Abstract
In a globalized environment where the notion of sovereign states is increasingly breaking down, MNCs have emerged as the dominant global power. This paper is based on the hypothesis that individual states' measures are inadequate resources to correctly regulate international business. In addition, it seems that international binding measures are impossible, as there is no central authority with the legal power of enacting such regulations. Finally, this paper shows that MNCs are a key part of globalization and, therefore, should have both the means and the influence to transform sustainable development from a lofty platitude to meaningful implementation. The paper presents a case study of initiatives and measures that seek to develop the contribution of MNCs to international social and environmental issues and to development policies and actions.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Need for Change
State Sovereignty
Sustainable Development
Challenges for Businesses
The Role of MNCs in Sustainable Development
The Global Compact
Initiatives outside the Global Compact
What is International Sustainable Development Law (ISDL)?
International Environmental Law and Its Impact on Australia
Conclusion
Bibliography

From the Paper
"Globalization is a powerful force that can create growth and opportunities (Kilgour, 2001). It has opened markets and connected economies and cultures. In empowering individuals and groups in unprecedented ways, it has also resulted in demands for greater attention to be paid to issues like human rights, environmental protection and labor standards - the issues that form the heart of the corporate social responsibility (CSR) agenda."

Tags:NGO, United, Nations, WSSD

Abstract
This paper examines how, in order to maintain balance in every process and to develop eligibility, a company needs solid regulations to cover management and employee needs. It looks at such issues as employee motivation and provides a listing of qualities of regulations that facilitate the employees as well as their managers. Examples given include easy-to-understand job descriptions and guidance on how employees can maximize their performance and potentials for employees and for the managers such qualities as the simplification of management responsibility to define goals for each division and subdivision and each individual worker. It evaluates how overall integration is the only answer to create balanced performance of regulations, so the regulations will play fair and protect the rights from both parties. Company should state clearly to employees what they expect and the standard performance and employees can also provide feedback as well to ensure their needs and complaints are fulfilled.

From the Paper
"Although managers mostly are related with planning and periodical-achievement-estimation function in the company resource profile, basically they have similar functions as other employees, unless they are the same personnel. Managers do not only set targets for achievement but also encourage all staffs to fully participate following their qualities and regulations. They need to think about the best way to demand high quality performance and timely fashion. The audacious task takes more than other duties, since not all employees simply follow guidelines from the company, or get motivated with the regulations. Managers need to educate them to understand that both managers and company have the same goals, and it is not the owner's goals only. Also, employees need to understand why they are required to work hard, improve their skills, or join arduous trainings to escalate their level."

Tags:performance, motivation, goals, division, responsibility

Abstract
This paper discusses how the relationship of biological, cognitive, and social development during adolescence is very complex and how the process of puberty is one that involves a number of "genesis" experiences. In particular, it looks at how the onset of puberty also has important psychological effects and how the social implications that accompany physical differences are pretty severe. The paper also discusses how there are many differing theories in the regulation and ability to learn in adolescence and how cognitive regulation shows the interrelatedness of the three areas of biological, cognitive and social.

From the Paper
"Class size and school size are both important topics. Experts agree that the ideal size of a school for an adolescent is 501-100 students (Steinberg, 208). Class size and school size, however, is supposed to have the least amount of effect on the student compared to expectations, classroom time, and teacher-student interaction (Steinberg, 219). Small class size many benefit very young students, but as children reach adolescence, the typical class size range from 20-40 doesn't appear to have any impact on learning (Steinberg, 208). There is a correlation between school size and number of activities available to the student. The more activities a student is involved in, the more sense of belongingness he/she will have. "

Tags:puberty, cognitive, regulation

Abstract
This paper reviews the inadequate and sometimes non-existent workplace regulations that led to the development of better rules and laws in the twentieth century. The paper looks at several instances of litigation that basically established fair and/or unfair standards of safety at work and outlines the 1970 landmark Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) legislation.

Outline:
Introduction
Background: The Need for Safety Regulations
History of Safety Movement in Construction Work
Milestones in the Evolution of the Workplace Safety Movement
OSHA - What it Means for Construction Sites and all Workplaces
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Of course the most prominent work safety legislation in the history of the United States is the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA), passed and signed by the president in 1970. But there were many steps in terms of safety laws and regulations leading up to OSHA. Indeed, in reviewing the history of construction workplace safety issues Radford University professor Bill Kovarik goes back to ancient Greece and Rome (45-125 AD) and to the ruler Plutarch, who said it was not "just" to expose "non-criminals to the poisons of...lead and mercury mines" (Kovarik, 2003, p. 1). Bernardino Ramazzini (1633-1714) was considered the "Father of Occupational Medicine," Kovarik writes; Ramazzini, a professor of medicine at the university of Modena, Italy, published a book (De Morbis Artificum Diatriba) which "examined the diseases and problems" that resulted from 52 occupations.
"Health and medicine are among the many fields that Benjamin Franklin dabbled in, Kovarik explains; and Franklin was so concerned about lead poisoning in the printing trade workplace - and in the distilling of rum in lead vessels - that he published a health warning (which was not a regulation, but a bold move through a respected publication).
"The safety movement had its roots in England, Goetsch writes (p. 5). The Industrial Revolution in Great Britain was a time of booming economies and plenty of jobs. It was also a time when child labor was being used indiscriminately in England - and in the United States as well. Children as young as 9, 10, and into their low teens worked "hard" and "long" - in "often unhealthy and unsafe" conditions, Goetsch explains."

Tags:litigation, OSHA, contractor, fatalities

Abstract
This paper proposes the development of an organic, pasteurized, health fruit drink. The paper reports how the client, Mapco, has presented a need for a product that would appeal to a large percentage of its customers. This paper shows how the health drink described fits all of the qualifications outlined by the client. The paper also identifies key factors in marketing this health drink and presents a plan for product development.

Outline:
Abstract
Development of an Innovative Healthy Food Product
Production of Tango
Intellectual Property
Government Regulations Regarding Ingredients and Labeling
Consumer Acceptance and Education
Advantages to the Consumer
Advantages to the Manufacturer
Future Directions
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The advantages of producing Tango, a nutritious health fruit drink, to the manufacturer, is that the process can actually be more streamlined than a mechanical squeezing processing in terms of plant outfitting and can actually be produced in a relatively inexpensive manner. Contract production will allow favorable pricing of both ingredients and finished product. Sampling will allow for marketing controls and for targeting national and export markets. The product will meet the International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements (IFOAM), European Union, and other specific certification requirements, so may be exported. The Internet will be considered as a target for purchases, but will mainly be used for advertising the product. Mapco stores will be the exclusive client of this product, and will be the outlet to other organic health food agencies that may elect to sponsor sales of this product, as well. "

Tags:cancer, paclitaxel, innovation, sampling, analysis, organic, Tango, IP, intellectual, property

Abstract
This paper looks at the various laws instituted by the State which are aimed at reducing teen-age smoking. It also looks at some regulations and programs which have been developed to discourage young people from taking up smoking.

From the Paper
"While the regulation was not shaped solely to prevent teenaged smoking, tobacco advertising was banned from television on January 1, 1971. At the time, this was widely considered an important victory for consumers. In part, though, this ban was intended to curtail teenaged smoking. The advertising restrictions were based on the premise that fewer ads would mean fewer smokers, and that in particular, teenagers would be less inclined to smoke if they were not exposed to so many images of rugged cowboys and pretty women with cigarettes. In 1967, a PTA official stated, "The constant seduction of cigarette advertising . . . gives children the idea that cigarettes are associated with all they hold dear--beauty, popularity, sex, athletic success." After passage of the restrictions, the debate over tobacco advertising continued to be driven by such concerns even though there was remarkably little evidence that people smoke because of messages from tobacco companies."

Tags:nicotine, smoke, teenager

Abstract
This paper discusses the issue of the growing trend to identify a causal link between technological development and the appearance of health damages on the human or environmental life. It outlines the origins of this trend, the present situation and describes the various criticisms that exist.

Outline:
Introduction
Origins
Approaches to Risk Regulation
Criticism
Current status
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Starting with the early '60s, when science and people were able to identify a causal link between technological development and the appearance of health damages on the human or environmental life, a whole new multidimensional movement - the green or environmentalist movement - grew up to the point of raising ardent international debates and radically changing political agendas. Living in a world where regulation seems to be the key to species survival, the state - as the sole or main legitimate regulator - could not stand aside from the alarming issues that the environmentalist were warning about. Be it the air we breathe, the water we drink or the food we eat, be it the place where we work or how we govern our own private dwellings, all now come under more or less strict regulations imposed by the state. The western model of liberty itself - praised for its powerful freedom - seems now to come with the cost of increased responsibility. Political thinkers are even talking about a new kind of citizen - the ecological one , as opposed to the traditional types of either liberal or republican. So it is our necessary connection with these new green rules of the game, which requests a better understanding of how they appeared and what are they."

Tags:green, debates, risk, measures

Abstract
This paper explains why it is in the best interests of businesses, management, owners and employees to develop an overall business strategy leading their organization to socially responsible and sustainable behavior and operations. The writer claims that social responsibility greatly increases a company's chances of long-term success.

From the Paper
"On one extreme, there are organizations that are largely reactive and operating on the basis of short-term planning which waste a lot of time and resources launching well-funded lobbying operations to reduce or limit legal requirements for clean air, clean water, employee rights, community responsibility and so on. These organizations practice a variety of avoidance strategies while trying to meet the minimum requirements of enforcement regulations. On the other side are organizations that operate on the basis of foresight and long-term planning and aggressively search for ways to improve their financial and organizational performance by using the mandated practices as part of a positive effort. Such organizations have accepted socially and ethical responsibility as a condition for doing business and for remaining competitive. They are not doing this as response or reaction against regulatory constraints and abiding by the law; they are doing it because they feel it is the "right thing to do". The fundamental difference between the reactive organizations and the proactive ones is that the latter have taken a position of being socially responsible and taken leadership in rising to the challenge. It is the Quaker idea of doing well by doing good."

Tags:human, resources, company, management

Abstract
This paper looks at how the development projects already in place in the developing world will shortly find themselves the targets of new, restrictive regulations aimed at cutting down runaway greenhouse gas emissions. Furthermore, the paper addresses the human toll caused by climate change and how this injures the growth and development of Third World nations. The paper examines the role climate change plays in depleting natural resources that fuel important economic activities and also explores how the local tourist sectors of these countries will suffer as biologically diverse locales decline in the face of relentless global change. Last of all, climate change as a precipitator of foreign control over the economic policies of developing states is discussed with a focus upon how climate change has wrestled control for many economic initiatives out of the hand of Third World countries and placed that control firmly in the hands of international regulatory bodies dominated by western elites.

From the Paper
"Climate change has burst onto the scene in recent years as a major item of public debate. Not least of all, there is a growing awareness on the part of the public that dramatic climate change - illustrated most acutely by the trend towards a warmer earth - may inflict socio-economic costs on an enormous scale. With that in mind, this paper will look at how climate change will impact the development of under-developed lands that figure to be (and already are) hardest hit by changes in the natural environment. In particular, the paper will look at how the development projects already in..."

Tags:countries, climate, change

Abstract
This paper examines how rent control and rent stabilization have been used in a number of American cities for many decades and how, from New York to California, many cities impose rent regulations for a number of different reasons and in a number of different ways. It explores how, although these regulations can be beneficial in some cases and for some people, there are also serious drawbacks to the programs for the general population. It attempts to show that with deregulation, it is possible to ensure a fair housing market for all, including the low income, middle class, and upper class citizens and how, with slow rent increases, gradual housing development, and a provision for low income families, the housing market could return to its normal state. It looks at how, done correctly and with proper concern for all parties, landlords and tenants can both benefit from the deregulation of the housing market.

From the Paper
"Rent control, or rent stabilization, in general, can be described in current society as a limit to the amount of rent a landlord can charge a tenant for a specific living area (Clockedile, 2003). Rent control and rent stabilization laws place a ceiling on the level of rent a landlord is allowed to charge, based on the current cost of living in the area and the Consumer Price Index. In addition, rent control and rent stabilization allows tenants who have lived in the occupancy for a certain time the right to renew their lease, and limits the circumstances in which a tenant can be evicted (Pusey, 2002)."

Tags:landlords, tenants, housing, market, control, stabilization