Abstract In this article, the writer notes that the question of the backwardness of economic development in Canada's maritime region has been the subject of considerable debate among scholars and researchers. This debate has produced many possible causes for this problem, among which academics from a range of disciplines argue heatedly for this or that primary cause. This essay argues the thesis that there is no single causal explanation for the relative backwardness of maritime economic development. Instead, the writer maintains that as is seen with particular reference to the manufacturing sector, the reasons for the comparative underdevelopment of the Canadian maritime lies in the convergence of a number of factors: dependency and staple economy; the lack of local financing and control; and geography and railway freight rates.
Outline:
Introduction
The Issues in the Debate
Dependency Theory and the Staple Economy
Maritime Industries and the National Policy
The Railway and the Decline of Maritime Manufacturers
Conclusion
From the Paper "The advantage of this perspective is that it situates the problem of maritime underdevelopment within a larger historical continuum that addresses the region's economic performance and relationships not only after Confederation but before it as well. In addition, it should be noted that this approach incorporated elements of the dependency theory model with aspects of the staple theory.
"However, it should be noted that dependency theory possesses clear problems, primary among which is the fact of how empirical data seems to contradict the view inherent in dependency theory that the economic development of one area can only be achieved through the economic exploitation of another. The maritime underdevelopment problem is more complex, however, in that the data appears to contradict the simplistic application of this template.."
Tags: manufacturing, underdevelopment, export, dependency, theory
Abstract The paper reviews the life of James Hill (1838-1916), founder of the Great Northern railroad, and nicknamed "the Empire Builder". The paper also notes Hill's early involvement with the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR), and analyzes his successes in building and marketing his rail lines. The paper then analyzes the CPR and its effects on Canadian development, and reviews the earlier development of the canal infrastructure which provided waterways between the United States and Canada at the start of the 19th century. Next, the paper focuses on the Maritime Provinces and what has been written about them by various authors. Then the paper changes focus to what those writers have to say about the rest of Canada, returning to their views of travel on Canada's railroads, and especially the CPR. In conclusion, the paper finds that travel writers describe the country best when they focus on railroads and travel by rail.
From the Paper "A man of penetrating commercial vision, Hill foresaw the growth of trade with the Pacific Rim. His road would bridge this traffic from the Pacific Northwest, where he saw the logical port of entry to markets back east. He would haul cotton from the South for export to the Orient, and his freight cars would return filled with lumber from the Northwest to build the heartland. Notwithstanding his view on trains that carry people, the flagship passenger train of his Great Northern bore his nickname, the Empire Builder."
Abstract The pre-1850 economic history of the Atlantic Provinces of Canada is discussed with ample reference to Staple theory. It is argued that the early experience of Atlantic Canada contrasted markedly with more often analyzed realities in central and Western Canada. Regular mention is made of how the differing early development of the Atlantic Provinces can be seen as extending into patterns of the present.
Abstract This paper explores regional development in Canada and Australia. It summarizes some of the main characteristics of regional development policy in Australia and in Canada and provides an example from each which highlights a major difference.
From the Paper "Canada and Australia have many things in common making the differences between these two countries even more striking. For example both nations are large and resource rich. Both nations have relatively small ..."
Tags:canada, australia, regional development policies, government intervention, wealth redistribution, global economy, competitiveness
Abstract The 1900 to 1930 period was one of economic boom in Canada. This period, therefore, marks the era of modern real estate. This brief paper looks at the development of property and real estate during this 30 year period. In doing so, a very brief historical sketch of urban development is given, along with the factors that led to extensive urbanization and property development.
Abstract The paper discusses the postwar development of Canada when the economy was based on the Keynesian model. The paper also looks at the second period of the economy's development which used influences from the American system of economics. The paper then shows how the Canadian government tried to adapt the society as well as the economy to the increasing needs of globalization.
From the Paper "The postwar period represented an important challenge for the theorists as well the practitioners in the economic field. There have been wide debates on the actual structure that should be formed in order to cater for the needs of the economies throughout the world. Certain theories emerged that tried to take into account the necessities of each country as well as the necessities of a growing world economy. However, not all states were successful enough to consider all the aspects of their national economies. In this sense, some failed, while others gained increasing control over their own industrial potential and the regional one as well."
Abstract This paper explains that changes in economic activities, such as manufacturing and agriculture, are largely determined by three interconnected factors: Geographic proximity to natural resources, in technology changes and demographics changes. The author uses a number of atlas plates to make arguments about how the manufacturing structure has developed in Canada. The paper relates that agricultural trading centers have become successful and growing commercial centers, consuming high-quality agricultural land.
From the Paper "Changes in economic activities such as manufacturing and agriculture are largely determined by three interconnected factors. These factors are geographic proximity to natural resources, changes in technology and demographics. For example, in Urban Consumption of Agricultural Land Nancy Hofmann states, Many towns that started as agricultural trading centers have become successful and growing commercial centers. Part of their original comparative advantage was their proximity to productive and fertile agricultural land. Now their continuing expansion is consuming this high-quality agricultural land (Hofmann 1). What this indicates is that urban centers developed primarily because of the natural resources within the area."
Abstract This paper explores the creation of the Dutch and Portugese maritime empires, attempting to understand the primary impetus. The author maintains that in both the Dutch and Portuguese cases, means-not motivation-was the major factor in determining the creation and form of the countries' respective empires.
The Portuguese Maritime Empire in Monsoon Asia (1498-1825)
The Dutch Maritime Empire (1400-1800)
Conclusion
From the Paper "In the first stages of imperial expansion, means is more important than motivation. Some empires, such as the Dutch (though not the Portuguese), have a pre-imperialist phase of expansion in which this is particularly true. In this earliest stag, the country is simply trying to preserve the status quo, as the Dutch were trying to preserve their access to spices at the end of the 16th century. Without planning to, they lay the groundwork for imperialism-in the Dutch case, by consolidating trade under the VOC and forming alliances with Asian leaders not already allied with the Portuguese. Only when the necessary means for empire materialize does the country opportunistically and imperialistically expand."
Abstract The writer of this paper supplies a detailed explanation of e-commerce and how it works as well as the workings of the maritime industry. This paper examines and discusses the various effects of e-commerce the shipping and shipbuilding industries are currently beginning to become involved in. Maritime freight forwarders have long been involved in the fields of information technologies and use these existing and new technologies to keep up to date with many and varied aspects of their business.
Topics covered in this report include:
Thesis Statement
E-Commerce - The Wild Wild West of the Business World
Ship Owners and the Use of Information Technology
What E-Commerce Offers the Freight Forwarders
Opportunities and Threats
Downside Threats to E-Commerce and Shipping
The Future for E-Commerce and Freight Forwarding
Bibliography
From the Paper "From the Federal Maritime Commission's point of view E-commerce presents many other issues that shall need careful consideration by many parties along with the two entities to resolve. Therefore, E-commerce and Freight Forwarders particularly maritime forwarders are to say the least worlds apart if not universes apart. This is not to say however that the works of reconciliation are not underway. Indeed there has been much discussion, revision and other efforts to bring the two entities into some form of unison for several years. Dating back as far as the early 1980s the Federal Maritime Commission is devoting great energy in this area as well as have the emerging E-commerce businesses' associations."
Abstract Using Ben Carniol's "Case Critical: Challenging Social Services in Canada", as well as Larry Jonston's "Politics: An Introduction to the Modern Democratic State," this paper discusses the welfare state in Canada, the development of it and its shrinkage within the past one hundred year. The author shows evidence that the modern welfare state is shrinking in today's society because of the advancement of right wing politics and the decline of Keynesianism as a solution to the problems of the people of Canada.
From the Paper "It is important to remember that Canada did not invent the welfare state, it was merely adopted during the development of the country. It was the adoption of these welfare state ideals, that has lead Canada to develop things such as free public Health Care, Employment Insurance, public education and welfare itself. Ben Carniol (2000) explains the welfare states creation in the terms of industrial England where it first surfaced in the modern form. The creation of a welfare state began when the capitalistic owners of large factories in England were beginning to become disgruntled by the constant visitation of representatives from the numerous charitable organizations that had formed in the country to help the poor and underprivileged survive in the new society that saw the factory owners compete for profits at the expense of the men who worked for them under sometimes extremely harsh conditions. It was agreed upon that some sort of central organization for the collection of charity from the owners would be necessary to ensure that the money was going to charity and not people who had begun cheating the system in order to make money for themselves."
Abstract This paper relates that America has made Canada dependent on its own resources because of the massive military industrial complex it possesses. The author points out that, due to these economic measures, Canada is bound to resource development and is subject to foreign enterprises, which use Canadian workers for lower wages because of NAFTA. The paper states that, since Canada has not developed a stronger innovative and manufacturing sector along more nationalized lines, it will continue to be enslaved by American economic dominance.
From the Paper "The first economic aspect of the Williams/Clement article reflects the reliance upon British investment to create the groundwork for Canadian trade throughout the world. This reliance became the manufacturing sectors primary directive until economic problems in the 80's limited Canada's trade powers. In this manner, American companies gained more power in nationalizing trade by working with Canada in building up the economy. The FTA agreement helped to encourage more power from American companies that superseded Canada's own manufacturing base in Ottawa."
Abstract This essay looks at the impacts of globalization both on Canada and other developed and developing countries. Both negative and positive impacts are examined, although the focus is on the negative. Although Canada at first glance seems like it is amongst the lucky one's when it comes to globalization, there are however some dangers. The essay also examines the role of Canada in reducing some of the negative impacts.
From the Paper "This essay focuses on globalization and both the positive and negative impacts that it is bringing both to the world in general and to Canada in particular. This essay argues that although it may seem that Canada is on the 'lucky' side of the North-South dichotomy when it comes to globalization, it is still very vulnerable to many issues that globalization has brought about in the developing world. Furthermore, Canada's role in reducing the negative impacts of globalization is also addressed. What is globalization? Globalization is a process that is leading the world towards economic integration that goes beyond states and local economies."
Abstract This paper examines the economic development of Canada and Taiwan. It begins by outlining Taiwan's recent industrialization with export-oriented industries. This is contrasted with Canada's nineteenth century industrialization with an import-substitution strategy.
Abstract This paper examines how horses played a major role in the development of Canada in the era before Confederation and for some time after that date. It looks at how horses were a major means of transportation in the wild areas of Canada, how they were used to draw various forms of transportation in towns and cities and how they served as well as work animals on farms and in other capacities. It looks at how horses were a commodity and were early part of the trade settlers in Canada conducted with the United States, providing horses to buyers from the south. It also discusses how the horse served as a symbol and became a key part of various Canadian institutions, with the "mounted" section of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police being a key remainder of the importance of the horse in the past and today.
Outline
Introduction
Early Need for Horses
The Re-Introduction of the Horse
The Canadian Horse
Discussion and Conclusion
From the Paper "Throughout North America, three staple trades helped open the northern regions to economic activity. Those staples consisted of fish, fur, and timber. Later, agricultural settlement established permanent economic, social, and political life in the new regions. Settlers discovered that what was critical for the earliest European colonies in North America was that they be reasonably self supporting in terms of food production: "Farmers 'put down roots' in ways that fur traders and timber operators did not" ("The Wheat Staple and Early Agriculture"). Agriculture is usually seen as a necessary component for economic development and as the most basic element of all. Observers of the Canadian experience state that the issue is more peculiar in the Canadian case for several reasons."
Abstract This is a research paper on the topic of the legalization of same sex marriage. In this article, the writer concentrates specifically on how same sex marriage legislation has developed in Canada. The writer notes that the process began back in the 1960s and 70s, with the establishment of anti-discrimination laws for gays and lesbians. Further, the writer discusses that the actual process of changing the definition of marriage was the result of draft bill and several landmark court cases.
From the Paper "Few social issues in North America today are as controversial and divisive as the possibility of fully legalizing same sex marriage. In both Canada and the United States, the tentative steps that have been taken toward full legalization have accelerated in the past few years, to the point that the new definition of marriage is on the brink of becoming legal in Canada. In this matter the United States lags considerably behind Canada, in that marriage licenses are being granted to same sex couples by some communities following their own independent decision to do so."
