Abstract
This paper examines the effects of a high fat/low-carbohydrate diet such as Atkins, on body weight and composition. This paper compares such a high fat diet to the effects of a calorie-reduced, fat-restricted diet in an attempt to answer the question of whether weight loss occurs because of a metabolic advantage. Metabolic advantage means that the body begins to use fat as energy due to a lowered carbohydrate intake.

From the Paper
"One possible reason that the subjects in the Pogliaghi and Veicsteinas (1999) study did not appear to benefit from a low-carbohydrate/high fat diet might be that they have not been participating in endurance training. As an individual exercises, the resulting muscle contractions are done using ATP. How the body creates and uses this ATP is dependant upon the amount of the energy sources available, and the intensity and duration of the exercise. In all individuals, even those who are non-obese, glycogen is generally used for ATP and thus, during moderate exercise, the body creates ATP from available glycogen. As the intensity of exercise is increased, oxygen levels in the body decrease, which makes the creation of ATP difficult. The body, at this point, will begin to burn fat to substitute for this lack of ability. Since prolonged endurance training has the affect of conditioning the muscles to "crossover" to burn glycogen after longer time duration, trained individuals will burn more fat and less glycogen than untrained individuals will. This might explain why the study done by Pogliaghi and Veicsteinas (1999) yielded such results as it did, since the individuals in the study were not trained athletes."

Tags:calories, diet, carbohydrate, hunger, Holt, meals

Abstract
In this essay, the writer argues that diet pops are so dangerous for one's health that it would be better if people just ate sugar. The writer maintains that even though sugar is bad for people's health, it is not as bad as the aspartame in diet pops. The writer shows that there is much evidence to support this. As demonstrated in this article, there is also evidence to show that aspartame is not bad for people. However, the writer claims that if this evidence is examined one finds that the evidence may be biased. The writer explains that this is because some research is paid for by the diet pop companies.

Tags:aspartame, diet, pop

Abstract
This article examines aspects of the Atkins diet. The writer discusses whether or not the diet is an effective program for weight loss. The paper also looks at the problems related to high protein and high fat diets. The writer discusses the dangers of ketosis that such diets induce.

From the Paper
"Low-carbohydrates diets do bring about weight loss in the short-term but their long-term effects are no better than other diets. The Atkins diet is a high protein high fat diet with very low carbohydrate intake. It has been shown to work for weight loss over the short-term, but there are doubts about its ability to work over the long-term. It is difficult to adhere to such a low-carbohydrate regimen long-term. Two recent studies reported in the New England Journal of ... "

Tags:Atkins diet, dangers of ketosis

Abstract
The paper discusses evidence for and against the Atkins diet, which calls for a reduction in carbohydrate intake. The paper discusses the recommendations on carbohydrates by the government and the medical establishment and evidence offered by critics of the Atkins approach, including concerns on the part of some doctors that the diet may be dangerous.

From the Paper
"The Atkins diet has been the subject of considerable controversy as it has become popular, leading to concerns on the part of some doctors that the diet may be dangerous. This diet is a high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet, promising weight loss from a change in dietary habits in terms of reducing the consumption of carbohydrates and increasing the consumption of protein rather than by simply reducing intake. In this way, the diet promises that dieters will lose weight without going hungry. The Atkins diet was developed by Dr. Atkins in 1972."

Tags:atkins, diet, carbohydrates

Abstract
This paper looks at the Suzanne Somers diet and what it entails. The paper looks at its scientific and medical validity, costs, and whether or not it is hazardous to health. Additionally, the paper examines whether it is a good diet to recommend for weight loss.

From the Paper
"The Suzanne Somers diet is not very well explained even in her book, according to all the reviews. Her descriptions of the program are very vague and one reviewer says it would be hard to understand how anyone would lose weight on it, yet also says that the diet appeared to only allow about calories a day which is very restrictive. Another says the information in her latest book seems to contradict some of what she has said before. The diet is basically a low carbohydrate..."

Tags:diet

Abstract
This paper analyzes the influence of mass media on the everyday diet of Americans. The author discusses the inconsistencies of food and nutrition news reported by the media that confuse and frustrate consumers and lead to poor diet and lifestyle choices.

From the Paper
"Breakfast may be the most important meal of the day, but you may need a scorecard to decide what to eat. Will knocking back a few cups of java (a) raise your risk of pancreatic cancer, (b) lead to arthritis, or (c) protect you from Parkinson's disease? Is it butter or margarine that is healthier on your toast? Are eggs OK or did you get the message scrambled? One has good reason to be confused and not just at breakfast. Americans get the bulk of their nutrition news from TV, magazines, and newspapers where the latest findings are proclaimed by just about anyone in a lab coat (Kulman 1). These findings are sometimes contradictory to established research conclusions and leave consumers unsure of what to really think."

Tags:nutrition, life, health, food, eating, t.v., commercial, advert, diet

Abstract
This paper examines how a poor diet, one high in sugar and fat or heavily-processed foods, is a prerequisite for obesity. The paper then examines how there is scarcely any question at this point that obesity is a prerequisite for a host of serious health complications such as high blood pressure, heart disease, diabetes, hypertension, even various forms of cancers. With that in mind, this paper explores how our diets not only make us fat but also create in us the urge to eat when eating is the last thing we should be doing.

From the Paper
"There is scarcely any question that a poor diet - one high in sugar and fat or heavily-processed foods - is a prerequisite for obesity; furthermore, there is scarcely any question at this point that obesity is a prerequisite for a host of serious health complications: high blood pressure, heart disease, diabetes, hypertension, even various forms of cancers (Agricultural Marketing Resource Center, 2007). With that in mind, the following pages will explore how our diets (both those we have as adults and those we have as children) not only make us fat (or thin) but also create in us the urge to eat when eating is the last thing we should..."

Tags:diet, america, obesity

Abstract
The paper is a review of a study on the effect of diet on pregnancy and discusses the relation of men's semen parameters to their mothers' intake of beef during their pregnancies. The study, "Semen Quality of Fertile U.S. Males in Relation to Their Mothers' Beef Consumption During Pregnancy," by S.H. Swan, F. Liu, J.W. Overstreet, C. Brazil and N.E. Skakkebaek, which is included with this paper, is well-documented with references and tables. The paper relates that partners of pregnant women took part in the study and recorded whether the male's mother had consumed beef or not and whether or not the consumption of beef during pregnancy had any effect on their son's fertility.

Outline:
Methodological Aspects
Research Design
Methods
Interpretive Aspects
Ethical Aspects

From the Paper
"How were issues of reliability and validity of the measures adequately addressed? The deciding variables for the subjects were analyzed statistically, and the mother's beef consumption was compared with their son's recorded sperm concentration. Sub fertile men's sperm concentration was examined in relation to the amount of beef their mothers consumed during pregnancy, and all men's sperm count was transformed with a logarithmic base 10 in order to distribute the parameter more evenly. Other factors taken into consideration in the analysis were the men's age, smoking, alcohol, body mass index (BMI), history of STD, abstinence time, and their own meat consumption. The mother's age, whether or not she smoked, whether or not she nursed her son and her meat consumption were initially examined in the model. This selection of variants was based on their proven importance in past studies, biological plausibility, sufficient numbers and evidence of the effect on the strength of the association with beef consumption."

Tags:diet, fertility, sperm, count

Abstract
This paper begins with a brief synopsis of the Atkins diet and the medical philosophy behind the diet. The paper then reviews studies on the diet's short-term safety and effectiveness and cites the positive results of these studies, while at the same time noting the lack of sufficient medical studies done on the long-term safety and effectiveness of the diet.

From the Paper
"Recent research suggests that the low-carbohydrate Atkins diet is safe and effective in the short term. Today, millions of Americans follow the Atkins diet, making questions of safety and effectiveness increasingly important. In controlled studies, those on the Atkins diet lost more weight, had bigger increases in heart-friendly HDL cholesterol and had larger decreases in triglyceride levels when compared to dieters on a "normal" diet. Despite the diet's clear short-term success, the long-term effectiveness and safety of the diet have not been conclusively established, although a diet that combines the traditional Atkins diet with low fat may help to reduce some of these potential risks. Overall, the Atkins diet seems to be an effective way to shed pounds, at least in the short term. The Atkins diet may provide an effective and safe means to improve health, even when potential concerns about the diet are contrasted against the documented and well-known dangers of obesity."

Tags:lost, weight, low, carbohydrates, dr., robert, increase, energy, yo-yo, dieting, counting, calories

Abstract
The ability of life to adapt to new environments is one of the principle foundations of Natural Selection. The paper shows that, given the great importance of diet on the course of our evolutionary past, it is astounding that more research has not been conducted on the origins of our dieting habits. The literature that has been written on the subject of diet has taken on many forms. Some researchers have focused on the social origins of diet and how it affects different categories of people, while others have focused on the cognitive functions behind different dieting behaviors. This literature review examines some of the past research that has been conducted and attempts to put this research into an evolutionary based frame.

From the Paper
"This model theorizes that females, since females bear young, would establish small groups near a constant food source in order to ensure the health of young offspring. Males, on the other hand, would have a larger territory that would encompass several smaller female groups. Males would roam this territory and be constantly on the move, allowing for males to eat a wider (but less constant) diet. Males would therefore have a predisposition to eat anything that could be eaten, and therefore care less about the "healthy" aspect of the foodstuff. Females, having maintained a constant source of food over several generations, would be more selective with their caloric intake and only choose to eat the healthier foods."

Tags:cognitive, nutrition, dieting, HPF