Abstract The experiment discussed in this paper aims to generate experimentally the lead-tin phase diagram from various proportions of the two metals in this binary system. It involves the preparation and heating in a test tube of mixtures containing 90%Pb-10%Sn, 80%Pb-20%Sn, 60%Pb-40%Sn, 40%Pb-60%Sn, and 20%Pb-80%Sn. The paper explains that the experiment requires the use of a thermocouple to monitor the temperature reading every 5 seconds until it drops off to 160 degrees C. Five cooling curves (temperature versus time), 1 for each mixture are generated, taking notes on the points of arrest and the critical temperatures. The paper shows that the integration of all the cooling curves produces the lead-tin phase diagram. The paper includes diagrams.
Paper Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Experimental Section
Preparation of Set up and Samples
Experiment Proper
Results and Discussion
Conclusion
Recommendations
References
Appendix
From the Paper "The simplest phase diagrams are those of the binary alloys, a binary alloy being one that contains two components. In this type of phase diagram, temperature and composition are the variable parameters, the temperature usually being relegated to the y-axis and the composition to the x-axis (where the two composition scales of the two components run opposite to each other in magnitude, the 100% composition of each component coinciding with the 0% composition of the other component, and vice versa)."
Abstract The affinity diagram has become one of the most widely used of the Japanese management and planning tools for quality management. This paper compares this method to the scatter diagram, another strategy used for problem-solving, and shows how both are applied to workplace experience.
From the Paper "In working with an affinity diagram, a group of people begins with a brainstorming session on the topic under investigation. They then clarify the list of ideas, record them on small cards or Post-It notes, and randomly lay out cards on a table, flipchart, wall, etc.
Next, without speaking, the members sort the cards into "similar" groups of ideas. This process is repeated until a consensus is reached."
Abstract This paper is an examination of Mayan architecture which emerged from the rainforests of Guatemala and Yucatan. The writer maintains that the detailed architecture was a fitting monument to the highly sophisticated civilization that existed in the region before the Spanish arrived. This look at the style of Mayan architecture includes a diagram highlighting the areas of construction in Copan. The paper argues that Mayan culture was more than a collection of buildings in that every aspect of architecture was linked to the sacred world around. In conclusion the writer explains that the temple pyramid which symbolizes Mayan architectural skill is also a statement of their cosmographic ideas. Everything has a beginning and end. Everything is the beginning and the end.
From the Paper "Deep in the tangled rainforests of Guatemala and the Yucatan, the Maya made some of the greatest contributions to world architecture. Their stone cities complete with temples, palaces, tombs, and ball courts are fitting monuments to the complex, and highly sophisticated civilization that existed in these regions many centuries before the arrival of the Spanish. Mayan priest-astronomers made elaborate calculations to catalog the passage of time. Great warrior kings immortalized themselves and their deeds on stelae, recording for future generations the contributions they had made toward maintaining the cosmic order. The Maya were the only Pre-Columbian people to ever have invented a complete system of writing".
Tags: emerged, rainforests, detailed, civilization, monument, diagram, sacred, buildings, construction
Abstract This paper explains that quality control procedures are particularly useful in business, when properly deployed, because they can help managers to transform incomprehensibly varied or difficult data into more understandable information. The author states that histograms, which depict the number or proportion of data points falling into any particular given class, can be easily understood by the naked eye of laypeople, but they also can be manipulated very easily to yield false impressions because of their seductively seamless appearance. The paper points out that the check sheet is a data-gathering and interpretation tool used for distinguishing between fact and opinion, gathering data about how often a problem is occurring and gathering data about the type of problem occurring.
Table of Contents
Issues and Organizational Examples
Histograms
Cause and Effect Diagrams Check Sheets
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper "In the competitive atmosphere of the business world today, it is not simply enough to have a good idea of what the present may hold for one's company or one's own personal investments. It is also important to develop organizational strategies and production goals with an eye upon the future. Critical to creating a proper decision-making strategy is the use of proper quality control tools to improve the strategy-creating process. Indeed, as noted by the authors Katherine Manley and S. Sytsma, the quality-control processes of histograms, cause and effect diagrams, and check sheets can and are frequently used to aid in any kind of process, but particularly in regards to organizational quality control in the corporate world."
Abstract This paper discusses the linkage of theory-research and theory practice. The author delineates each level of the theory and provides supportive documentation for all statements, postulates, claims, and other notions central to the presented theory. The paper explores a nursing diagram based on the development of a middle-range nursing theory related to coping with chronic illness.
From the Paper "One promising approach to strengthening theory-research and theory-practice linkages is to place greater emphasis on developing and using theories of the middle range to underpin nursing research and practice. The authors define middle range theories as moderately abstract inclusive organized within a limited scope with a limited number of variables, which are testable in a direct manner. The mid-range theories are said to have a stronger relationship with research and practice. This paper presents a nursing ..."
The author of this paper argues that the required writing exercises of diagramming sentences and writing journal entries in school are a useful and helpful method of teaching writing skills.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 2 sources, 2006, $ 26.95
Abstract This paper revisits two unhappy memories of exercises done while in grade school and/or high school: the diagramming of sentences and the writing of journal entries. The paper then attempts to persuade the reader that these two activities, while not seen as fun or helpful at the time, were in fact very useful in the writer's development and learning. It is then argued that these same two activities are valid and useful with today's students.
From the Paper "There are two exercises that I was asked, no forced, to do when I was in grade school and high school that seemed so ridiculous and tawdry at the time that I can still remember my distaste and displeasure whenever they were assigned. I am sure these two activities bring back such unpleasant memories to many people of my age. They are sentence-diagramming and journal-writing. Yet, despite how much I loathed doing either of these while I was a burgeoning student and writer, despite how awful I thought they were, I have come to realize that each activity was quite useful in my development and learning. This essay will argue that sentence-diagramming and journal-writing were both sound steps in this writer's development and could also benefit students of today. The first of these two activities is still mentioned with scorn and even terror from most ex-students' lips even today."
Abstract This document is a design proposal created according to the requirements of the system requirements specification document for an emergency dispatching system for the State of Victoria. The design proposal details how the system will log incoming calls to police, fire, ambulance and state emergency services, send dispatching requests to various services, monitor resource allocation and status and provide complete auditing facilities. The paper is written largely in point form and has many graphics.
Table of Contents:
1. Overall Description of the Proposed Design
1.1. Incident Calls and Information Gathering
1.2. Resource Allocation
1.3. Communication With Emergency Units
1.4. Auditing System
1.5. Conclusion
2. Constraints
3. Functional Requirements
3.1 Requirement - Incoming Call Screen
3.2 Requirement - Timer Initiation and Ending
3.3 Requirement - Dispatch Unit Screen
3.4 Requirement - Submit Incident Report to Auditing Subsystem
3.5 Requirement - Secure Access to System
3.6 Requirement - Description of Incident
3.7 Requirement - Cancel Incident Response
3.8 Requirement - Search and View Incident Log Records
3.9 Requirement - Issue Monthly Summary Report of Operations
3.10 Requirement - Status of Mobile Unit
3.11 Requirement - Communications
3.12 Requirement - Restore Unit to Operational Status
3.13 Requirement - Estimated Cost of Incident
3.14 Requirement - Interface to First Aid Databases
3.15 Requirement - Advise Hospital of Organ Donors
8. Structure Diagram 4. Data Flow Diagrams (DFDs)
4.1 Context Diagram 4.2 Diagram 0
4.3 Diagram 1
4.4 Diagram 1
4.5 Diagram 1
4.5 Diagram 1
5. Screen Designs
5.1 Incoming Call Screen
5. 2 Dispatch Screen
6. Hardware Requirements
7. Data Migration
8. Estimates
9. Estimated Costs and Benefits of the New System
9.1 Hardware and Software Costs
9.2 Labour/Manpower Costs
9.3 Tangible Benefits of the New System
9.4 Intangible Benefits of the New System
10. Test Plan
From the Paper "The new system is composed of 4 sub-systems which provide a complete and accurate response to emergency incidents, both in the field and in the no less important realm of auditing. The auditing system is of prime importance to the Victorian Government as by law it must assess the Emergency Services to ascertain if they are functioning in an efficient manner and at a suitable level."
Tags: allocation, auditing, design, information, resource, response, system
Abstract This paper provides a comparative analysis of the human resource management systems used in Japan and Germany predominantly making use of the Harvard model which is included as a diagram. Areas used for comparison are extensive and include culture, laws, management philosophy, decision making and trade unions to mention but a few. A diagram of the Japanese style of HRM is also included.
From the Paper:
"Increased interest in international human resource management has led to the classification of its processes and influences. One particular classification or framework is that of the Map of Human Resource Territory, later adopting the name of the Harvard Model, which was designed by Beer, Spector, Lawrence, Mills and Walton in 1984. This model is useful as it accepts that there are differing approaches to the employment relationship. Indeed Porter argues that the model has potential for comparative analysis. The Harvard model illustrates that there are a variety of stakeholders in an organization including shareholders, various groups of employees, the government and the community. It recognizes the legitimate interests of these various groups and that the creation of HRM strategies should recognise these interests and combine them as much possible into the strategy of the business. Indeed the Harvard model is fundamentally both prescriptive and analytical. It is important to bear in mind however that the ideas put forward by the model are arguably based on the American culture. This is important to remember when using the model as an analytical framework to compare other countries."
Reviews book on the complex reality of how a bill becomes a law, as opposed to the simple ideal taught in school, focusing on the 1990 School Dropout Assistance Act.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 1 source, 1999, $ 55.95
Abstract Every high school civics textbook has a version of a diagram entitled something like "How a bill becomes law." The diagram outlines the formal stages through which a piece of legislation is enacted, as prescribed by the Constitution and the rules of the two houses of Congress.
From the Paper "How a Bill Really Becomes Law
Every high school civics textbook has a version of a diagram entitled something like "How a bill becomes law." The diagram outlines the formal stages through which a piece of legislation is enacted, as prescribed by the Constitution and the rules of the two houses of Congress.
A measure is introduced, in one house or the other (subject to constitutional restrictions, such as that a spending bill must originate in the House). It is referred to the appropriate committee in the house where it is introduced, and then to a subcommittee. Hearings are held, amendments are voted on, and eventually the measure as amended is voted out of the subcommittee and then the full committee, with a recommendation in favor or opposed to its passage by the full body. If the committee ..."
Abstract The paper explains that some of the critical issues facing Faith Community Hospital, which the hospital needs to address, are basic financial problems; the conflict between the organization's spiritual heritage and values and the ethics of the medical profession; non-compliance with government, managed care, insurance regulations, and non-adherence to hospital operational policies. The author points out that Faith Community Hospital has an organizational management problem, which needs to be thoroughly analyzed rather than tyring to solve the various problems piecemeal. The paper states that, although the mission statement of Faith Community Hospital implies a broad goal of promoting the health and well-being of the people it serves within a framework of spiritual values, it can be inferred that the organization suffers from an absence of clear-cut policies and goals that are specific, measurable, targeted, and time-specific.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Identifying the Key Issues
Organizational Mission, Culture and Processes
Organizational Goals
Defining the Problem
The Mission Statement
The Absence of Clearly Defined Organizational Goals
Alternative Strategies
Alternative 1
Alternative 2
Recommendation
Conclusion
Appendix 1: Affinity Diagram Appendix 2: Fishbone Diagram
From the Paper "The mission statement plays a critical role in setting direction and laying the foundation for the culture and goals of any organization. Indeed, this is clearly expressed in Hyrum Smith's model of instructive goal setting, which is commonly referred to as Smith's ?Success Triangle.? This model places an organization's governing values at the base of the goal setting process and recommends that goals must be linked to specific governing values in order to be meaningful and to help the organization achieve its mission (Parker, 2003). The mission statement of Faith Community Hospital appears to adhere to the strategic principles inherent in Smith's "Success Triangle" to the extent that it clearly emphasizes the organization's commitment to promoting the health and well-being of the people in the communities it serves, using its spiritual heritage and values as the foundation. However, since spiritual values can vary vastly across religions and individual beliefs, Faith's mission statement has led to broad individual interpretations that have, in turn, led to an organizational culture, which allows too much leeway for individual decision-making. This is evident in the anecdotal cases cited by the CEO of doctors independently deciding to either treat patients pro bono or insisting on insurance coverage prior to commencement of treatment; the pharmacist filling prescriptions for uninsured patients; and the inconsistency in adhering to hospital policy in areas such as "Do Not Resuscitate" (DNR) decisions."
Abstract This paper evaluates the London Ambulance service and its CAD (Computer Aided Dispatch) project with reference to five stages of project management, linking the theories prescribed and the actual practice. Suggestions and solutions are offered at all stages. The paper includes diagrams.Table of Contents
Abstract
Introduction
Overview of London Ambulance Service
Brief Overview of the Subject
Defining the LAS CAD Project
Creating the Project Strategy
Detailed Planning of LAS CAD Project
Base Design
Cost and Schedule
Contract Terms and Conditions
Development of CAD Project
Implementation and Control of LAS CAD
System Problems
Change Management
HR and Training
Cultural Issues
Review and Learning
Ideal Project Management Solutions for LAS CAD and Conclusion
Appendix I : Cause and Effect Diagram Appendix II : Problem and Cause Analysis
List of References
Bibliography
From the Paper "Thus the implementation process actually required certain changes to be made within the workplace, but those areas of change were not focused on properly. Some of the important changes, as spotted by Sommerville (2004) in his case study, are: Re-configuring the control room, using only system proposed resource allocators and separate allocators for different call sources. These changes would have paved theway for an efficient implementation, but the changes were not well communicated and hence the new practices seem to have come as a surprise to most of the staff. The PMBOK guide (2000), when discussing communications planning, states: "Communication planning involves determining the information and communications needs of the stake holders: who needs what information, when they will need it, how it will be given to them and by whom"(p.119)."
Abstract This paper explains that the purpose of this database is to provide a means by which sales-persons can track contact information about potential customers including the history for each customer contact. The author relates that this database will be relational, using the Oracle database and will be interfaced with other existing database systems, primarily the employee database. The paper states that the data consistency is maintained in this system by means of the system assignment of values, validation of entries and limitations on access. Charts and diagram.
Table of Contents
Database Overview
Business Requirements
Interfaces
Consistency and Validation
Screens and Reports
Tables
1. Customer
2. Customer History
3. Employee
4. Sales Territories
5. City
6. State
7. Phone Number
Entity Relationship Diagram
From the Paper "The main business requirement is to allow salespersons access to customer information. Salespersons need to be able to find the customer's phone number and address, but they will have only the authority to add to the Phone Number table, if the customer's number is not already in the table. They also need to be able to view and update the Customer History. Employees may add customers and phone numbers, but they may not delete them. They will not have update authority on sales territories. They also will have no authority to update the City or State tables, except to relate a Customer to City."
This paper deals exclusively with nature of solar power, detailing both its most basic theories and common applications. Diagrams and illustrations are included.
2,019 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 8 sources, 1998, $ 63.95
Abstract This paper explains the theory behind the carnot cycle. It also goes through the influence of Nicholas-Leonard-Sadi Carnot, William Thomson (Lord Kelvin), and Rudolf Clausius. The paper includes pictures and diagrams as supplements to the text.
From the Paper "All of the heat input is supplied at a single high temperature and all the heat output is rejected at a single lower temperature. The Carnot cycle is completely reversible since there are no "one way" processes such as explosions or throttling actions. The isothermal and adiabatic processes of the Carnot cycle are idealizations of actual processes. The direction of either process may be reversed by only a slight change in the external pressure. In addition, there is no friction present and the working substance is always extremely close to equilibrium."
Tags: carnot, clausius, cycle, engine, heat, kelvin, lord, rudolf
From the Paper "A solid-liquid phase diagram was constructed for a naphthalene - diphenylamine system. The phase diagram was constructed using the procedure known as thermal analysis. Thermal analysis allows for the determination of phase boundaries. A graph of the phase boundaries was then plotted versus mole fraction of naphthalene. From the graph the eutectic composition of the system was determined to be 0.39 + 0.1 moles of naphthalene and 0.61 + 0.1 moles of diphenylamine. The ln of mole fractions of naphthalene were then plotted versus 1/Temperature and from these graphs the heat of fusion and melting temperature for Ha and Hb were determined to be 99.49 + 2.0 KJ/mol and 17.38 KJ/mol, respectively. The Ta and Tb were determined to be 29.0 + 2.0 oC and 81.4 + 2.0 oC, respectively."
