Abstract
This paper reviews the peer-reviewed and scholarly literature, as well as organizational and governmental online resources to determine how physics can be used to help developing nations become self-sufficient in food and water production. It particularly focuses on treadle irrigation pumps and how they have been accepted by developing nations.

Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Review
Summary

From the Paper
"The treadle pump costs much less to operate, having no fuel and only limited repair and maintenance costs. For example, a cost analysis by Hyman (1995), cited in Perry & Dotson) compared treadle pumps and motorized pumps used in Senegal; this analysis showed that a cubic meter of water used in the irrigation of 0.5 hectares had an equivalent cost of $0.08 when supplied by the treadle pump which was just less than half the $0.17 cost for the same amount of water delivered by a motorized pump (Perry & Dotson, 2005).
The treadle pump also possesses a number of features which set it apart from other non-motorized irrigation pumps."

Tags:treadle, Africa, Asia, agriculture, infrastructure

Abstract
This paper briefly explores issues in dental hygiene in developing nations and rural areas. First, the paper addresses how culture may impact a patient's view of dental hygiene, and further suggests strategies for the practitioner to use when interacting with those from different nations. Then, the paper discusses dental health issues of the developing world. The World Health Organization's (WHO) recommendations for maintaining dental health and prevention are presented. Programs for promoting dental health in rural Alberta are also described. The paper concludes with a consideration of dental issues faced by many elderly in Mexico.

From the Paper
"Moreover cultural differences play such an important role in the practicing of dental care that the author suggests the best philosophy to adhere to for a dental hygienist is a "holistic" one. That philosophy supports a welcoming attitude by the professional no matter what cultural background the patient represents. The dental hygienist should open up communication with patients from other countries and cultures by finding some common ground, the text offers on page 66. The best way to help the patient who is from another country or culture is to practice "cross-cultural competence" - that is, do some homework on that particular culture; speak softly and slowly and use positive body language; and be respectful, kind, and warm towards that person."

Tags:World Health Organization, WHO, Mexico, elderly

Abstract
This paper analyzes globalization in developing countries, contrasting the arguments made by neoliberal theorists and dependency theorists. The paper quotes the argument that the key factor limiting development in much of the world is the continued dominance of rent-collecting elites, neither caused by nor eliminated by globalization.

From the Paper
"In the last few years, globalization has become a topic of global controversy. Since the late ?'s, major trade conferences and other institutional events associated with economic globalization have become regular sites of mass protests, the protesters evidently being fully as globalized in character as the organizations that they are protesting against. Many of the specific objections to economic globalization are local in spite of the global scope of the anti-globalization movement."

Tags:globalization, development, dependency, neoliberalism, poverty, inequality, profits, rent-collecting, elites

Abstract
This paper gives an in-depth analysis of the benefits and drawbacks of international trade for developing countries. First, the paper examines the benefits of globalization and free-trade for developing nations, including the increase in annual income for the country which results in a decline in poverty. On the other hand, it also considers the drawbacks of international trade, such as a lack of experience for third world nations in negotiating economic treaties and therefore giving concessions that are not in their best interest. This unequal exchange between industrial countries and developing countries is further considered in light of its economic costs. The paper concludes by highlighting the point that participating in the global market does help Third World countries, however those Third World countries need to develop the sophistication regarding international trade negotiations to be sure they get a fair deal.

From the Paper
"When there are "unequal exchanges" between industrial countries and developing countries there are likely to be two economic costs paid: one, a lower degree of access to foreign markets is likely, hampering globalization efforts for the developing; and two, by experiencing a "weakening of their bargaining power" through giving too many concessions to the more experienced, more powerful industrial countries, developing countries will pay a cost both in lost revenue potential and in public perceptions of their stability in the market."

Tags:third world nations, industrial nations, tariffs, World Trade Organization

Abstract
The following paper outlines how third-world sovereignty has been diminished by globalization. Chiefly, the paper looks at the realities of an interconnected global economy as well as the rise of new technologies that make it easier for MNCs and NGOs to move capital and human resources across national borders. The paper also looks at what all of this means as well for big business.

From the Paper
"Globalization has greatly impacted the sovereignty of developing countries in two fundamental ways: it has made the national governments of fledgling states vulnerable to control at the hands of western multinationals; and it has compelled non-western nations to adopt western labour standards and western labour regulations. As it pertains to international business, it may be said that the subordination of third-world sovereignty to globalizing phenomena is a double-edged sword insofar as, yes, international business can more easily than ever before transport its business holdings and assets to countries congenial to its interests but, at the same time, the western labour standards the international business community eagerly seeks to avoid can be enforced even in third-world states."

Tags:global, business, states

Abstract
This essay tells of Uzbekistan's endeavor to become a developed nation. It details the many problems associated with the transformation of Uzbekistan into a developing country. Some of these problems include corruption, problems with the country's arid terrain and the challenge of switching from a policy of havoc to one of order with the necessary government agencies in place. The paper then presents the different steps that are necessary to be to taken in order to ensure a successful transformation. The author then discusses the prospects for successful development when faced with many difficult challenges.

From the Paper
"In Uzbekistan state enterprises are being changed into shareholding companies, and private enterprises account for 45 percent of all registered firms. However, these businesses make decisions to set prices, output, and investment on a non-market base. Economic reform has been limited and frequently ineffective. Foreign investment has been low, and the government of Uzbekistan has been reluctant to undertake the reform measures advocated by the IMF, The World Bank, and other international economic organizations. Corruption, inefficiency, and bureaucratic resistance frequently stifle efforts to develop new business initiatives."

Tags:former, nation, soviet, union, uzbekistan, planning, central, desert, grow, political, annexation, institutions, havoc, moscow, transport, telecommunications, reform, structural, imf, foreign, exchange

Abstract
The paper looks at sustainable development in less-affluent or developing nations and asserts that Philip Woodhouse is correct in his general belief that sustainable development in many parts of the world is not possible unless dramatic attitudinal and political change is undertaken. The paper looks at the history of the environmental movement, the circumstances many poor nations find themselves in as they try to affect positive change, and the role played by powerful developing nations in keeping sustainable development in the developing world a "pipe dream" when it is a practical possibility with strong investment and committed international oversight. In the end, the paper concludes that both the Third World and the First World can make the situation bearable if they are prepared to summon the will to do so.

From the Paper
'The following paper will look at sustainable development in less-affluent or developing nations and assert that Philip Woodhouse is correct in his general belief that sustainable development in many parts of the world is not possible unless dramatic attitudinal and political change is undertaken. The next several pages will look at the history of the environmental movement, the straitened circumstances many poor nations find themselves in as they try to affect positive change, and the role played by powerful developing nations in keeping sustainable development in the developing world a "pipe dream" when it is a practical possibility..."

Tags:sustainable, development, environment

Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the G7 nations of Canada, France, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, Japan, and the United States remain some of the most powerful economic forces in the world today, yet they seem unable to exert any real pressure upon China according to Reuters reporter Louise Egan. Their conflict with China over China's currency value exemplifies the greater power held by developing nations in the current world economy. The writer points out that despite increasing pressure from the G7 nations to ensure that China's currency more accurately reflect its real value, China seems unlikely to allow its currency rise according to G7 demands.

From the Paper
"Once upon a time when the U.S. caught an 'economic cold,' the rest of the world, particularly the G24 nations would catch the flu. Now that has changed. Furthermore, of the powerful, developed nations, the EU block countries rather than America and Japan exercise more dominance and have more confidence in the wake of difficulties when negotiating with the developing world.
"The IMF has been somewhat caught in the middle of this war between the G7 and G24 war for dominance. Because it has an inclusive membership policy for all nations, it strives to be accommodating rather than polarizing, especially after it was criticized for being unduly harsh to developing nations when they were suffering their own financial difficulties. "

Tags:intervention, powerful, currency, nations

Abstract
This paper looks at whether or not richer states are morally obliged to assist poorer states in their efforts at economic development. Using Rawls's distributive justice model as the backbone of the paper, it is concluded that such an obligation does exist in practice, though there is no underlying compulsion for states to assist others other than in their own self interest. The study concludes by arguing that the more important question may actually be what rich states can actually do to ameliorate inequality. In the end, it seems that good intentions and deeds may not be enough to overcome the natural laws of inequality.

Abstract
This report uncovers some of the trends in financial integration through globalization do in fact help developing nations grow faster and how financial integration affects macroeconomic volatility. The paper also suggests some benefits of financial globalization and how these scenarios could, if used properly, be fully harnessed. Through an examination of variables such as fixed and floating exchange rates, macroeconomic volatility and the roles played by governments, this report hones in on effects of financial globalization on developing countries. Includes several graphs and tables.
Introduction
Brief History of Globalization and Financial Globalization
Summary and Main Theme of the Paper
Organization of the Paper
Necessary Elements for Successful Financial Globalization
Benefits from Successful Financial Globalization
Conditions of Developing Countries for Accepting Financial Integration
Risks of Financial Globalization for Developing Countries
Does Financial Integration Help Developing Countries Grow Faster?
How Does it Affect Macroeconomic Volatility in These Countries?
How Can the Benefits of Financial Globalization be Fully Harnessed?
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Another way to harness globalization is to have sound government operations that promote strong and positive investment inflows from the international mutual funds. This government must be fully cognizant that they may have to relinquish some internal power so as to enhance the communication with the established global powers to be. Developing countries also can not overlook the risk factors that come along with the financial globalization. "Capital controls are advocated both as a way of preventing and managing this latter type of crisis, and as a regulatory remedy to mitigate excess borrowing in the first place, when financial regulation is too weak to address the moral hazard incentives of explicit and implicit government guarantees. (Little & Olivei, 1999)
Their independent macroeconomic policies and domestic governance does affect the entire process and an overvalued exchange rate or overextended domestic lending boom could create a global crisis. Developing nations must grasp that transparency entails dealing with international investors who may destabilize a developing country's financial markets if they are allowed to run free. Thus, to best harness and derive the benefits from financial globalization, developing nations must establish a foundation that is based on the volatility of international capital flows, macroeconomic policies and a sound governmental base."

Tags:floating, exchange, rates, international