Abstract This paper examines a study that describes the risks and the benefits of dietary supplements. By way of the problem statement, the research questions, and the hypotheses, the research examines not only the risks and benefits of vitamins, but also the gender differences as well that are seen when it comes to who takes dietary supplements and who does not. The paper includes an extensive review of the literature.
Abstract
Chapter 1
Introduction
Purpose of the Study
Research Questions
Hypotheses
Importance of the Study
Chapter 2
Review of the Literature
Chapter 3
Theoretical Framework
Chapter 4
Methodology
Sampling
Research Method
Data Collection
Data Analysis
Works Cited
From the Paper "The risk of having any kind of adverse event, particularly one that is considered to be serious, as the result of taking a dietary supplement at the proper dosage is very low. As can be seen later within this paper, there are very few adverse events reported each year. However, that does not mean that all dietary supplements are completely safe for everyone to take and that there is no chance that an otherwise healthy person will have an adverse reaction to a supplement that was taken at the proper dosage. The problem, therefore, becomes to determine whether dietary supplements have more benefits than risks overall and should therefore be recommended for the general population."
Tags:dietary, supplements, vitamins, prevention, women's, health
Abstract This paper presents a brief overview of the benefits of dietary supplementation, with a specific focus on calcium supplements. The writer takes a positive view of supplements, provided the supplementation takes into consideration the individual's biology and lifestyle needs. The author also recommends that the supplements are dispensed with clear labeling and in conjunction with a health professional.
From the Paper "Perhaps one of the reasons there is such confusion about the issue of supplementation is the broad, sweeping claims made by popular manufactures of supplements, which promise generic cure-alls rather than sound advice. Not every woman may need iron supplements, if she eats fortified grain cereals and eats red meat. The personal and inexact science of creating an ideal diet, tailored to the individual, must be communicated on supplement labels by law. The current nutritional labels that give guidelines for generic 2,000-calorie diets for daily requirements, regardless of age, background, lifestyle, and quite often gender, are often misleading."
Abstract This essay offers a nuanced historical account and explanation of why the Jewish dietary rule came to insist on the prohibition of the consumption of certain animals, while others were tolerated, with particular reference to the time when the rule came to be fleshed out. More specifically, the paper looks into the case of pigs or pork as an animal whose inclusion in the list of those unclean might strike as particularly odd to the modern reader. Given the similarities they had with oxen, sheep and goats as domesticated and herbivorous livestock, swine, it seems fair to say, had little reason to be excluded. But this short piece argues that their labelling as unclean had as much to do with the peculiar circumstances in which Leviticus and Deuteronomy were written as with the consistency of the religious doctrine based on an adherence to the tenet of separate spheres which pigs and other animals fell foul of.
Outline;
Introduction
Reasons for the Exclusion of Pig: Hygiene and Habit
Criticism of Hygiene and Habit Interpretation
Contextualising Dietary Law: Babylonic Exile and Anti-desert Mentality
Distinctive Categories and Aberrations
Conclusions
From the Paper "That pork was unhygienic does not stand up to much scrutiny either. Criticising the hygienic rationale, Jean Soler for example, correctly makes the obvious point that the nomadic Hebrew tribes, who lived at the time when these rules were drawn up, did not possess sufficient medical knowledge to be able to pronounce the pig unclean based on the infectious dangers it posed to man. Even though it would be tempting to suppose that the kind of hot and arid climate in which the ancient Israelites lived was particularly hazardous for the transmission of diseases, the lack of even physicians to prepare for this possibility at that time points to the extent to which medical reasons could not plausibly be carted out to account for why pigs were expressly forbidden."
Abstract This paper investigates the dietary supplement DMAE in terms of its effects on the human body. This drug is examined in brief according to its qualities, its use, and its side effects on the human body. There is a focus on how the lack of standardized research serves to negatively impact the findings of this supplement.
An examination as to whether Xenadrine, a dietary supplement containing ephedra, is safe for consumers, and whether it contributes towards weight loss.
Abstract This paper discusses the side effects of Xenadrine, which contains ephedra. The FDA does not consider dietary supplements as drugs and therefore does no testing for harmful side effects. A study at the University of California, San Francisco, resulted in side effects, such as heart attacks, seizures, and deaths among testees while taking ephedra. In conclusion, this paper states that a healthier lifestyle is the best way to gain energy and obtain a healthier weight.
From the Paper "Dietary supplement manufacturers are not required to show that their product is safe or that is actually works. Dietary supplements are assumed safe unless the FDA can prove they are not. In the case with xenadrine, the FDA could not find evidence that was strong enough to prohibit its sale to the public.
Xenadrine is composed of Citrus Aurantium, MaHuang (Ephedra), Guarana Extract(caffeine), White Willow Bark, Aceytl L-Camitine, L-Tyrosine, Ginger Root and Vitamin B5. The warning label reads: Do not use if you are pregnant or nursing. Do not use if you are at risk or being treated for high blood pressure, liver, thyroid or psychiatric disease, diabetes, pernicious anemia, nervousness, anxiety, depression, seizure disorder, cardiac arrhythmia's, stroke or pheochromacytoma. Discontinue if dizziness, sleeplessness, tremors, nervousness, headache, heart palpitations or tingling sensations occur."
Tags: ephedra, xenadrine, dietary, supplements, weight, loss, fda
This paper is a research proposal to determine if individuals taking supplements have accurate information regarding the effect of those supplements and if they take them even when there are no "facts" to prove that they have the desired effect.
2,527 words (approx. 10.1 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 76.95
Abstract This paper explains that dietary supplements have grown into a major U.S. industry, one that is virtually unregulated, despite the fact that dietary supplements are supposed to have significant physical and mental effects on those who consume them. The author points out that, by the time adults begin taking supplements, most of the information they have about those supplements comes, not from what little they might have learned in school, but from companies producing and marketing those supplements, or even second-hand, via friends influenced by those same advertisements and recommend the supplements. The paper proposes a methodology that uses a self-reported survey of approximately 30 adults (25 to 65), evenly divided between men and women, to determine what supplements are taken, why, where the impetus originated, and what the respondents know or think they know about the supplements, compared to medically-based information.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Review of the Literature
Power of Advertising
Youth and Supplements
Adult Supplement Studies
Theoretical Framework
Methodology
Questions for Respondent Questionnaire
Dietary Supplement Resources
From the Paper "Of particular interest to Sardina were two herbs, ephedra or ma huang and St. John's Wort, also known as hypericum perforatum or ?herbal Prozac.? The first of those was considered to pose a health risk, one that finally became known to a wide range of consumers, and it was removed from the market at some point after Sardina's investigation. ) Despite the fact that the public was ill informed, Ephedra is one of the oldest known medicinal herbs, and was primarily a bronchial decongestant. In the 1940s, Ephedrine, the active ingredient in ephedra, was used to treat asthma. However, as ephedrine expands breathing passages, it constricts blood vessels, increasing arterial blood pressure, which can lead to severe hypertension, heart attack or stroke. Nor did the public know that ephedrine has a half-life between six and ten hours. With repeated use, it was possible to build up toxic levels in the body, and taking it while consuming caffeine-containing food and drink also amplified the supplement's effect, often to a dangerous level."
Abstract The paper discusses how in today's fast-paced, instant gratification world, quality nutrition often gets pushed to the side in favor of convenience. The paper overviews the concept of dietary guidelines and the importance of proper nutrition as it relates to health and preventing illness.
Outline:
Introduction
Proper Nutrition Overview
The Food Pyramid and Dietary Guidelines
Proper Nutrition and Disease Prevention
Conclusion
From the Paper "Lam (2006) notes, "Proper nutrition and a balanced lifestyle are the cornerstones of good health". Food makes life possible and is both sustenance and symbol. Hardy (2005) notes the word 'nutrition' comes from the Latin word nutrire, which means to suckle, nurse or nourish. The importance of proper nutrition was first recognized by Hippocrates, when he said "let your food be your medicine and your only medicine by your food" (cited Hardy, 2005). This concept of how important nutrition is to the human body remains to this day. To put it simply - no food; no life. However, it is not simply a matter of consuming food indiscriminately. Poor quality food is just as detrimental to good health as lack of quantity of food (Keeling, 2001)."
Abstract This paper examines various dietary supplements and the trend in using them focusing on the case of Mark McGuire, the baseball player.
From the Paper "The most famous of the non-herbal supplement is the widely used and marketed, creatine. Creatine is naturally occurring amino acid produced by the kidneys and liver that is stored in the muscle cells as creatine phosphate, and the process of creatine delays fatigue and supplies quick energy for short durations. The liver produces about two grams of creatine in a day and creatine is transported through the blood stream to muscles. The Kidneys remove excess levels of creatine, which makes those athletes who already have a high muscle creatine content at no advantage by taking more creatine (Mayo 4)."
Abstract This paper explores the truth behind the different theories that have been used to explain why our world is overpopulated: climatic change, the industrial revolution, medical advances, dietary improvements and the infamous Brown Rat theory.
From the Paper "The world is overpopulated. This is a fact widely accepted by sociologists and the general population alike. However, overpopulation has not always been an issue. It therefore becomes necessary to ask: When did this happen? What caused it to happen? Was it a result of one or many factors? This paper addresses these questions and identify the factor (or factors) that have resulted in the population explosion. "
Tags: advances, black, brown, change, climatic, dietary, explosion, factors, history, industrial, medical, overpopulation, plague, population, rat, reasons, revolution, theory
Abstract For many years nutritionists advised the general public about the cardiovascular implications of maintaining a diet regimen that restricts calorie intake. Information has now surfaced that a dietary restriction (DR) regimen has neurogenic implications. A DR regimen involves calorie restriction or intermittent fasting with maintained vitamin and mineral intake. This paper focuses on the effects of a DR regimen on neurogenesis and neuroprotection in the hippocampus and dentate gyrus. The contributory effect of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) on neurogenesis is also examined in conjunction with a DR regimen.
From the Paper "Further study in this field of neuroprotection involves establishing how the cellular stress induced by DR and the subsequent production of BDNF is able to increase the resistance of hippocampal neurons (2). In addition, it would be important for researchers to find applications of this neuroprotection in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease or Parkinson's disease. Neurodegenerative disorders have been characterized as involving increased oxidative and metabolic stress, and overactivation of glutamate receptors (2). If DR results in the production of BDNF, which has been found to increase neuronal resistance, then the next logical progression of this research involves their use with neurodegenerative disorders."
Abstract This essay discusses diabetes type 2, which is the most common form of diabetes. The paper shows how the disease is caused by too much glucose in the blood. When glucose builds up in the blood instead of going into cells, it can cause cells to become starved for energy. The essay focuses on how dietary practices can put diabetes type 2 under control.
Abstract This paper discusses a research study performed by Lissner, Steen and Brownell that examines the popularity of fad diets in "Weight Reduction Diets and Health Promotion" ("The American Journal of Preventive Medicine", Vol. 8, 154-8, 1992.), questioning their viability, safety and effectiveness. The paper examines the increasing problem of obesity worldwide, a main focus of the research study. The methods and strategies used for this research are outlined in the paper.
From the Paper "The basic premise of the research was to analyze the mechanisms by which obesity is battled in quotidian society, where the most common-place variety of treatment was the fad diet. Among the most popular of these at the time of their research, nearly fifteen years ago, was the protein diet. The study's authors examined not only the fundamentals of the popular grocery-store, drug-store protein diet, but how it affected the average, sedate adult. For the analysis, they isolated the dietary composition of the average protein diet, which contained 1,000 kcal or less, 50 mg of carbohydrates, and 120g or more of protein. Further study combined this steady intake construction with the average daily exercise of a high-protein diet consuming adult, showing that the patient demographic largely experienced energy restriction, resulting in ketosis."
Abstract This paper examines the use of creatine monohydrate as a dietary supplement, which dates back as far as the 1920s. The supplement was used by athletes in Europe before its recent debut in the U.S. which is aimed at athletes and body builders. Creatine monohydrate is an amino acid derivative that is formed in the liver, kidneys and pancreas from the amino acids arginine, glycine and methionine. Creatine monohydrate can also be obtained from food, particularly red meat. The musculature of the body has the ability to store more creatine than is used in a typical diet. Athletes take advantage of this ability by literally stuffing a muscle with creatine. This allows for expanded storage and the swifter conversion into adenosine triphosphate. Used over a protracted period of time, the result will be greater hypertrophy and the ability to sustain a longer and more intense workout. It is believed that creatine has a direct anabolic effect on the muscles by acting as a signal to increase protein synthesis during activity overload. This paper focuses on the controversy surrounding the use of the supplement. While supposed links between creatine and the deaths of several wrestlers have been disproved, studies have nonetheless shown that heavy loading is unnecessary and may be counterproductive, if not dangerous.
Table of Contents:
How Creatine Monohydrate Works
Why the Controversy?
Creatine and the Kidneys
The Best Way to Use Creatine
Creatine and Androstenedione
Scientific Studies of Creatine Use
Is It Good or Is It Bad?
Summary
Bibliography
From the Paper "There is a school of though that suggest a phased method of creatine use. A high dosage is used for five days, with the ingesting of as much as 20 grams per day in four doses. The dosage is then reduced to a level just high enough to keep the muscles loaded. Research has indicated that this regimen is not as effective as it was originally thought to be. Continuing to take his doses of creatine after the muscles are saturated will result in the elimination of creating the rough the urinary tract. The increased urinary excretion places stress on the kidneys and liver. Tests have shown that in a loading phase, creatine efficacy peaks at day six and its effects begin to decrease from that time. On the other hand a steady creatine uptake without loading lasts through day 15 and positive effects can last for up to 56 days."
Tags: body, builders, athletes, drugs, anabolic, steroids, risk, death
Abstract The writer of this article demonstrates how food and nutrition are political issues. The writer uses Marion Nestle's book "Food Politics" in order to support this theory. In this paper, the writer draws examples from the chapters of the Food Guide Pyramid, dietary supplements and techno foods.
From the Paper "With so many ideas circulating about health and nutrition, how do people decide what to eat? We look to magazines and the latest news story for advice, but importantly, many of our beliefs about how to eat come from information handed down by government agencies. In 'Food Politics' Marion Nestle exposes a nutritional world many of us do not know exists, the world of food politics, where government regulations become highly influenced by the ... "
Abstract The paper explains that hereditary hemochromatosis is a disease that leads to an abnormal increase in the amount of dietary iron that is absorbed in the blood. The paper looks at the symptoms, diagnosis and treatment and points out that following successful treatment, patients can be expected to lead a normal life. The paper notes, however, that without treatment, organ failure may at times lead to death. The paper reveals that more than ten percent of Caucasians are carriers and one in three hundred are afflicted with this disease. The paper contends that more needs to be done to educate both the public and healthcare providers about this disease.
Outline:
Introduction
Overview
Symptoms and Diagnosis
Treatment
Conclusion
From the Paper "When an individual is asked to name the most prevalent hereditary disease, most would think of diseases such as sickle cell anemia, cystic fibrosis, or even hemophilia. Most, however, have never even heard of the most prevalent - hereditary hemochromatosis, a disease which inflicts one in every three hundred Caucasians, and demonstrates that one in every nine Caucasian is a carrier (Mercola). It is this continued need for information distribution to the general public that is an inspiration in the human biology field."
