Abstract
This paper examines the George R. Stewart book "Earth Abides". The book deals with a viral plague that wipes out most of humanity, leaving only a few scattered survivors who have the responsibility for rebuilding and reconstituting the human race. The paper examines how the main protagonist, Isherwood and the other few survivors have to start, as it were, from 'ground zero'. After retracing the novel's plot and critiquing the actions, motivations and symbolic significance of Isherwood and others, the paper then discusses the novel's many positive reviews by literary critics.

From the Paper
"The novel is remarkable for a number of reasons. Firstly, it deals with relevant issues that pertain to contemporary society today. Secondly the work does not follow the conventions or stereotypical patterns of apocalyptic fiction. In essence the novel is a comment and a sociological and philosophical analysis of contemporary society. For example, the issue of racial differences and inequality were very prominent in the time that the novel was written. It is therefore a comment on society and the possible future of modern society when the main character chooses a black women for his wife. The book also makes it clear that he does not choose her for her looks or any other superficial reason, but for her character, good sense and intelligence."

Tags:society, devestation, destruction, doomsday, humanity, race, apocalypse, survivor, victims, equality

Abstract
This essay presents opposing arguments to those presented in Mark Sagoff's article, "Zuckerman's Dilemma: A Plea for Environmental Ethics," in which Sagoff analyzes the concept of value and discusses the kinds of value that objects of environmental concern can have. The author of of this paper takes the position, instead, that man is designed to have dominion over the animals and fields.

From the Paper
"Sagoff uses examples of things in nature which society wishes to preserve for various values. For example, he discusses obvious instrumental grounds, like potential medicinal reasons for preservation. He then contrasts that society may wish to preserve a ten thousand-year-old forest for its aesthetic qualities. Clearly, the very definition of aesthetics is the appreciation of beauty! If man appreciates the beauty of an object, it serves him! Lastly, Sagoff talks of moral value of objects in nature. Yes, we must preserve resources, but only for the sake of preserving human resources, not to preserve nature for its own sake, or for its value to non human beings."

Tags:relationship, environment, humans, dualism, ideologies, freedoms, ethics, devestation

Abstract
This paper discusses and evaluates the Peloponnesian War through an examination of the individuals involved in the war, the circumstances surrounding the war, the culture of the time and the legend of the war.

From the Paper
"Although Athens was on a course of reconstruction and economic development the between Sparta and Athens began to deteriorate. In a rather small war between Corcyra (supported by Sparta) and Corinth (supported by Athens), Athens became subjected to a Spartan siege or a participant in the great Peloponnesian War or wars from 431BC to 404BC. Not only was Athens under continual attack from Sparta but also in 430BC Athens was beset with a plague that lasted several years and consumed almost 25% of the Athenian population. However, even with the plague Sparta was unable to pierce the defensive walls of Athens that linked Athens to Piraeus and as such foodstuffs managed to be brought into the beleaguered city Warner, 1954). As a sidebar note, and absent of any recorded historical evidence, the plague that nearly crushed Athens was thought to be the work of the Spartans - by catapulting their own plague afflicted soldiers over the walls into Athens. In an attempt to rid their city-state area of Spartans Athens sent an enormous army of soldiers (415BC) against the Spartans. As a direct loss of the in the battlefield Athens suffered political uncertainty and in 411BC democracy was officially dismantled and the system was replaced by a council of 400 men who attempted to assert control over all Athens."

Tags:political, motivation, geographical, expansion, euthanasia, national, defense, devestation, inflicts, misery, citizenry

Abstract
This paper summarizes, discusses, and analyzes the plot, characters and message of Walter Miller's science fiction novel about life after a nuclear war that destroyed all of civilization in America. After summarizing the book's plot, the paper explains that "A Canticle for Leibowitz" makes use of many literary devices that unite the book, in spite of the fact that it is separated into three parts, and uses the characters in the book to convey its message about good and evil.

From the Paper
"The reader is told that the Leibowitz of this novel's title was a technician engaged in weapons development at the time of the nuclear war which destroyed all civilization in America and in the rest of the world. A natural reaction of the survivors of this holocaust was to turn on all scientists, on all fragments of science, and to destroy them for being in some degree responsible for the devastation that had taken place. Leibowitz, however, though repentant of his past, received permission from the pope to form a new monastic order of Albertus Magnus, whose role would be to save books and manuscripts from the "simpleton" mobs. The order's formation was successful, but Leibowitz himself was caught in the act of "booklegging" and was martyred by simultaneous strangulation and burning. "

Tags:monastery, blessed, salt, lake, city, el, paso, survivors, holocaust, scientists, devestation

Abstract
This paper discusses the AIDS epidemic in African-American communities and, in particular, three specific hypotheses that deal with the epidemic. The first hypothesis states that AIDS affects families, economies, and communities that are largely urban and black. The second hypothesis states that the government is ignoring much of what causes the problem, and the third states that teachers and other educators can do more to help these individuals. The paper explores each of these hypotheses through a review of available literature and an analysis of collected data. The paper also presents conclusions about the issue at hand, as well as what has been discovered about the topic and what the researcher has learned about the issue and the hypotheses that were presented.

Introduction
Literature Review
Methodology
Data Analysis
Conclusion

From the Paper
"It is unfortunate for black individuals, but AIDS is increasingly becoming a disease that is found to be much more common in blacks. These individuals currently make up 50 percent of all of the new infections of AIDS being discovered in this country (Whitaker, 2001). It is also unfortunate that black individuals in this country have not yet completely come to grips with this issue or fully understood it. It is a health-care crisis and because most individuals are ashamed and secretive about their problems with AIDS, or about a family member with AIDS, entire communities are being jeopardized because of the AIDS epidemic that is taking place in them. There is so much misinformation available about AIDS and black individuals are often uncertain about everything that they need to know and need to do not only to protect themselves but to live the longest life possible if they do contract the virus (Whitaker, 2001)."

Tags:africa, disease, gender, age, group, sexual, preference, race, virus, deaths, devestate