Abstract This paper examines the novel mechanism of disease transmittal in prions as well as the diseases themselves (mad cow disease and Creutzfeld-Jacobs disease). Functions of normal prions are also discussed. The paper also examines how prions are devoid of nucleic acids, and thus carry no information other than their tertiary structure.
From the Paper "Knockout mice survived up to their 70th week, and then they began to display signs common with brain disease, which included a loss of motor coordination. Curiously, the symptoms shown by these knockout mice were similar to those found in many cases of prion diseases."
Tags: brain, cow, creutzfeld, disease, infectious, jacobs, mad, prions, protein
Abstract This paper examines these two works and their similarities. It shows that the central theme at work in both is philosophy, and the relation and importance it has to society. Both agree that without philosophy a person is simply an empty shell, completely devoid of any of the components which create the mysterious elements contributing to the wonderful and complex human condition.
From the Paper "Though the two books are very different in their means, they both speak to the same end. There is no hope for anything worthwhile to be created or maintained without the celebration and encouragement of education on the part of the government. Without education in their lives people can not express or conceive of philosophy; and without philosophy we are nothing more than animals, and hence only capable of achieving as much. 1984 is the second chapter in the story of the Republic. It shows what will ultimately result if the government is not kept on a leash by the citizens, who need education through which they can conjure the philosophy to do this."
Tags: social, leader, philosophy, society, rule, power, government, control
This essay discusses the ethical dilemna that the abortion issue presents using the arguments of three philosophers, Judith Jarvis-Thompson, Mary Anne Warren and Don Marquis to analytically discuss and debate each of their individual positions.
Abstract Examined here is the seemingly intractable debate that has garnered much debate and philosophical discourse. Is abortion unethical? If so, on what grounds? Does a fetus have an unquestionable right to life? The arguments of three philosphers, Thompson, Warren, and Marquis attempt to construe argument devoid of appeal to religious sources. Actual logical arguments are put forth and then dissected by the author. Instruction of Informal fallacies also included, as well as topics such as debate through analogies, Criteria of Personhood, and Potentiality theories: FLO theory.
From the Paper "First let us begin with an argument derived from the article by Judith Jarvis-Thompson entitled, ?A Defense of Abortion.? She starts of with explaining the common pro-life argument, which relies heavily on the premise that a fetus is a human being and a person at the moment of conception. While examining the continuous expectancy that the fetus constantly develops into a child, she from this judges that to draw a line of personhood from this point or another is to exemplify the argument with an arbitrary carelessness. She makes no attempt to refute a fetus as a person or otherwise. To do so she deems as participation in a ?slippery-slope argument.? Thompson acknowledges that the fetus is a human well before it's birth, for it would be biologically unsound to state otherwise. Based on her take of the anti-abortionist's argument an acorn (a potential oak tree) would be viewed in the same way as an Oak tree is, even though that this is an incorrect and rather crude observation. From this basis, she says on cannot make a good examination until a better counter-argument is examined and then she says we will have more sufficient grounds on which to reject it or not."
Abstract This paper looks at British political history and why in Britain there has not been a revolution like that of France or Russia. The author discusses how there have been threats of revolutions in Britain, but they did not deflect the main current of political development. The writer shows how the gradual and continuous political development in Britain was not only devoid of civil commotion,but also influenced the politics of countless other countries all over the world.
From the Paper "Until the Middle Ages, Britain was a feudal kingdom that gradually transformed into a strong centralized monarchy. The monarchy came into its own in the middle ages and the monarchs felt secure enough in their position to seek the advice of their subjects in matters of the state. This resulted in the formation of the great councils that initially consisted of members of the nobility and church leaders. In the meetings of the great councils, the monarchs sought advice, exchanged information, and gathered petitions. (Kishlansky). These councils were the precursor of the present day parliament in Britain, the all-powerful legislative and executive body."
Abstract Albert Camus, a political activist and intellectual often expressed his philosophical attitudes through fiction and short essays. Camus is primarily known for philosophical position; a form of existentialism, that he portrays in his essays "The Absurd" and "The Myth of Sisyphus". The absurd is a set of beliefs to be adopted towards life in a universe that is devoid of a true or higher meaning when the only outcome will be death. This paper shows how, in the two previously mentioned essays, Camus explores the way in which absurdity appears in life and the consequences of making this discovery. Camus identifies the Absurd not as a source for despair but describes a way to defy meaninglessness and live life through experience.
From the Paper "The theatre of the Absurd is a display of modern life in a universe that is devoid of a true or higher meaning. This existential philosophy illustrated through plays relates a brutal world freed from any notion of divinity. In a world where the only outcome is certain death, there is no moral code, no god and no ultimate purpose. A person is left with a feeling of unease and dislocation, such is the beginning of Absurdity. Harold Pinter's The Birthday Party and Samuel Beckett's Waiting for Godot are two plays, which explore concepts such as these. Modernist theatre features the notion of the absurd; a concept reflective of global attitude at the time in the wake of World War Two and the decline of religious faith."
An overview of the events where the United States government forced the Cherokee on a "Trail of Tears" which ultimately led to the death of thousands and the downfall of this Native American tribe.
1,900 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 6 sources, 2002, $ 71.95
Abstract In 1838, the Cherokee nation was effectively removed, in its entirety, by the government of the Unites States of America. The forced removal was part of an effort to both neuter the Cherokee, one of the strongest native Nations and to grab all of the land upon which it had lived for, in various forms, thousands of years. The forced march was named, The Trail Of Tears, for a variety of reasons. It forced the natives from their ancestral home, it was a death march and it placed the Cherokee in an alien land, virtually devoid of anything which would allow them to continue living in their traditional manner. The Trail of Tears resulted in thousands of deaths, the separation of families and has been considered in hindsight as an attempt at genocide. The eviction and forced march, which came to be known as the Trail of Tears, took place during the fall and winter of 1838-39 and was badly mismanaged. Inadequate food supplies led to terrible suffering, especially after frigid weather arrived. About 4,000 Cherokees died on the one-hundred and sixteen-day journey, many because the escorting troops refused to slow or stop so that the ill and exhausted could recover. It is the purpose of this paper to examine the motivations for the forced exodus from the point of view of the U.S. government, the timeline of the march and the impact it had before, during and after on the Cherokee people. The point of this examination is to, hopefully, develop for the reader a clear understanding of one of the most tragic episodes in the enforcement of Indian Policy by the United States Government.
Abstract Summary: In this paper I will explore how human society has been transformed, by the media, as well as by government and corporations, into a consumerist collective whose only purpose is ever-increasing consumption at the expense of all other values.
Abstract The mechanistic worldview, on the one hand, depicts nature as atomistic, passive, lifeless, and wholly devoid of purpose. Feminist critics of deep ecology's insistence that an anthropocentric worldview is the root cause of the ecological crisis agree that there are important connections between the oppression of nature and the oppression of women that the anthropocentric emphasis of deep ecology obscures. Nature itself is conceived of as feminine. The powerful metaphor of "Mother Nature" allows one to see women and nature as both nurturing and gentle as well as wild and unpredictable. The irrational forces of nature must be tamed by culture and the emotional nature of women must be constructively directed by the masculine force of rationality.
Abstract This paper explains why Schlick sees many philosophical problems as irrelevant and meaningless. The author point out that he believes that the verifiability of certain propositions about the material and external world are devoid of meaning. The paper crystallizes Schlick's views through an examination of Descartes and Locke.
Abstract This paper argues that the modern mass media has played a significant role in shaping modern society. It has altered the power structure of modern society by redefining, largely through the influence of advertising - the keystone of mass media - the citizen into a consumer. This paper is convincingly written and provides excellent insight into the various subtle sales methods used by advertisers in all forms of media: television, radio, movies, and magazines. When popular media culture is viewed as a socializing force, as opposed to the more benign interpretation of it as an "objective" medium devoid of ideological or political content, one may get some appreciation of the potential of its totalizing power to insert messages into various media.
Abstract This paper discusses Gilgamesh's quest for immortality and whether or not he finally managed achieve it. Gilgamesh is properly the oldest written and most widely read of ancient stories. The man, his desires, and achievements have been discussed several times by several different authors, thereby immortalizing the king. Interestingly, this was what the king had always dreamed of: to become immortal; and his quest for a life devoid of death turned him into a more considerate, compassionate, and just ruler.
From the Paper "Gilgamesh was not born with a desire to live forever but one major event turned his life upside down generating in him an intense fear of death. Being a god-like figure, Gilgamesh was widely feared because of his despotic and rather ruthless style of governing the country. He was king of Uruk and was born to a mortal and a goddess, which accounted for him being half-human, half-god. Gilgamesh was a tyrant who would sleep with any woman he desired, kill children on whim and undertake all kinds of ruthless tasks to stomp his authority on his country."
This paper discusses women in African and Indian Society based on two novels: Chinua Achebe's "Things Fall Apart" and K. Markandaya's "Nectar in a Sieve".
Abstract This paper explains that the women in both societies play productive roles, working in the fields, attending to all domestic duties, and educating the children. The author points out that, in both novels, the softer, more accepting nature of the female characters should not be mistaken for weakness. The paper relates that African and Indian cultures may place undue emphasis on the male role in society; but, as Achebe and Markandaya demonstrate, their cultures are not devoid of respect and care for their women.
From the Paper "The interpretation that women in "Things Fall Apart" are at the mercy of a male dominated, sexist society is largely due to the character of Okonkwo, its central protagonist. Right through the text, Okonkwo is heard to constantly compare all signs of weakness to femininity, a worldview that also leads him into frequently asserting his masculinity with his multiple wives, family and community. Okonkwo's obsession with masculinity should not, however, be taken to represent the views of African culture, as a whole."
Abstract This essay deals with the way that race is an issue in three modern utopian or distopian art pieces, David Brin's "Kiln People", the recent movie release of "Lord of the Rings", and the "Star Trek" television series. The paper explains that these three sources have been selected because all three of them are among the most popular of recent works in their respective genres, and each presents a strong utopian vision which, on the surface, is devoid of racism and may even present anti-racist messages, but at its center actually deals with serious issues of race and ethnicity.
From the Paper "Even before Moore, though, philosophers such as Plato created imaginary societies that showed the problems and the potential of the world. The earliest Utopias were probably places like Plato's Republic, which while not overtly racist did include stratification into slaves and masters and a "myth" that different people were born of essentially different qualities . Writing about Utopia was resumed seriously during the Renaissance, as interest in ideal government and long-lost cultures was renewed. (Donough) It became extremely prominent as a form of fiction, in addition to being philosophical, during the Victorian age and through the early 1900s. This was when science fiction was first being pioneered by people like Jules Verne and H.G. Wells, (Wagner) and they were among the first to integrate Utopian and Dystopian story-lines into their fiction. For example, Well's The Time Machine, includes a very Dystopian idea of the future in which all humans are split into two competing and incomplete races."
Abstract This paper explains that, although the U. S. failed to support the League of Nations, America supported the United Nations because the supreme national interest of America was to obtain a world atmosphere in which the United States could grow its inner social values devoid of undue commotion or danger from the outside. The author points out that collective action via the United Nations instead of unilateral action was considered politically viable on key political issues. The paper concludes that the League of Nations and the United Nations disappointed hopes the following the two world wars because, in no way, can they be an autonomous political power; at best, the U.N. is a mirror image of the opposing interest of autonomous states.
Table of Contents
Introduction
America's Rejection to Support the League of Nations
The Historical Background
The Fundamental Principals that Lead to the Rejection of the League of Nations
America's Support for the United Nations
Using United Nations to Achieve the Goals of American Foreign Policy
The Fundamental Goal of Military Security
The Fundamental Goal of Political Security:
The Fundamental Goal of Stability and Welfare
The Fundamental Goal of World Order
Conclusion
From the Paper "In the United States of America the major disagreement on both the groundwork venture and the refined Covenant of the League of Nations had been on the base that the League would function as an intrusion with the sovereignty of America and with the Monroe principle, that it concerned desertion of the traditional American policy, which had not been in favor of entrapped coalitions, and that the government did not have the power, within its Constitution, to insert such an agreement . Independence has revealed to be just so much freedom of action on the behalf of countries as is coherent with their responsibility, within international law and principles, to authorize the application of uniform independence or freedom of action by their sister countries. The League agreement had assured all States in their application of this sovereignty free from coercion by other Countries, and he who desires more is actually in search of the authorization thoughtlessly to ignore these commitments -- to refuse, for instance, the fair rulings of a properly established tribunal -- which is the German perception of independence."
Abstract This paper presents a brief biographical background of the famous seventeenth century artist, Rembrandt van Rijn. The paper explains that his works are known for being dramatic and devoid of the formality that was common among his contemporaries. The paper focuses on one of his many etchings, "Christ Preaching". The paper examines the materials and techniques used by Rembrandt to make this piece of art.
From the Paper "The Hundred Guilder Print of Christ Preaching was printed around 1649. It is an etching, printed with drypoint and burin, on Japanese paper. It measures 28.1 cm by 38.9 cm, and it was trimmed just inside the plate line. The actual work produced by Rembrandt was an etched plate made of copper for use in printing, therefore he was able to create many duplicates of his work. There are different printings of this piece still surviving today, and many of them were printed in this style with Japanese paper. The choice of this type of paper enhanced the quality of the piece. Every printing done by Rembrandt was slightly different because he applied the ink to the etching by hand, and pressed the paper in different ways. The choice of the Japanese paper, which is an earth-tone rather than white, helps soften the lines of the piece and create a less stark contrast between the blacks and whites. "
