Abstract This paper begins by exploring the Montessori Theory in current and historical perspective. The paper then proceeds to explore psychic deviations with Montessori perspective and the consequent process of normalization.
This paper provides an overview of the life and works of the great philosopher Immanuel Kant and will attempt to understand how Kant's philosophy of reasoning deviated and synthesized that of his philosophical predecessors.
1,450 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 4 sources, 2001, $ 48.95
Abstract This paper provides an overview of the life and works of the great philosopher Immanuel Kant and will attempt to understand how Kant's philosophy of reasoning deviated and synthesized that of his philosophical predecessors.
From the paper:
Emmanuel Kant's name is one of the bywords for intellectual rigor and ethics in philosophy. But an equally important part of the body of his work is Kant as a great synthesizer of the great philosophical writers of the pre-existing period. Rather than concentrate on Kant's ethical judgements, this paper will attempt to understand how Kant's philosophy of reasoning deviated and synthesized that of his philosophical predecessors. Such an understanding will better enable a reader to understand Kant's ethical imperatives and the reasoning behind them
This paper detects the deviations Kenneth Branagh instills into Mary Shelley's seminal work in his 1994 film adaptation reflect his own attempts at "masculinizing" her seminal work.
Abstract The essay uses psychoanalysis as a method of comparative discourse, in order to see more clearly the variances and motives between Shelley's and Branagh's texts. The author claims that while Branagh's adaptation affords perhaps the most accurate retelling of the plot of Shelley's text, the lens by which he interprets the tale bends the focus, elaborating upon certain underlying narratives while suppressing or overlooking others. The essay maintains that "Mary Shelley's Frankenstein" demonstrates an attempt to revise and rewrite the story in order to place emphasis on more culturally masculine concerns and anxieties, and is far from being the definitive cinematic imagining of Shelley's work. Moreover, he feels that by looking closely at key deviations in Branagh's interpretation and presentation, one can observe a systematic re-envisioning which seeks to displace and usurp Shelley's argument against masculine ideals.
From the Paper "Stephen Behrendt contends that Victor Frankenstein and his monster reflect Mary Shelley's anxiety over the public role of authorship in a male-dominated society. As objects of discourse, women were continually reminded of their "proper" and "natural" place in private familial and public extrafamilial interaction" (Behrendt 71). Victor's "unnatural" process of creation a man assuming the maternal role of biological life-giver mirrors Shelley's socially constructed sense that she behaved unnaturally in assuming the role of artistic creator. Victor's hysteria and the Creature's disfigurement embody Shelley's horror at her own articulation a horror unconsciously generated by the dictums of a patriarchal world. Victor demonstrates his hysteria when he confesses that "a kind of enthusiastic frenzy had blinded me to the horror of my employment; my mind was intently fixed on the consummation of my labour, and my eyes were shut to the horror of my proceedings" (Shelley 162). "
Abstract This research paper explores the claim that celibacy within the clergy results in sexual deviation. The paper begins with an elucidation of the problem within the Catholic Church and an explanation for the propagation of celibacy in Catholic theory. It then goes on to list the three main myths associated with celibacy; namely, that Catholic priests are more likely to become pedophiles than any other group of men, that the celibate state of the priesthood leads to pedophilia and that married clergy would make pedophilia and other forms of sexual misconduct cease to exist. The paper then proceeds to explore both sides of the argument of whether a relationship between celibacy and sexual deviance exists, and in doing so, the writer brings in the opinions of various experts. The paper continues by looking at the treatment of sexual deviance by the Catholic Church and concludes by deducing that there is no connection between celibacy and sexual deviance.
From the Paper "In today's society, the Catholic Church is confronted with two important issues regarding sexuality. The first is the scandal of sexual abuse of children by priests, which is a highly publicized issue that it damaging the reputation of the Catholic Church in the United States. The second is the question of whether priest should take a vow of celibacy and remain unmarried."
Abstract This paper will offer a cursory survey of three variations to the nuclear family in modern day North America. This is done in an effort to determine how far our social value systems will allow us to deviate from the traditional model of the nuclear family. This paper will illustrate how families with dual earning partners and families headed by divorced single parents have become a modern day social norm, despite the taboos that once accosted them. In comparison, this paper will examine how lesbian couples with children continue to be denied access into general social arenas, despite recent empirical findings that contradict damning generalizations.
State constitutions tend to show deviation from the structure of federal rule maintained by the U. S. Constitution. In the case of the Nevada State Co...
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 2 sources, 2005, $ 26.95
Abstract The paper explains how state constitutions tend to show deviation from the structure of federal rule maintained by the U. S. Constitution. The paper describes how, in the case of the Nevada State Constitution, there is ample evidence that this document sets forth a policy of law that is far more democratic in tone and in application than the constitution. The paper further discusses how there are strong similarities between the two documents, both, for example, stress the rights of the citizenry and even focus on issues such as the right to assemble and a citizen's ability to refuse to quarter other citizens in their homes upon order from the government.
From the Paper "It is generally understood that the United States is built upon the principles of democracy, in which the majority consensus of the citizens helps to define the shape of issues or elections. However, in assuming that the Constitution - the document upon which such practices are founded - is inherently democratic is only partially accurate. Indeed, it has been frequently argued that the U. S. Constitution is representative of the rule of law from a federation as opposed to a pure democracy; in a federation, elections occur among the majority of the citizenry but this process results in elected officials who then determine the direction of the country. In short, a federation transforms a democracy from the rule of the many back into the rule of the few, with the "few" in this sense being the elected officials selected through an elections process."
Abstract This paper discusses the way in which Shakespearean Comedy has been formulated by elements of plot that are viewed as typical. It provides a brief outline of Shakespearean Comedy and explores the plot elements of the green world, multiple intertwined plots, disguise, mistaken identity and the conventional young lovers. It shows how many plot sequences, seen as typical to comedy, are demonstrated through Shakespeare's various stock characters. The paper then demonstrates how Shakespeare's "Much Ado About Nothing" is one of his plays that presents slight deviations from this typical structure.
From the Paper "Since its origin, Shakespearian Comedy has developed having specific and identifiable elements viewed as typical, in regards to plot. Much Ado About Nothing contrasts the other comedies. The setting is not in the magical green world and there are two plots. The young lovers do not demand and obtain the role most interesting to the reader and the 'placing of the comic initiative in the hands of its vivacious heroine Beatrice' not a servant. Beatrice and Benedick appear to captivate the comic progression of the play and other than Dogberry present most of the absurd, wit and humour. The basic foundations of Much Ado About Nothing centre on the typical progression from of conflict to a happy resolution that ends with two marriages not just one. Don Pedro, the disturbingly sinister character for a comedy, is expelled, all is forgiven and society is restored to its festive note. 'Strike up, pipers.'"
Abstract This paper discusses the two opposite viewpoints with regard to the existence of mental illness and whether there is a unique model that can actually fully cover mental illness. The paper also talks about the concept of deviance, what the accepted norms are from which the deviation can be observed in the so-called mentally affected individuals, and who decides the norms of mental health and, hence, the deviation. The paper also argues that socio-psychological issues are involved in mental health practice, and a strictly medical approach cannot provide all the answers. Finally, the conclusion argues that it is vital to recognize the social, sociological, and psychological elements involved in mental illness.
From the Paper "However, the medical profession holds the opposite view and is satisfied that mental illness does exist and is usually divided into two major groups ? the psychoses and the neuroses. (Roth and Kroll, 1986, p.27) Psychotic disorders, also knows as personality disorders include schizophrenia, manic-depressive disorder, psychotic (severe) depression, while neuroses comprise of anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, dissociative (hysterical) and somatoform disorders and neurotic (mild) depression. The rapid advances in clinical treatment of many of these disorders have strengthened the case of the medical view of mental illness."
Abstract This paper examines two great works, "Great Expectations" by Charles Dickens and "A Clockwork Orange" by Anthony Burgess, as novels that fall under the Bildungsroman genre, which is a genre of novel that deals with the growth of the protagonist. The paper explains that the Bildungsroman novel chronicles the life of the hero from childhood to adulthood and the conflict that he meets and resolves on his way to wisdom. The paper then points out that some novels come under the umbrella of Bildungsroman but may contain few deviations such as Burgess' "A Clockwork Orange" and Dickens' "Great Expectations". The paper also looks at how compared to "A Clockwork Orange", "Great Expectations" is certainly a more conformist form of Bildungsroman but the one place where it deviates from tradition is the choice of narrator. The paper analyzes each novel in relation to Bildungsroman, and concludes that both novels are masterpieces in their own right, but Dickens's work is a better example of a true English Bildungsroman than Burgess' work.
From the Paper "Dickens has used an adult voice to narrate the experiences of a child which is starkly different from other examples of the genre where narrator is either a third person or is the protagonist himself who grows with the novel. Buckley, in his book, Seasons of Youth explains the origin of Bildungsroman and its three distinct categories. He further adds that English Bildungsroman tradition was different from that of German's since the former was "in its broadest sense . . . a convenient synonym for the novel of youth or apprenticeship" (13). Buckley's intensive research indicates that English bildungsroman was not always completely autobiographical."
Abstract This paper examines the language acquisition of two children, A and G, who are each two years old. The paper places particular emphasis on their strategies for simplifying word-initial s+ consonant clusters. The paper also discusses noted deviations from adult forms, suggesting possible explanations to account for those deviations.
Outline:
Introduction
Evaluation of Data
Conclusion
From the Paper "Language acquisition is a complex and gradual process for children. The process works on two levels. Part of it is innate, and part is learned. As they advance developmentally, children absorb what they hear in their interactions with others, especially in their home environments. Phonological development is a gradual process during which speech patterns are first reproduced, and then eventually acquired. It is normal for mistakes, or phonological deviations, to be made during this process. Since young children are still developing their sound systems, their speech can at times be difficult to understand. Anyone who has tried to communicate with small children will have experienced this at some point. This is particularly true in very young children, specifically those under the age of five, since they have not yet mastered the ability to organize sound systems in the same way that adults do."
Compares the covered-uncovered interest rate parity of the U.S. dollar and the Swiss franc including the programming routines, algorithms and applications in MATLAB, RATS and EVIEWS.
Abstract This paper examines the covered and uncovered interest parity between U.S. dollar and Swiss franc by first using simple summary statistics for the spot and forward rates as the mean, kurtosis, skewness and standard deviation. The paper then presents the covered interest and uncovered parity hypothesis and applies tests to examine its validation, as deviations from covered interest parity, regression analysis, threshold autoregression and exponential transition autoregression. Based on this extensive research, the paper rejects these covered and uncovered interest parity hypotheses.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Literature Review
Data
Summary Statistics
Random Walk
Unit Root and Stationary Tests
Covered Interest Rate Parity
Linear Tests
Non Linear Tests 1
Threshold Autoregressive (TAR) Models
Smoothing Transition Autoregressive (STAR) Models
Uncovered Interest Rate Parity
Vector Error-Equilibrium Correction Model (VECM)
Impulse Responses
Threshold Vector Error Correction Model
Dynamic OLS (DOLS)
Conclusions
Appendix: Program Procedure Routine for TSAY Test of TAR Nonlinearities in winRATS 6.0
Appendix: Program Procedure Routine for AR(1)-TAR Estimation in winRATS 6.0
Appendix: Test for Linearity against ESTAR and LSTAR and Secification Test between ESTAR and LSTAR selection in winRATS 6.0
Appendix: Program Procedure Routine for AR(1)-LSTAR-GARCH(1,1) Estimation in Eviews 6.0
Appendix: Program Procedure Routine for AR(1)-LSTAR-OLS Estimation in Eviews 6.0
Appendix: Program Procedure Routine for AR(1)-ESTAR-OLS Estimation in Eviews 6.0
Appendix: A Different Procedure Routinefor AR(1)-ESTAR-OLS Estimation in Eviews 6.0
Appendix: MATLAB Routines for Grid Search and STAR Estimation
Instructions
MATLAB Routine for Grid Search on STAR Models
MATLAB Routine for STAR Models Estimation with Various Methods
From the Paper "Descriptive statistics for the spot and three-monthly and six-monthly forward exchange rates returns are reported in table 1. We observe that in all cases negative mean returns are observed, but one might say that are very close to zero. Also in both three rates returns negative skewness is presented, but kurtosis is very close to three, as is defined by the normal distribution. Based on the Jarque-Bera statistics the hypothesis of normality for spot and forward exchange rates is not rejected."
An argument that the liberty to deviate from societal norms, the requisite for producing individuals, certainly yields maximal utility, for the most well-developed person has become the best human that he can possibly be, contra Mill.
2,133 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 2 sources, 2000, $ 66.95
From the Paper ". Intervention against personal liberty cannot promote utility. Even if it were granted that a proper intervention against individual liberty would maximize an individual's productive capacity, then men merely might gain more food, better houses, and an increase in total wealth. However, such men would not use any of their human faculties that separate them from animals; these mechanized unthinking imitators would have as much inherent human worth as an automaton. In contrast, the man who exercises his liberty to choose his own plan of life, even if less productive than that which could be centrally directed, uses all of his faculties: observation, reasoning, judgment, firmness, and self-control. Because ?it really is of importance, not only what men do, but also what manner of men they are that do it,? increasing our available material goods undermines utility if it requires the wholesale conversion of men into automatons or apes (962). Indeed, the liberty to deviate from societal norms, the requisite for individuality which produces well-developed human beings, as opposed to ape-like automatons, certainly yields maximal utility, for the most well-developed person has become the best human that he can possibly be. "
Abstract This user-friendly paper shows how mathematics can be used to understand the forces that move the stock exchange markets. A general overview of investment, financial assets and their trading market is offered in order to understand their role in developed economies. The paper then looks at specific mathematical concepts and how they can be related, including random variables, standard deviation and covariance.
From the Paper "Financial assets and the markets in which they are traded, play several crucial roles in developed economies. They allow individuals to store their present wealth in investments that will benefit themselves and the overall economy, helps companies spread the risk of operations by involving more participants willing to accept that risk for a rate of return and provides the ability for investors to "pool" their resources with other investors, creating a greater potential for benefit than any could have achieved with their own resources alone. If individuals choose to invest, they may place their wealth in financial assets with the expectations that the company will use that money to increase the value of the company and the level of income generated, making the company and consequently, the investment, worth more."
Abstract In this paper aversion therapy is studied as a therapy employed in the treatment of alcoholism, smoking, compulsive gambling, and sexual deviations. Aversion therapies are described and critically assessed. Many deficiencies are pointed out and suggestions for improvements are made. It is suggested that the future of aversion therapy lies in the complete comprehension of the procedure.
From the Paper "A therapy, which employs classical conditioning, is known as aversion therapy. In aversion therapy a negative emotional reaction is conditioned to a maladaptive behavior that a subject perceives as pleasurable (Liebert & Spiegler, 1998, p. 516). In this approach the problem behavior, known as the conditioned stimulus (CS), is paired with the unconditioned stimulus (UCS). The unconditioned stimulus (UCS) can be administered in such forms as chemical or electrical aversion. The unconditioned stimulus (UCS) results in the unconditioned response (UCR), which may be anxiety, fear or nausea. After numerous pairings of the problem behavior (CS) with the aversion therapy (UCS) the problem behavior (CS) will elicit fear, anxiety or nausea (CR). "
Abstract This paper explains that traditional financial thinking relies on assumptions of certainty, complete knowledge and market efficiency and in this context, financial decisions should be relatively straightforward. In the real world though, many times what is observed deviates greatly from what would be expected using traditional financial thinking. This paper therefore uses different game theory models to more accurately explain observed financial decisions dealing with capital structure, corporate acquisitions and initial public offerings (IPOs).
From the Paper "Game theory has made great strides in explaining many of the observed phenomena falling under corporate finance. One example is the capital structure decided upon by a firm's management. Capital structure deals with the firm's decision to raise funds through debt versus equity and what ratio of debt to equity should the firm maintain. Modigliani and Miller in 1958 showed that in perfect capital markets (i.e. no frictions and symmetric information) and no taxes a firm could not change its total value by altering its debt/equity ratio; thus capital structure is irrelevant. However in the real world, capital structure is carefully thought about by every company, and it is in fact not irrelevant because taxes do exist and capital markets are not perfect."
