From the Paper
"Dictatorship, as a form of government, has fallen into opprobrium in the course of the 20th century. This was not always the case. "Dictator" was originally a Roman constitutional office, exercising absolute powers for a limited term during emergencies. Later, with repeated renewals of authority extending it to an indefinite term, it was used or abused by Julius Caesar before his assassination.

In modern times "dictator" has come to mean an autocratic ruler whose power is not hereditary or otherwise traditional in origin; that is, in contrast to an autocratic monarch. This writer is not aware of any ruler of modern times who has self-adopted it as a title, but in the earlier part of the 20th..."

Abstract
This paper traces the political life and views of Vaclav Havel, 1989 President of Czechoslovakia and President of the newly formed Czech Republic in 1993. The paper examines Havel's life-long struggle against classical dictatorship and analyzes his views on the subject in his work ?Power of the Powerless.? It looks at the terms classical dictatorship and post-totalitarian dictatorship and compares the two.

From the Paper
"It superficially appears that both system types benefit from certain aspects of the system. In the case of a classical dictatorship, the strength of the system is might. Without use of force to suppress any opposition and open interpretation of law to determine crimes against the state, the dictator loses respect drawn mostly from a compromise of fear mixed with compliance. In the Post-Totalitarian system, centralization is the strengthening force. There is a State power structure to answer to and work with bureaucratically. The State is a sort of bastard mother or wet nurse who provides for her children while answering to their father world."

Tags:democratic, Velvet, Revolution, absolutism

Abstract
This paper evaluates the claim that Napoleonism (Napoleon's Reign) was in essence a benevolent dictatorship?

Tags:POLITICAL SCIENCE / STUDIES IN DEMOCRACY, LIBERALISM, napoleon reign benevolent

Abstract
On 13 September 1923, General Miguel Primo de Rivera launched a successful and bloodless coup d'etat, beginning seven years of dictatorship in Spain. Primo de Rivera was a maladroit politician filled with the fervor of Spanish patriotism thought sufficient to navigate his dictatorship through the murky waters of politics. This paper will argue that the regime was more of a developmental dictatorship than one based in the usual fundamentals of autocracy. It concerns itself instead with describing the political realities in which the Primo de Rivera dictatorship was based, before moving on to discuss the objectives and achievements of the regime. The paper concludes by suggesting ways in which the dictatorship may have influenced the cataclysmic developments that drew the nation into Civil War less than a decade after the collapse of the Primo de Rivera regime.

Tags:miguel, primo, de, rivera

Abstract
This paper examines how understanding the extent of corruption, as it has been exposed by globalization, is important because it allows us to better understand consistent underdevelopment in Third World nations, such as Egypt. It shows how an analysis of financial corruption in Egypt and the country's resistance to change versus the efforts toward the political and economic reform of the country by external powers, underscores that the country's problem is not economic poverty, but corruption and misuse of foreign aid funds and national resources. After establishing the connection between globalization and corruption, the main argument is that the high level of corruption in a country like Egypt proves the necessity of enforcing international anti-corruption laws, thus, removing a significant obstacle to development.

From the Paper
"In "Politics of Corruption," Patrick Fitzsimons discusses corruption within the framework of globalization. He begins his article by referring to the characteristics and concerns of the new global economic and political system, from the concern with multiculturalism, to terrorism, to economic liberalism, and notes the meaning and importance of these new concepts and concerns. According to Fitzsimmons' argument, their importance lies in the fact that they effectively define the thoughts and ideologies of the current political and economic environment."

Tags:economic, liberalism, third, world, poverty

Abstract
An analysis of Stalinism, his dictatorship and personal style of leadership. The author examines the dictator's measures of leadership and their consequences on the social world.

From the Paper
"One wonders what would possess a man to such extreme lengths of cruelty and severity. As Adam Ulam observes, "the poverty and harshness of Stalin's early life left indelible imprints on him. Quite early in life he became a crude, unsentimental, and mistrustful person, tormented by an inferiority complex and very ambitious. Always displaying contempt for the traditions of kinship and personal friendship, usually so important to Georgians"( Ulman 20)".

Tags:dictator, russia, soviet, stalin, stalinism, ussr, wwii

Abstract
The paper uses South Africa as an example and looks at what causes poverty in South Africa, how South Africa has changed since the advent of major rule in 1994, and what domestic and foreign measures South Africa can take to help decrease or end poverty.

From the Paper
"The World Bank, on its web site devoted to poverty and its alleviation, dramatically defines poverty. "Poverty is hunger. Poverty is lack of shelter. Poverty is being sick and not being able to see a doctor. Poverty is not having access to school and not knowing how to read. Poverty is not having a job, is fear for the future, living one day at a time. Poverty is losing a child to illness brought about by unclean water. Poverty is powerlessness, lack of representation and freedom." (World Bank, Poverty Net)"

Tags:poverty, development, africa

From the Paper
"The purpose of this research is to examine Barrington Moore's Social origins of Dictatorship and Democracy: Lord and Peasant in the Making of the Modern World with a view toward showing the extent to which different material conditions in England and France influenced the character of class alliances that formed in each country and eventually contributed to the emergence of industrial democracy in both. The plan of the research will be to set Moore's approach to comparative analysis in appropriate context, and then to show, by reference to Moore's examination of the French and English cases, how different structures of social-class alliance in each country led eventually to roughly the same result in social structure.

To understand the importance of different material conditions in England and France as central to the manner of.."

Abstract
This paper delves into Vladimir Ilyich Lenin's life, his childhood, his political life and writings, his final days, changes of thought and death. It also shows how Lenin was an important communist political theorist and has changed the course of modern political thought.

From the Paper
?The proletariat's unity is its greatest weapon in the struggle for the socialist revolution!? One of the most influential political leaders of our century is Vladimir Ilyich Lenin. The typical closed-mindedness of matters related to Communism and his person more often than not shields his greater achievements. Lenin's life can be separated into three sections: his childhood, his political life and his writings, and his final days and changes of thought.

Tags:communism, democratic, ilyich, marx, russia, socialism, ulyanov, vladimir, biography