Abstract This paper explains that democracy in Pakistan has failed because the politics of the country are based on dictatorial democracy and full of corrupt practices. The author points out that the Pakistani society is poverty-stricken; urban sprawl has caused the people to lead miserable lives and, like all poor nations, it is burdened with debt and military rule, seeing little hope of development in the future. The paper states that women in Pakistan have not been given full rights equal to men; they face shocking levels of domestic violence, including acid attacks and burnings by fire, which are estimated to occur in 80 percent of all households in the country.
From the Paper "Democracy needs institutions, such as viable political parties, an independent judiciary, a free and responsible press and a professional civil service. Pakistan inherited these from the British, but with elected leaders governing like the worst autocrats elections alone were no guarantee of democracy. Failures of consecutive democratically elected leaders in Pakistan cast serious doubts about reinstating such leaders through fresh elections."
Abstract The paper discusses that internal confusion forced in 133 BC by economic stand still in the city of Rome, slave rebellion and opposition in the military lead to a period of unrelenting political turmoil known as the Roman Revolution 133-27 BC. The paper shows that, in spirit, the republic structure of government experienced a painful and brutal change from negligent oligarchy to a more responsible dictatorial form of government. The paper shows, too, that this transition of Rome from Republic to an Empire saw many things change and one of them was the role of the aristocracy and the change in its status and stature.
From the Paper "About the time of the beginning of the Principate, Roman society was defined sharply into three main classes, which in turn steadily became more defined during the empire. For each class, specific career and public service opportunities were provided. For senators, these included the chief magistracies and military posts; for the equities (members of the Equestrian class), they included a career in civil or military service of the emperor; for the lower classes, there were limited to private or junior rank in the army. Classes, however, were not closed, and ascension from one to another was quite possible."
Tags: patron, Caesarism, Latin, League, Plebeians, Quaestor, Augustus
Abstract Compares their contrasting leadership styles. Their different socioeconomic and regional backgrounds. Bill Clinton's "seductive" style as governor and president. Hillary Clinton's more assertive, direct and dictatorial style. Bill Clinton's distinction between the public and the private. His abilities as a campaigner and communicator. How both Clintons worked to achieve their political ambitions.
From the Paper "Bill and Hillary Clinton:
A Comparative Study of Contrasting Leadership Styles
For eight years, Bill and Hillary Clinton occupied center stage in American political life, he as President of the United States and she as a First Lady with more direct involvement in the operation of the Administration than most other similarly situated women had ever before enjoyed (Andersen, 1999). The Clintons were from substantially different socioeconomic and regional backgrounds: she was the daughter of upper-middle-class Midwesterners, and he the son of a divorced and twice-married Arkansas mother (Andersen, 1999). Together, in the Arkansas governor's mansion and the White House, they created a leadership and governing style in which both played a critical part ? even though ..."
This paper discusses the concept, history and application of "Checks and Balances", the system that gives constitutional controls of the separate branches of government in a way that one branch will not have more power over the others.
Abstract This paper states that, although the Federal Constitution of the United States with its "Checks and Balances" makes it the best-known and most democratic system in the world today, most governments, even dictatorial ones, have a similar mechanism to balance the exercise of power among its branches. The author feels that the U.S. Constitution was and will be a reaction piece to events that happen to the people. This paper concludes that power must be controlled and accounted for: It is not only a right and a privilege but also, more so, a responsibility.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Checks and Balances in the Legislative Branch
The System and the People's Rights
The System and the Judiciary
A Brilliant System in Present Times
From the Paper "The system has been tested by actual situations. After the Civil War, President Andrew Johnson vetoed 20 bills (Anonymous), after which Congress overrode more than 20 bills vetoed by the President. In 1918, Congress turned down the Treaty of Versailles, which then President Woodrow Wilson worked hard for. The Treaty was to end World War I. In 1935 to 1936, Supreme Court declared that the NIRA and the AAA, New Deal programs passed by the Roosevelt Administration, were unconstitutional. Likewise, former President Ronald Regan appointed Judge Robert Bork to the Supreme Court, but his appointment or nomination was rejected by Congress."
Abstract Machiavelli in "The Prince" provides detailed instruction to a teenaged ruler, one who has already received the childhood moral education from fairy tales and folk parables and is ready for actual, direct instruction in his official duties. This work was a specific guide, written on the model of historic rulers and societies. Based, in no small part, upon the life of Caesar Borgia, a heavy-handed dictatorial ruler, Machiavelli sought to describe the perfect state, one that, if it must have a Prince, should be run in the manner described. The work, however, would meet with a great deal of dismay and horror by the people he intended to "get in" with. In his need to become part of the political life of Italy (in which he had, at one time, been as influential and significant as Sir Thomas More had been in England) created "The Prince", a tract that did not truly reflect his own philosophies of political life, but one, he vainly hoped, would be received well by the ruling family. The purpose of "The Prince" also encompasses a trade-school-like approach, where the intricacies of policy, management and behavior are spelled out directly, in clear, plain language. It is the intent of this paper to examine the role of the Prince in relation to the people from the framework of political function as outlined in Machiavelli's work.
Abstract In 1933, Adolph Hitler introduced to the government an act that would establish his dictatorial role in Germany. This legislation, known as The Enabling Act, provided unmitigated authority to Hitler and the Reich. As a significant moment in German history, the Enabling Act represents the culmination of Hitler's political ambition for total control over German activity both at home and abroad. This essay summarizes the events leading up to this act and considers the details of the act itself.
Abstract This paper discusses the problem of poverty and the course of action that individuals and groups can take to address societal ills such as poverty. The specifics of what constitutes societal problems differs from society to society, but the basic spirit remains. Some societies in our world, like that of Offred's (which is mirrored in any dictatorial, patriarchal, oppressive society), are indeed directly harmful to broad selections of that society. Poverty is an oppression. Like many liberation theologians, Ngugi uses Marxist social analysis. Each character represents a broader section of society and the individuals they rebel against represent the whole of the governing body of society.
Abstract To understand the point of the humor in "Cat's Cradle" by Kurt Vonnegut, it is necessary to examine the point of the story itself. All of Vonnegut's books touch on broad social issues in a rather cartoonish way that serves a much darker and difficult purpose than what they appear to address. Like Breakfast of Champions, and Hocus Pocus, Cat's Cradle, is a humorous take on the organizations and social structures that the world holds as absolutes with the angle that such things do not exist - all is arbitrary. In this work, we find that there is a brilliant combination of lampoon (in the form of the polarized roles taken by the two friends who created the island nation dictatorial politics and religion, Bokononism; which are intended to oversimplify the arbitrariness of politics and religion) and of black humor (which is clearly marked in the violence, deprivation, and oppression that are used only to perpetrate the lie that is the society). Irony, perhaps, is the constant of every event and passage in this book. It is irony that makes us understand that the humor in the story is a rather caustic, disbelieving, and disenchanting look at our own and every other society.
Abstract From the perspective of a registered principal at a leading brokerage firm, this paper explains what is required in order to effectively take charge of the firm's customers and oversee operations processes. Some of the requirements discussed are implementation strategies, awareness of the tasks and activities performed in the organization, supplying proper service to customers, and an awareness of the needs of the employees. In discussing these aspects, the paper promotes a more participative style of leadership over a dictatorial style as a key to successful management..
From the Paper "The first step in managing any organization is to know how to implement the strategies that the management wishes to implement. If these are implemented according to plan then the management knows exactly which direction the organization is going in. For this to take place there has to be an unlimited amount of coordination that helps to bring in news of advantages and disadvantages that the organization may be at."
Tags: functioning, managing, operations, overseer, supervise, organized, service
This paper discusses William Golding's ?The Lord of the Flies, a novel about a group of schoolboys establishing a form of social order when they find themselves cut of from all civilization on a deserted tropical island.
Abstract This paper explains that William Golding's "The Lord of the Flies" is of great political and social interest because it highlights the fact that the potential to unleash the darker side of human nature is greatest in the absence of a democratic form of government. The author indicates that two mistakes were made in the leader, Ralph?s, election. His rise to power was more because of irrational reasons than any known or professed ability to protect and nurture the fledgling society, and establishing a social order that relies on the ability of only a single leader is problematic. The paper concludes that the novel's main message is that, unless the right to freedom of all human beings is respected, the world will continue to witness the suffering and misery caused by dictatorial and totalitarian regimes, such as those of Hitler and Stalin.
From the Paper "These initial mistakes are made apparent as the story unfolds and it is obvious that Ralph fails to live up to the responsibility entrusted to him, ultimately leading to his loss of power to Jack. Thus, "The Lord of the Flies" alerts its readers to "the possible negative impact on society of certain practices, desires, and arrangements of power"cautions us to proceed with care, altering our societies priorities.? As against establishing an autocratic form of government, if the fledging society had instead used rational reasoning, chances are that it would have formed a more democratic arrangement, where decisions were debated thoroughly and implemented only if there was a majority vote."
Abstract This paper analyzes the general concept of resistance and resistance to dictatorial regimes in southern Europe, with an emphasis on Spain under Franco and Greece in the 1960s and 1970s. It does this by examining three works: Mikis Theodorakis's "Journals of Resistance"; Sharon Roseman's "How We Built the Road: The Politics of Memory in Rural Galicia"; and Karen Van Dyck's "Power, Language and the Discourses of Dictatorship."
From the Paper "Understanding resistance also means asking what constitutes an act of resistance in such regimes. Roseman in particular examines this issue. In "How We Built the Road...", she considers the ways in which Spanish Galicians reconstruct history on a local level (through folklore, etc.) in response to state attempts to bring the citizenry under control. In doing so, she invokes Reed-Danahay's concept of d"brouillardise. "Acts of d"brouillardise,? she states, "often involve both partial accomodations and resistance to externally imposed material conditions and cultural meanings." (Roseman 1996, 837) It is questionable whether those who employ this "technique", which can be loosely translated as "muddling through", ought to be seen as active resistors. Alternately, we can understand their "resistance" as passive, or, as Roseman argues, acts may be reconstructed later as acts of resistance though they may not have been conceived of in this way at the time."
Abstract This paper examines the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union, which can be attributed to the fundamental ideological differences between totalitarian communism and capitalist democracy. This paper takes into account the dictatorial nature of the Soviet system and America's post-World War II emergence as a global superpower which derived this status due to a free market, capitalist economy; confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union was inevitable.
Abstract The paper discusses how William Glasser argues against what he sees are traditional, dictatorial remedies teachers and administrators use to address the problems of student learning in the classroom. Glasser applies his philosophy of psychiatry, known as the rational choice theory to school pedagogy and administration. The paper explains his theory that is designed to empower students, foster creativity amongst students and encourage all students to increase the level of personal investment in the quality of their work. The paper shows how Glasser aims to bring joy back to the classroom through group work and students' responsibility for the performance of other students.
From the Paper "Glasser's philosophy is designed to empower students, just as his philosophy was originally intended to empower workers in industry and clients in therapy to take responsibility for their own decisions, actions, and learning. His philosophy frees teachers, administrators, and managers from the responsibility of having to bear the responsibility for the quality of the work of their students, and the responsibility of controlling the actions of others an impossible task. Glasser's theory of the innate trustworthiness of individual's natural impulses for self-betterment, and his distrust of hierarchical, standard operating procedures in management reflects a fundamental paradigmatic shift assessing the roots of human unhappiness as well as a lack of productivity."
Abstract This paper analyses George Orwell's book '1984'. The book report presents an analysis of the two types of rebellion displayed by the main character, Winston Smith, against the dictatorial rule of 'Big Brother.' The paper includes quotations from the book and traces the form of revolution exemplified by the main character throughout the book.
From the Paper "The main character in George Orwell's book 1984 is Winston Smith, who exemplified the outcry for rebellion in a world completely dominated by one omnipotent ruler. Smith's rebellion against the state actually consisted of two stages. He succeeded in one stage but failed in the other. But both stages were originally based on one purpose: freedom."
Abstract The paper discusses who promotes and supports terrorism. The paper explains that members of a terrorist organization do not view themselves as promoters of hate and fear, but they call themselves fighters for noble, holy causes. The paper examines the dispute over resources within the Middle East, known as the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. The paper shows how in reality, terrorism has so little to do with protecting the rights of the oppressed and with true justice being served, but has so much to do with maintaining dictatorial regimes and protecting their dirty business and petty interests.
From the Paper "Terrorism refers to acts of generalized violence and harmful behaviors, for political, religious or ideological reasons, committed against civilians (Wikipedia, 2007) and individuals with no interest or any implication in the conflicts (non-combatants, uninterested party). Also, terrorism means managing terror for a specific purpose, inducing fear, causing neutral (relative to the supposed conflict) individuals to live their lives under constant threat. Every terrorist attack is a very good, thought-out plan to maximize the destruction and human loss, to increase terror in every way possible. Terrorism works at a psychological level, inducing constant concern, anxiety and a feeling of insecurity. Civilians are non-combatants (Wikipedia, 2007) in the conflict between activists and governments."
