Abstract
This paper analyzes whether dissociative identity disorder (DID), also known by its older designation to lay people as multiple personality disorder (MPD) or split personality, really exists. It discusses the disease's diagnosis and pathogenesis and the problems with differential diagnoses. The paper suggests that the diagnosis of DID should be guarded, preferably made as a diagnosis of exclusion. The paper also contains an annotated bibliography.

From the Paper
"However, Merckelbach, Devilly and Rassin's review of the alters in DID effectively challenge the prevailing support for DID in calling into question the very nature of the claimed multiple personality. The authors sought a better definition of the multiple identities associated with DID. They assert that, as opposed to unconvincing evidence of the existence of alters ranging from acceptance due to their mutually exclusive memories to distinct documented physiological profiles (fMRI, EEG), these personalities can alternately be seen as emotional metaphors and escapist thought (Merckelbach, Devilly and Rassin 486-490). Needless to say, there is very little consensus among the psychiatric community on what the alters actually are, in large part due to the lack of a control group and a further lack of knowledge regarding memory function (Merckelbach, Devilly and Rassin 492). Furthermore, their research supports the claim in showing that there can be no absolutely reliable diagnosis of DID because the "personalities" themselves cannot be proven to be real alter-identities."

Tags:pathogenisis, differential, diagnosis, multiple, personality, disorder, split, mental

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to discuss whether the childhood mental disorders of depression and bipolar disorder are under-or over-diagnosed in the population. It is argued here that both childhood depression and bipolar disorder with childhood onset are under-diagnosed. The paper discusses each disorder separately and makes the case for under-diagnosis. However, it should be noted that some of the arguments supporting under-diagnosis are the same for both conditions.

From the Paper
"The purpose of this paper is to discuss whether the childhood mental disorders of depression and bipolar disorder are under or over-diagnosed in the population. It is argued here that both childhood depression and bipolar disorder with childhood onset are under-diagnosed. The paper discusses each disorder separately and makes the case for under-diagnosis. However, it should be noted that some of the arguments that support under-diagnosis are the same for both conditions."

Tags:childhood depression, bipolar disorder with childhood onset

Abstract
This paper begins by describing sinusitis as the swelling of the paranasal tissues, which can be caused by either communicable or allergic symptoms. The purpose of this paper is to see if x-rays are necessary in diagnosing this condition. The paper explains how x-rays work and, therefore, why they can be useful in obtaining a correct diagnosis in the case of sinusitis.

From the Paper
"Sinusitis is basically classified into chronic and acute cases, in which the acute sinusitis involves abnormal secretion and production of mucous, which is a lot similar to cystic fibrosis. This is diagnosed after noticing the air fluid levels in the sinuses after an x-ray. It has been noticed that patients who are suffering from an immunodeficiency diseases like HIV or AIDS are more prone to this acute sinusitis. Chronic sinusitis on the other hand can be diagnosed if the patient has had a sinus infection for more than three weeks to three months. There are different causes for chronic sinusitis that could be allergies, asthma, nasal polyps, and damp weather. The nasal sinus wall thickening and the body sclerosis noticed while x-rays are its best symptoms. This disease can affect a lot of the general population."

Tags:nasal, acute, cough, cold, throat

Abstract
The writer of this paper contends that a sure sign a child may have a learning disability is when his or her academic achievement is significantly lower than his or her overall cognitive ability would predict. This paper analyzes the growing evidence which states that genetics may play a role in assessing whether or not a child has a learning disability. This paper discusses the difficulty in correctly diagnosing learning disabilities while researchers and specialists claim that cerebral dysfunction may be a contributing factor, although this has yet to be confirmed. This paper examines the various forms of treatment which have proven successful yet must be tailored to meet the needs of each child. The writer stresses and explains that in order for treatment to be successful general education teachers and specialists must work together using a problem-solving approach.

Table of Contents:
Early Signs of Learning Disabilities
Causes
Assessment
Treatment
Learning Disabilities and Inclusion
Bibliography

From the Paper
"Because learning disabilities can take so many forms, determining the cause can be difficult. Researchers assume some form of cerebral dysfunction, but often the precise reason for this cannot be identified. Some things that my contribute include trauma during birth, low birth weight, smoking by the mother while pregnant or alcohol consumption by the expected mother. Lead exposure in early child can be a contributor as 50% of children with documented lead poisoning show reading problems. Other contributors include some illnesses, such as some forms of meningitis, and chronic ear infections have been tied to some learning and communication problems."

Tags:special, education, testing, cerebral, dysfunction, therapy, treatment, teachers, specialists

Abstract
This paper is on diagnosing organizations. It is a critical synthesis paper explaining what the diagnosis is about and then it talks about what it is good for. It then describes a few methods of carrying out the diagnosis.

Abstract
This research provides a lesson plan on how to teach upper-level undergraduate students methods to diagnose problems within an organization. The research is structured to fill a four hour class and includes elements that are meant to help management students develop a strategy for evaluating organizational dislocations and forecasting optimal methods of resolving problems that they have created. The paper includes additional resources to assist in the class.

From the Paper
"The idea behind such surveys initially was to spot worker-related gaps in productivity and global competitiveness, but it was determined early on that influencing people productivity implied a need for more management attention to the effect of organization policy, praxis, and priorities on the working expreience of employees (Resnick and Brown 10-11, et passim). As of the late 1990s, the idea is to take the professional and personal pulse of the work force "culture" as an aspect of Total Quality Management and adding value to operations, with a view toward defusing potentially damaging problems of organizational dynamics (Zeitz, et al., 414ff)."

Tags:experiment, solving, resolve, management

Abstract
This paper identifies a management problem within an operational system in Abexogroup International. It uses appropriate operating/systematic/cybernetic planning, control principles and concepts to diagnose the nature of the problem that exists. It also provides clear recommendations as to how the problem might be resolved. Diagrams.

Outline
Executive Summary of Abexogroup International
Introduction
Issue of Operations Management in Emerging Markets
In-House Operations Management Related Issues
Analysis and Recommendations
Conclusion
Appendix - History and Development of Operations Management

From the Paper
"The new, more effective approach to taking Abexobank global is to do extensive homework regarding culture, distributors, suppliers, and customers before placing operations in a foreign land. Successful globalisation today requires investing time and energy to understand the nature of business in those countries and to methodically build a presence from the ground up. Abexobank works closely with bureaucrats, entrepreneurs, social groups, and other potential customers at the grassroots level. This is one of the primary reasons why the bank would survive in a new market like China. Extensive research and homework has been done for the China markets and a lot of local staff has been roped in to cater to the changes in culture, value and language."

Tags:operating, systematic, cybernetic, planning

Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that diagnosis with ODD/CD must not be allowed to become a crutch or a free license to produce behaviors that can be altered through treatment and normal cognitive developmental growth. The writer also points out that on the other hand, lack of a diagnosis should not challenge a child (and his or her parents) from getting treatment and services they need. The writer discusses that very educated, experienced and highly skilled diagnosticians should always be employed to make diagnostic determinations with children. The writer concludes that real environmental factors such as major home changes, unresolved grief or limitations of parenting time need to be addressed and ruled out prior to an assessment for ODD/CD or at the least as an aspect of assessment.

From the Paper
"The difficulties of defining and diagnosing ODD as well as other Conduct Disorders in general are many and varied, not the least of which is the subjective nature of the behaviors themselves. While some parents, caretakers or educators could clearly evaluate ODD/CD symptoms in almost the entire population of a class many are reluctant to accept definitive diagnosis, as it tends to follow students and does not always take into consideration that ODD/CD symptoms may very well be associated with a real environmental challenge the child is facing. Some examples of such situations are profound grief, related to loss of friends, family members or even beloved pets or objects (depending on age). Additionally, children are highly sensitive to social conditions and if they change they may exhibit disruptive behavior as a way to seek attention. Some of these same people (parents, caregivers and educators) might also say that there is a clear difference between ODD/CD kids and normal children experiencing temporary or even persistent environmental reactions, as with ODD/CD kids they cannot isolate reason and none can be found."

Tags:symptoms, behavior, growth, treatment

Abstract
The paper relates that the DSM-IV is a manual for assessing various forms of pschyological and educational problems, where a specific format is employed for diagnosing and describing a problem. The paper describes Daniel as a 4th grade student being diagnosed for problems with inattentiveness and hyperactivity. The paper shows how the report contains information on his appearance, presenting problem, developmental history, mental status multiaxial and differential assessment.

From the Paper
"Daniel is an, energetic 10-year-old Caucasian male. The youngest of 3 children, "Danny" is a fourth grader, attending a suburban elementary school located in northern Westchester County, New York. He lives in the family's four-bedroom home on a tree-lined street of single and two family houses. Appearance Daniel is 4'8" tall and weighs 94 pounds. With short, reddish blonde hair, grey eyes and freckles he appears to be in good physical health except for..."

Tags:adhd, hyperactivity, inattentiveness

Abstract
This paper discusses how sexual sadism is a rarely diagnosed disorder and how the majority of research conducted pertains to sexual offenders due to their availability. It looks at how sadists derive pleasure from torturing and inflicting pain on nonconsenting persons for sexual arousal. The paper also examines how many serial killers have engaged in sadistic behaviors and how sexually sadistic individuals are not compelled by sex but by anger, aggression, and fantasy.

Outline:
Introduction
Diagnostic Criteria
About Sexual Sadism
Who Becomes a Sadist?
Treatment for a Sadist
Implications for Social Work

From the Paper
"Sexual sadism was named after a French author who lived from 1740 to 1814, Donatien-Alphonse-Francois de Sade, better known as Marquis de Sade. He wrote numerous books that involved inflicting pain and harm during sexual activities. In 1898 Krafft-Ebing recognized the practice as a sexual perversion consisting of strong impulses to engage in sexual activity (Monstropedia, 2007). He published the first collection of sexual case histories and sex crimes in 1886. The term "sadism" was introduced in later versions. Freud then made sadism an integral part of psychoanalysis. He called it "the most common and important of all perversions" (Monstropedia, 2007). Although Freud often changed his theories around sadism, it was assumed to be a sign of incomplete or incorrect sexual development as a child (Monstropedia, 2007)."

Tags:Marquis, de, Sade, sex, offenders