practices related to the chosen issue, which for the purpose of this research report are issues relating to the "dietary patterns that causes disease of youth" and the "inadequate physical activity of youth." The paper relates that these two factors combined result in youth obesity.

Outline:
Objective
Introduction
Youth Obesity& Health-Related Factors
Collaborative initiatives in the State of California
Community and Neighborhood Programs
Collaborative Partnership with Homes, Communities and Schools
Best Practices Identified

From the Paper
"The "Healthy People 2010: Proposed Objective 8.5" states as follows:" CDC has identified six categories of behaviors that are responsible for more than 70 percent of the mortality and morbidity among young people and thus should be the primary focus of health education and health promotion activities conducted in post-secondary institutions: (1) Behaviors that cause unintentional and intentional injuries; (2) Tobacco use; (3) Alcohol and other drug use; (4) Sexual behaviors that cause unintended pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases; (5) Dietary patterns that cause disease; and (6) Inadequate physical activity (Health People 2010: Proposed Objective 8.5, 1998) These behaviors are usually established during youth, persist into adulthood, are interrelated, and contribute simultaneously to poor health, education, and social outcomes." (1998) The "Healthy People 2010: National Health Objectives for the United States" establishes that national health objectives is actually a very important strategy to improve and protect public health. The express purposes of the establishment of these health objectives includes those as follows: (1) To provide a baseline assessment of the population's health ; (2) To establish a tracking system for monitoring change in the population's health; (3) To facilitate evaluation of the impact of health improvement activities; (5) To increase the breadth and intensity of health improvement activities (through ambitious goal setting); (5) To improve the efficiency and effectiveness of health improvement activities by defining priority strategies to reach the goals that have been set; (6) To foster a unity of purpose, organizational participation and partnerships, and a spirit of cooperation (by defining goals and strategies through a consensus process); (7) To help build awareness of, and support for, health programs among policymakers and the public; and (8) To guide decisions on allocation of funding." (Healthy People 2010": national health objectives for the United States, 1998)"

Tags:districts, healthier, urgency

Abstract
This paper explains that Solgar and the nutraceutical industry are faced with major changes caused by the passage of the regulations of the 1994 Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act signed by President Clinton. The author points out that the implementation of these good manufacturing practices will fundamentally change the manufacturing process for supplements and add a considerable layer of cost resulting from the required testing, research and tracking. The paper predicts that the nutraceutical industry will become very much like the pharmaceutical industry or will simply disappear in the United States thus creating a black market for nutritional supplements manufactured in foreign countries.

Table of Contents
Introduction
Driving Forces
Consequences

From the Paper
"With the signing of the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA) of 1994 a new wave of regulations were established to control the manufacture, distribution and education regarding nutritional supplements. A wide array of changes came out of the bill and new definitions were established to make the act more encompassing of the supplement industry. However, in spite of the importance of many of the requirements in the bill, much of that language that will dramatically change the industry has not yet been implemented. In particular, the establishment of Good Manufacturing Practices or GMPs has never been imposed by the FDA despite being given the power by DSHEA. Much debate has surrounded the necessity of implementing such standards to assure the safety, accuracy, reliability and authenticity of materials in supplements but the FDA has not established industry wide standards thus far. Part of the reason that the changes have not been implemented may be due to the control of Congress and the politics of the issue but the industry is well aware that it is not simply a matter of if, but a matter of when."

Tags:costs, implement, congress, black, standards

Abstract
This paper is a cross-cultural study which compares the culture and food-gathering techniques of the African Kung San tribe with the African Khoikhoi tribe. Similarities and differences between the two are analyzed, and a number of related factors such as nomadic practices and dietary differences are discussed as well. .

Abstract
This paper discusses the importance of nursing theory as not simply a philosophical abstraction, but as also useful for the demands for "description, explanation, prediction and control" during nursing work and study. Having a background in nursing theories can prove helpful because theories give clues as to what to ask, what to observe, what to focus on and what to think about when a nurse is under pressure or dealing with a noncompliant patient. The paper asserts that even grand theories have a practical emphasis. They can offer validation of the patient's cultural differences and self-empowerment and actualization through facilitating patient self-care. Self-care facilitation is a stress in many of the grand theories, as Orem's theory likewise attempts to address self-care deficits such as patient noncompliance with a dietary or physical fitness regime. There is always inevitable overlap between models, as contemporary nursing models and grand theories all strive to be limited to a focus on problems in nurse-patient situations or problems in person-environment interaction to be of use in practitioners in the field. Furthermore, the paper looks at the use of middle range theories in nursing, which some assert are more useful and more easily tested in practice. These mid-range theories act as subsidiaries of grand theories, and draw a great deal of their philosophy from grand theories. The major categories of knowledge reflected in different contemporary nursing models and grand theories, which include needs-based approaches, interaction-based approaches, outcome-focused approaches and humanistic approaches can be placed through the use of mid-range theories in a very specific context, such as pain management, or health promotion.

From the Paper
"Orem places a strong emphasis on exercise and physical activity that the patient can achieve him or herself. In the Community Empowerment Model, the nurse can provide counseling how to achieve such goals in the context of the patient's specific community and cultural environment (Extract from "Medicare Primary and Consumer Directed Care Demonstration: Health Promotion Nurse Intervention Model," 2002). The importance of exercise is directly derived from Orem's stress upon the need for the nurse to help the patient with such basic self-care modalities as nutrition, hygiene (including better sleep hygiene), mobility (including exercise), medication, and more empowered behavior. Orem also stresses patient empowerment in the context of direct nursing care, where the nurse has direct contact with client and/or family, along with Orem's the belief that self-care deficits are the result of environmental situations (Mayo, 1997).
"The environmental impact upon self-care also illustrates how the Community Empowerment Middle Range theory springs directly from Orem's influence, along with the pragmatic and humanist philosophical influences gave birth to Orem's stress upon patient empowerment during the entire process of treatment. The Community Empowerment Model also incorporates multiculturalism into its philosophy. Both theories share the logical positivist emphasis which stresses situations and context dictating the course of treatment, and the importance of taking into consideration the environment of the patient."

Tags:self-care facilitation Orem, mid-range theory, community health model, treatment