Abstract This paper first describes diabetes and then discusses some methods in which blood glucose is monitored. Within this discussion, the author addresses the benefits of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in diabeticpatients. The author also discusses the latest research addressing types of CGM systems available, and possible plans for the future in diabetic glucose monitoring. Lastly, this paper talks about the startling benefits of the supplement Alpha lipoic acid and how this drug benefits the body of a diabeticpatient.
From the Paper "There is currently new research being performed on the possibility of developing an artificial pancreas, which could help overcome what we now lack in insulin therapy. An artificial pancreas would act in the same way, as closely as possible, as a healthy pancreas would act. It would detect different levels of blood glucose and then respond appropriately to secret proper amounts of insulin to adjust those glucose levels in the blood."
Tags: hyperglycemia awareness, artificial pancreas, neuropathy, renal function
Abstract This paper looks at the use of sildenafil (Viagra) to improve flow-mediated dilatation in the brachial artery. The paper focuses on the effects of this medicinally-induced dilatation on individuals suffering from Type II diabetes. The paper also discusses the effect of Viagra on endothelial cell function, which, in particular, is occluded in diabetespatients. The paper references a recent study on this topic conducted by the University of Tulane Health and Sciences Center.
Abstract This study explores the effects of implementing a method that the current trend of technology may suggest in recording the daily activities of patients of diabetes. This study suggests the use of an online journal that allows the diabetics to record their daily consumption of foods, as well as the activities that they perform daily. Such types of records are important to physicians and diabetes specialists to provide them a scheme that allows them to monitor their patients? activities as related to their health. This study evaluates how an online journal can help and support the diabetespatients, as well as their doctors, in keeping an eye on their health condition. Comparing on the current manual method of recording activities, this study aims to assess the value of combining the treatment programs and processes taken by the diabetics with a health monitoring method that is more convenient and can be more interesting for the patients.
From the Paper "One of the routines that diabetes patients must perform is the recording of their food intakes and daily activities. This is important in order to compute the amount of calories, fat, etc., that they put in their body as well as how their body functions. Most of the diabetes patients, at present, perform this task manually. Such critical information and records are being written and are then brought in during clinical sessions. However, as found by some studies, and proven by the patients? response in bringing records of their daily activities and food consumptions, this process is rarely followed by the diabetes patients. Hence, as a consequence, the process of treating the illness does not become efficient and effective due to lack of reference on the patient's health and body functioning from which the succeeding medication and treatment is based."
Abstract This paper explains that the objective of both the interview and the assessment is to gain knowledge so that the patient and family learn what resources and choices they have in order to achieve greater control over the patient's chronic illness, diabetes. The author points out that the sudden development of the patient's diabetes without any warning symptoms combined with the sudden complication she faces, underscore that type 2 diabetes is one of the most complicated illnesses that health care providers encounter in primary care. The paper stresses that seeing the illness from the family's perspective ensures that the needs and concerns are identified properly and are given the right priority. The author believes that she needs to work on her communication skills to elicit illness narratives because the quality of information depends on effective communication.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Interview with Mr. and Mrs. Banar
Family Feedback
Analysis of Perceptions and Impact of Chronic Illness
The Canadian Diabetes Association
Author's Reaction to Interview
Appendix: Family Assessment
Appendix: Confidentiality Agreement
From the Paper "It is not only the physical aspects of diabetes that create an impact. Psychosocial factors also play a very important role in the family management of diabetes. Diabetes can be difficult to manage in families because any negative psychosocial functioning in the family will affect adherence to the regimen along with glycemic control. In order to achieve control over diabetes, it is not just the patient but the involvement of the entire family that is needed. It can be observed that Mrs. Banar is supported by his wife, and this family further is supported by members of the extended family."
Abstract This paper describes how patient education is implemented form a nursing care perspective. This paper focuses on diabetic foot care. It details what will be needed in carrying out patient education, using a multi-modality and return demo approach. It also explains the steps to take in order to implement teaching. It is emphasized that the patient must accept his illness in order to maximize learning, which may become a major impediment in promoting foot care education.
From the Paper "It cannot be emphasized enough how important foot care in diabetics is. In addition, it is one of the easiest preventive measures to teach diabetic patients. The most dreaded complications arising from the lack of proper foot care can range from toe, foot or leg amputation, which is more common than blindness (International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot, in Young, 2005). Taking this into consideration, it may well be the most cost-effective preventive measure that can be imparted to the diabetic patient. In order to encourage active participation by the patient, such materials as a life-size, life-like, anatomically accurate foot model, written material in the form of take-home, "must-know' brochures."
Abstract A paper on diabetic skin care. The paper outlines the Braden scale which categorizes factors contributing to patients' risk for developing pressure ulcers in six areas: activity, mobility, nutrition, sensory perception, moisture and friction and shear.
Abstract This proposal concerns the introduction of a diabetes IT program for the Cleveland Clinic, following a successful eClinic initiative to involve patients in their heart care. The product presented in this paper is a home health care diabetes monitor which is web-based, but uses some of the digital download capabilities of common glucose testers. This paper demonstrates that the patient's closer monitoring will result in better outcomes and a better financial picture for the Cleveland Clinic. The writer concludes that the adoption of a diabetes home monitoring system will bring benefits to all concerned, and help the Clinic to meet and expand its mission. By insuring patient compliance through feedback to the patient, his/her family, and the healthcare professionals, the patient not only improves his/her outcome, but also reduces costs to the healthcare system.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Cleveland Clinic
Achieving the Overall Business Plan of the Organization
Diabetes Monitoring will Strengthen this Institution
Using IT Tools will Strengthen Loyalty to the Clinic
Positive Partnering with the Patient and the Clinic's Staff
Patient Outcomes are Improved
Quality
Staff is Competent to Use the Technology
Organization is Ready to Employ this Technology
Improving Access and Service to Patients Safety
The Technology Facilitates Providing a Safe Workplace
Integration/Implementation
Conclusion
From the Paper "Diabetes monitoring at home is a logical extension of the work done at the Cleveland Clinic. That is because our institution serves patients who are obese, who have vascular problems, and who have other results of diabetes. By reaching out to the community and helping diabetes sufferers, we offer both a continuation of their treatment in the Clinic, as well as an early-warning method which ties those patients to our institution.
"By tending to those patients within our capitated health plan, we can assure better compliance, and therefore lower patient costs. Given that the greater Cleveland area is home to 1.1 million people, and the number of diabetics is estimated at 44,000 people . This means that the Cleveland Clinic can offer outpatient services using IT which improve our overall market coverage and improves patient care."
Abstract This paper explains that Juvenile Diabetes (now called Type I) and Adult On-set diabetes (Type II) are incurable diseases affecting about 10% of the population in the United States. As the population ages and lives longer, the complications of Type II diabetes becomes a serious health risk for the elderly. The author stresses that diabetes is manageable and treatable, if diabetics a) follow diet guidelines, b) get regular exercise, c) check and monitor their blood sugar levels and d) get regular checkups for blood sugar levels, kidney, liver, heart, extremities and eyes, especially the elderly. The paper relates that a number of new drugs and therapies loom on the horizon, but some of them may take years before FDA approval.
Table of Contents
Introduction
What is Diabetes?
How do People Get Diabetes?
Diabetes Control
Diabetes Diets
Potential Health Problems for Elderly Diabetics Future 'Cures' for Diabetes Elderly DiabetesPatients Conclusion
From the Paper "For Type I diabetics, consistency in food intake and regularity of meals is vital,. For Type II diabetics the priority is weight control, since the body tends to produce some insulin. Obesity, however could create serious insulin deficiencies and, even, turn into Type I diabetes. What makes diet so important for the elderly, especially, is the fact that their bodies require fewer calories, and when the "normal" intake is continued, obesity as well as increased glucose levels can easily occur. That is why a diet- and not the usual "yo-yo" weight loss diet, is really mandatory.
Medical practitioners and hospitals with diabetes centers also provide diet charts with "exchanges" for foods, these exchanges provide information about portions and daily amount of each food is "permissible" to control diabetes."
Abstract The paper addresses the role of patient education and compliance and other factors that have been seen in the literature to have a plausible effect on diabetes mellitus. The paper is of the view that most type 2 diabetes mellitus patients have fair to poor glycemic control in large part due to a lack of patient education on the part of the health care professional. The paper emphasizes that any approach to managing diabetes must involve the patient in the active management of his disease.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Complications
Current Situation
My Viewpoint
Viewpoints of Others
Future Outlook
Conclusion
From the Paper "The prevalence rate of diabetes when age is factored in also shows an upward trend in the number of cases on a year-to-year basis; all age groups reported an increase in prevalence over the last 24 years (CDC, 2005b). The age group with the highest reported prevalence rate was the 65-74-year old age bracket (CDC, 2005b). The second highest group was the 75+ year old bracket, followed by the 45-64 year-old bracket and the less than 45 years old bracket (CDC, 2005b). The disparity between the groups with the highest and lowest prevalence of diabetes is quite large (16.7% of the population age 65-74 years versus 1.4% of the population less than age 45 years are diagnosed diabetics) (CDC, 2005b)."
Abstract The paper describes the Think Positive Diabetes Wireless' t+Diabetes system that is designed to assist diabeticpatients with monitoring and health care management and is the first to include cell phone technology to assist the patient. The paper discusses the inclusion of medically trained diabetic councilors who can assist the client in controlling the disease. The paper considers the broader application of a mobile disease management network and relates that mobile technology for disease management is the wave of the future, not only for diabetes care but for other health related issues and needs.
From the Paper "Diabetes is, "a disease that affects nearly 21 million people--about 7 percent of the United States' population--including 1 in every 8 African-Americans. And while diabetes has no cure, new high-tech tools--as well as good, old-fashioned, hands-on education--are being used in an effort to make it easier to manage the deadly disease." (Chappell, 2006, p. 158) Diabetes management has been a monumental challenge since diabetes was first identified as a disease that could be effectively treated in the long term. (Jones, 2006, p. 132) Many individuals have problems with treatment compliance and managing diabetes from a medical standpoint can be complicated and ever shifting, depending on many external factors as well as issues involving medication dosage changes and difficulty managing blood sugar testing on a regular basis."
Abstract This paper explores the current treatments available for patients suffering from type 2 Diabetes. Addressed here are Glipizide, Sulfonylurea, and Avandia, belonging to the thiazolidinediones. The analysis considers the patient's medical history and physical exam findings for evaluation of potential side effects, aggravation, and overall safety of the drug options.
From the Paper "In monotherapy considerations, there are occasions when Avandia may be more optimal than the primarily recommended Glipizide, and instances when a drug combination plan utilizing both may be warranted. Thus, both the patient and drug characteristics must be evaluated relative to each other to determine the proper course of therapy. Diabetes mellitus is a complex group of syndromes applied to disturbances in the oxidation and utilization of glucose. This occurs secondary to a malfunction of the beta cells of the pancreas, which are responsible for the production of insulin. Insulin is involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. Diabetes mellitus can be classified as type 1 (juvenile) or type 2 (adult onset), the latter of which is discussed here. In type 2 diabetes a metabolic abnormality exists, characterizing this syndrome with insulin deficiency, insulin resistance, and increased hepatic glucose output."
Abstract This paper is a case analysis of a 71-year old female patient suffering from type 2 diabetes, as well as hyperlipedemia and hypertension. The paper utilizes the Pender's Health Promotion Model as a framework for discussing interventions.
From the Paper "The purpose of this paper is to utilize Pender's Health Promotion Model as a framework for discussing interventions for a 71 year-old white female suffering from Type II Diabetes, hypertension and hyperlipidemia. The conceptual framework of Pender's model..."
Abstract In this article, the writer notes that gestational diabetes affects only a very small percentage of all pregnant mothers. The writer further notes that pregnancy-induced hypertension is found in about the same proportion of pregnant mothers as is gestational diabetes. The writer points out that weight gain during pregnancy predicts very high risk for gestational diabetes, along with other problems such as pregnancy-induced hypertension, Cesarean section and stillbirth. The writer provides a literature review and discusses whether there is a link between gestational diabetes and pregnancy-induced hypertension so that they can be treated together. The writer maintains that the treatment of women with gestational diabetes, along with health teaching, which involves dietary advice, blood glucose monitoring, and insulin therapy, results in a reduction of serious perinatal outcomes such as death or bone fracture. Other benefits include improved health-related quality of life among women with gestational diabetes, both during the antenatal period and three months after birth, as well as a possible reduction in the incidence of postnatal depression.
Outline:
Introduction
Background
Literature Review
Analysis
From the Paper "Haakova and Cibula found in their retrospective study with data obtained from medical records that women who have polycystic ovary syndrome, which is a common endocrine disorder, that there are no important differences in the prevalence of gestational diabetes or of pregnancy-induced hypertension. Even though the two groups in the study were matched for age, weight, family history, and patient history, both gestational diabetes and hypertension were similar for those groups. However, as these researchers note, a high incidence of pregnancy induced hypertension has been found in several other studies of women with polycystic ovary syndrome, so that there may be a link between hyperinsulinaemia and hypertension during pregnancy.
"Lifestyle interventions also constitute the primary treatment for gestational diabetes."
Abstract This essay discusses an interview of a man recently diagnosed with diabetes. The author looks at the changes in lifestyle that the person interviewed has had to make because of his diabetes and suggests that a greater understanding of a diabetic's concerns can help facilitate a better approach to nursing patients with diabetes.
From the Paper "Before Gary's diagnosis, he never read the labels on food and ate anything he wanted. He loved all kinds of sweet, sugary foods and since he was on the road at night, found it easy to eat a candy bar at any given time. Gary also enjoyed drinking ?a variety of soft drinks, especially Pepsi products, since that is what he transports.? He said it was really hard giving up these drinks and adapting to diet sodas. Gary and Cheryl both now read all labels on food prior to making a purchase. Gary is amazed at the number of foods that contain a high amount of sugar."
Abstract This paper explains that diabetes within the U.S. Hispanic population is increasing due primarily to environmental influences. The author points out that correlates in health care, which promote the onset of diabetes, are weight, economic conditions and options for managed health care that are available to the Hispanic population. The paper relates that diabetes frequently manifests in conjunction with other health care problems, such as obesity and subsequent cardiovascular problems, and can develop into end-stage renal failure if the patient is not provided with adequate treatment.
From the Paper "Type-II diabetes, or diabetes manifested by adults, tends to be generated through lifestyle habits. The Hispanic population tends to have marked increases in the frequency of Type-2 diabetes within their population, even within children, thus suggesting that the diet and exercise habits of Hispanics is conducive to the onset of Type-2 diabetes. Researchers have also isolated genetic markers and physiological traits common within Hispanics that indicate a predisposition to Type-2 diabetes. This scenario, when compared to the rise in rates of Type-2 diabetes within the Hispanic community, indicates that this population is vulnerable to a health care "crisis". Type-2 diabetes can potentially be a devastating disease for the affected patient."
