Abstract
This paper summarizes the research on diagnosing autism. The paper addresses assessment and the use of the DSM-IV for autism diagnosis. The paper also studies difficulties with diagnosis and differential diagnosis, including the need for a multiple axial diagnosis. The paper concludes that parent-pediatrician partnerships are critical to making an early autism diagnosis.

Tags:autism diagnosis, DSM-IV, parent, pediatrician

Abstract
The paper explains that the use of psychiatric diagnosis is intended to provide a basis for understanding the mental state of the patient and this basis is used while gathering additional information about the patient's world to aid in treatment. The paper discusses how there is no question, however, that many within society and throughout the psychological and psychiatric realm use a psychiatric diagnosis as a label that neatly classifies people for life and that causes those within society to treat those with mental illness in negative ways. The paper looks at how Rosenhan (1973) argues that because of this labeling the psychiatric diagnosis is ineffective, yet, Spitzer (1976) adamantly opposes this view, contending that the psychiatric diagnosis is useful in creating a foundation of knowledge for the work of the psychiatrist and patient collaboratively. The paper concludes that although these views appear to conflict with one another, they are both correct because it is the person focusing on the psychiatric diagnosis that will determine its use and how they intend to impact the patient with it.

Tags:psych, diagnosis, edu

Abstract
The paper looks at how Spitzer (1976) states that the purpose of psychiatric diagnosis is to "enable mental health professionals to communicate with each other about the subject matter of their concern, comprehend the pathological processes involved...and control psychiatric disorders" (p. 465). The paper discusses how throughout society, however, there are those that contend that this purpose cannot be accomplished on a consistently accurate basis.

Tags:psych, diagnosis, edu

Abstract
This paper is a case study of an autistic seven-year-old boy, Joey, which includes background, diagnosis, and interventions, including the cognitive behavioral and humanistic approaches.

From the Paper
"Leo Kanner in ... was the first to describe children's behaviors as autistic disturbance of affective contact, observing that the most notable features of this condition were obsessive and stereotypic behaviors accompanied by echolalia. (Coffey Obringer). Autism is a pervasive developmental disorder characterised by abnormalities in the development of language communication abilities and social interactions and by a pattern of restricted play and behaviour which tends to be highly repetitive, unimaginative and rigid. (Smeeth, Hall, Fombonne, Rodrigues, Huang Smith) With autism, although diagnosis generally..."

Tags:autism, cognitive behavioral approach, humanistic approach, candida, wellness, diagnosis, background, intervention

Abstract
The paper outlines how this chapter from the DSM-IV Guidebook examines a number of conceptual issues related to psychiatry and how a practicing psychiatrist should approach a diagnosis of a particular mental disease. The paper specifically summarizes the two sub-headings, the authors' discussion of the term "mental disorder", descriptive syndromal diagnosis and the reasons why mental disorders are even classified in the first place. Finally, the paper looks at the authors' caution that users must be flexible and clinically practical when diagnosing any mental illness, not taking DSM-IV rules and paradigms beyond their own clinical judgment and experience.

From the Paper
"The first sub-heading "Epistemology of the Diagnostic Endeavor" offers a simple analogy to the psychiatrist in the form of umpires who see balls and strikes in a game of baseball as very different in terms of epistemology or the "study of the nature of knowledge and how it is experienced and organized in the human mind" (Denison, 2003, p. 245). Thus, the nature of reality and knowledge, at least for the psychiatrist, "has profound implications for understanding the nature of psychiatric classification" (DSM-IV Guidebook, 1995, p. 14) regarding how to approach a diagnosis of a mental illness in a patient. Overall, one might ask the question, "Do psychiatric disorders exist as entities in nature (i.e., occurring naturally) or do they arise as mental constructs created in the minds of the classifiers?" (DSM-IV Guidebook, 1995, p. 14).
"The second sub-heading explores the definition of a mental disorder which Walter D. Glanze sees as "any disturbance of emotional equilibrium as manifested in maladaptive behavior and impaired functioning," caused by genetics, physical, chemical, biological, psychologic and/or cultural/social factors (2000, p. 741). According to the DSM-IV guidebook, a mental disorder is merely a human concept which "lacks a consistent operational definition that covers all situations" which might arise in the office of a psychiatrist. In other words, a mental illness, such as schizophrenia, bi-polar/depression, ADHD or some type of disorder associated with substance abuse, cannot be fully diagnosed by simply relying upon poorly-defined psychological entities or constructs which oftentimes only discuss traditional ideas of Western culture related to biology, treatment and testing."

Tags:mental, disorders, classification

Abstract
This paper looks at the diagnostic system for evaluating ADHD and explains the causes and symptoms of ADHD. The writer also discusses the current trends in the diagnosis and treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The paper shows that behavior therapy alone has only a limited effect on symptoms or functioning of children with ADHD, although combining behavior therapy with medication seems to improve functioning and may decrease the amount of (stimulant) medication needed.

Outline:
Introduction: Psychological Disorders
Diagnostic Systems and General Criteria: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders- IV Edition (DSM-IV)
International Statistical Classification of Disease and Related Health Manual (ICD - 10)
DSM - IV Categories of Psychological Disorders
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder or ADHD
Causes of ADHD
Symptoms of ADHD: Inattention, Hyperactivity, Impulsivity.
Current Trends in Diagnosis of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Current Trends in Treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

From the Paper
"Psychological disorders create imbalance in our mental health and cause mental illness. The term "mental illness" is used to describe the more severe types of mental health disorders. Less severe mental health problems are known as "disorders" or "syndromes" rather than "illness".
Mental disorders are considered as a major public health problem, thus, health services play an important role regarding their management. A World Health Organization (WHO) study of the global burden of disease assessed that "mental disorders make up five of the ten leading causes of disability". Since the management of these disorders takes place to a great extent in general practice and primary care settings, it is important to determine the effectiveness of current trends in diagnostic and treatment. According to Epidemiological studies conducted by the National Institute of Mental Health, NIMH the Centers for Disease Control, CDC) in 1970s, about 15% of the population in the U.S. experience a serious psychological disorder. It further increases to 25% when milder problems with drug & alcohol abuse are considered as a part of the study."

Tags:mental, health, problems, children, teens, inattention, hyperactivity

Abstract
This essay discusses issues surrounding somatization, a relatively rare disorder in which the sufferer experiences physical symptoms that cannot be explained by disease. The essay explores the causative factors, the diagnosis, occurrence and symptoms, the genetics and biology involved in the disorder as well as treatment and best-practice modalities to discuss how treatments can be made more effective. The paper finds that a more multidisciplinary approach would lead to a better understanding and more effective treatment of this disorder.

Outline:
Overview and Definition
Diagnosis, Occurrence and Symptoms
Causative Factors
Culture and Other Related Factors
Genetics and Biology
Treatment and Best-Practice Modalities

From the Paper
"The symptoms of this disorder also have a severely detrimental impact on the patient's life and usually results in "...substantial personal, social, and occupational impairment...and are not feigned or voluntarily produced, as in malingering or factitious disorder." (Eifert & Zvolensky, 2005, p. 282) As noted, the history of these physical complaints in most cases occurs before the age of thirty and continues over a period of several years. (Cohen, 2003, p. 373) Somitization disorder is also known to have negative economic and financial consequences. (Eifert & Zvolensky, 2005, p. 281)"

Tags:disorder, psychological, treatment, therapy

Abstract
This paper discusses diabetes; what it is, how it is treated, symptoms, complications, and statistics of who has the disease. The paper asserts that education on the diagnosis of diabetes, types of diabetes, scope and impact of diabetes, who gets diabetes, and the treatment of diabetes is important for everyone who might have diabetes or have a family member who has diabetes.

From the Paper
"Approximately 20.8 million children and adults have diabetes in the United States with 14.6 having been diagnosed and 6.2 million people not even aware they have the illness (Diabetes Information). Education on the diagnosis of diabetes, types of diabetes, who gets diabetes, complications, and the treatment of diabetes is important for everyone who might have diabetes or have a family member who has diabetes. Definition of Diabetes Knowing what diabetes is important in helping people who may not be aware that they have the disease. "Diabetes is a disease in which the body does...""

Tags:diabetes, treatment, complications

Abstract
The writer conducts this study in order to determine whether problems existed in the target organization (TO). The paper also discovers the source of any problems identified. A large prepackaged computer software applications firm located in the Los Angeles area is the target of an organizational diagnosis (OD). The organization agreed to participate in the study, and the results of the study are presented in this paper.

From the Paper
"The OD performed on the TO was structured within the framework of the Organizational Diagnosis Questionnaire (ODQ) developed by Preziosi (1980). This framework provides for the conduct of OD along seven dimensions. The hypothesis tested in the OD of the participating TO was that the source of problems existing with respect to any of the seven dimensions would be found in the variations of perspectives of personnel in the TO according to organizational status. Organizational status, as the independent variable, was defined operationally as management, professional staff, or other staff. The dependent variable in the hypothesis were the mean scores on the seven dimensions of the ODQ."

Tags:profit, study, problems, hypothesis, prepackaged

Abstract
Many of the injuries treated by physical therapists involve conducting orthopedic assessments. In order for these evaluations to be effective, the physical therapist must be well-versed in selecting and applying the various assessment techniques required for orthopedic injuries. To this end, this paper provides a review of how orthopedic differential diagnosis can be used to help improve the assessment and treatment of physical therapy patients, followed by a summary of the research in the conclusion.

From the Paper
"Physical therapy is typically concerned with the treatment of chronic disabilities and with the restoration of normal functioning to the disabled through physical modes of treatment, such as exercise. This medical specialty area is generally focused on rehabilitating people who have been disabled by pain or ailments that affect the motor functions of the body. Physical medicine is one of a wide variety of treatment modalities that are employed to assist these patients to return to a comfortable and productive life, often in spite of a chronic medical problem."

Tags:based, evidence, locomotor, practice