Abstract This paper discusses the links between poverty and environmental damage in the developingcountries and their implication for sustainable development. Two developingcountries are used as case studies
Tags: ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES AND ECOLOGY / POLLUTION AND DEVELOPMENT, links poverty environment
Abstract This article looks at the impact of current industrial technology on developingcountries. In this essay, the writer includes a look at historical development and globalization. Emerging technologies and other related issues are also discussed. The writer looks at the connection between "developed" countries and a high level of industrialization and industrial technology.
From the Paper "The degree of access to and use of industrial technology in the broad sense is by far the primary factor distinguishing the world's rich nations from its poor ones. The world's rich nations are with few exceptions highly industrialized while the world's poor ones are with equally few exceptions lacking in industrial technology. Industrialization is far more important to development than are natural resources. Many impoverished nations have an abundance of resources while wealthy and technically advanced Japan has very few natural resources ... "
Abstract The paper explores the stance of the World Trade Organization (WTO) in regards to its policy of accession with developingcountries and specific restrictions on trade for other countries. The paper focuses on Kyrgyzstan and further developments of the WTO with Russia and China. The paper provides a brief synopsis on globalization and capital to shed light on the effects of trade on the global economy.
From the Paper "The World Trade Organization has, since the Doha Ministerial Conference in 2001 had at the center of its policy the enhancement of developing countries with trade. The Committee on Trade and Development deals with economy issues facing less developed countries (that is less developed in the areas of agriculture, or natural resources) and works on trade related issues that may arise from such shortcomings.
"Another area by which the WTO has interacted with developing countries is through technology. The WTO has set forth specific goals for accessible technologies to be traded between countries whether or not they are developing or already developed in technology. Agriculture and technology are key components of the Doha Ministerial Conference because they allow for multilateral trade. The WTO has two-thirds of its members as developing countries so their inclusion in policy and multilateral trade is essential to the role of the World Trade Organization (Ingco 2004)."
Abstract This paper examines the elements that determine why some developingcountries have managed to achieve higher rates of economic growth in the post-Second World War period while others have stagnated in comparison. The paper tests several theoretical frameworks and models developed in order to see if these can explain the differences, and if not, why not.
Tags: globalization, economic growth, Kenya, Malaysia, developing nation, capitalism
Abstract This paper discusses how like everything else in life, the Internet has its darker side and how the developingcountries experience it more than the developedcountries. In particular, it examines how certain countries in Asia are dealing with theses negative impacts. The countries looked at are Malaysia, India and the Philippines and how they are dealing with the digital divide; Thailand, India and China and how they are dealing with exclusion by language; and Myanmar (Burma), Vietnam and Singapore and how they are dealing with cultural pollution.
Outline:
Abstract
Table of contents
Chapter one - Introduction
1.1 Background
1.2 Problem statement
1.3 Objectives
1.4 Research Questions
1.5 Relevance of the Research
1.6 Scope and Limitation
1.7 Research Methodology
Chapter two - Literature Review
2.1 Early History of the Internet: The First Twenty Years
2.2 The Internet and DevelopingCountries 2.2.1 Internet Statistics - Host Distribution and User Demography
2.2.2 Cost and Fees
2.3 Positive Impacts of the Internet on DevelopingCountries 2.3.1 Education and Research
2.3.2 Health
2.3.3 Job Transfer into the Third World
2.4 Negative Impacts of the Internet on DevelopingCountries 2.4.1 The Digital Divide
2.4.2 Exclusion by Language
2.4.3 Cultural Pollution
Chapter Three - Methodology
3.1 Introduction
3.1.1 Nature of the Research
3.1.2 Cost
3.1.3 Accessibility
3.2 Advantages of Library/Desk Research
3.3 Disadvantages of Library/Desk Research
3.1.3 Accessibility
3.2 Advantages of Library/Desk Research
3.3 Disadvantages of Library/Desk Research
Chapter Four - Findings
4.1 Dealing with the Digital Divide
4.1.1 Malaysia and the Multimedia Super Corridor
4.1.2 India and the Software Technology Parks
4.1.3 The Philippines and her Plan to Bridge the Digital Divide
4.2 Dealing with Exclusion by Language
4.2.1 Thailand
4.2.2 China
4.2.3 India
4.3 Dealing with Cultural Pollution
4.3.1 Myanmar (Burma)
4.3.2 Vietnam
4.3.3 Singapore
Chapter Five - Summary of Findings, Limitations of the Study, Suggestions for Further Research and Conclusions
Summary of findings
Limitations of the Study
Suggestions for Further Research
Conclusion
References
From the Paper "In the Philippines, it is a similar story as that of Malaysia and India, in that the government is involved in the attempt to bridge the digital divide. In 2001, Macapagal-Arroyo's administration proved that it was serious about using information and communications technology to eliminate poverty. The president allocated an entire chapter of her economic agenda to bridging the so-called digital divide (Calimag, 2001). The Socioeconomic Planning Secretary Dante Canlas said that in the medium term, the Philippines government was committed to address the digitally disenfranchised, that is those who do not have access to computers. The government, he said, would address the continuing disparities in access to high-quality technologies. He stressed that in order for the country to live up to its goal of becoming a software development center and e-services hub of Asia, it had to strive to give firms and households access to quality information in real time. "
Abstract This report uncovers some of the trends in financial integration through globalization do in fact help developing nations grow faster and how financial integration affects macroeconomic volatility. The paper also suggests some benefits of financial globalization and how these scenarios could, if used properly, be fully harnessed. Through an examination of variables such as fixed and floating exchange rates, macroeconomic volatility and the roles played by governments, this report hones in on effects of financial globalization on developingcountries. Includes several graphs and tables.
Introduction
Brief History of Globalization and Financial Globalization
Summary and Main Theme of the Paper
Organization of the Paper
Necessary Elements for Successful Financial Globalization
Benefits from Successful Financial Globalization
Conditions of DevelopingCountries for Accepting Financial Integration
Risks of Financial Globalization for DevelopingCountries Does Financial Integration Help DevelopingCountries Grow Faster?
How Does it Affect Macroeconomic Volatility in These Countries?
How Can the Benefits of Financial Globalization be Fully Harnessed?
Conclusion
From the Paper "Another way to harness globalization is to have sound government operations that promote strong and positive investment inflows from the international mutual funds. This government must be fully cognizant that they may have to relinquish some internal power so as to enhance the communication with the established global powers to be. Developing countries also can not overlook the risk factors that come along with the financial globalization. "Capital controls are advocated both as a way of preventing and managing this latter type of crisis, and as a regulatory remedy to mitigate excess borrowing in the first place, when financial regulation is too weak to address the moral hazard incentives of explicit and implicit government guarantees. (Little & Olivei, 1999)
Their independent macroeconomic policies and domestic governance does affect the entire process and an overvalued exchange rate or overextended domestic lending boom could create a global crisis. Developing nations must grasp that transparency entails dealing with international investors who may destabilize a developing country's financial markets if they are allowed to run free. Thus, to best harness and derive the benefits from financial globalization, developing nations must establish a foundation that is based on the volatility of international capital flows, macroeconomic policies and a sound governmental base."
Abstract There is great economic divergence between the countries of the world. The so-called first world or developedcountries are affluent and growing richer, while the so-called third world or developingcountries are poor, and some of them are growing poorer. The paper shows that economists are not entirely in agreement, but it does seem that economic divergence between developedcountries and developingcountries is increasing.
From the Paper "There is great economic divergence among the countries of the world. The first world or developed countries are affluent and growing richer, while the third world or developing countries are poor, and some of them are growing poorer. Economists are not entirely in agreement, but it does seem that economic divergence among developed countries and developing countries is increasing. Different explanations are offered for this, but most economists agree that corruption in developing countries is a major factor. This corruption must be traced back to its true roots: the wealthy companies from developed countries that stimulate this corruption by offering bribes."
Abstract The paper discusses how advances in technology have figuratively shrunk the world, linking all four corners of the globe and facilitating global relationships. The writer examines how, despite the challenges of insensitive development of globalized free trade, in general, the positive benefits of this policy far outweigh the disadvantages. The paper notes that globalization has brought rapid prosperity to many developingcountries and that because of the liberalization of free trade policies, poverty levels have fallen dramatically in many developingcountries. The paper concludes that because of this economic growth, millennium development goals are on track for many countries, with a hope of reducing the world's poor to approximately 600 million, by the year 2015.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Global Overview of Poverty Statistics
Economic Performance and the Reduction of Poverty
Malaysia
China
El Salvador
Challenges to Globalization as a Reducer of Poverty: Free Trade and the Rice Sector
Other Challenges to Globalization: Higher Unemployment Rates
Doha Development Round: The Future of Economic Development in the War Against Global Poverty
Conclusion
From the Paper "Ten countries, with agricultural export potential, were analyzed in a WTO commissioned research study. In the study, East Asia and Europe were identified as leading winners to trade reform in both the short and the long-term. "In Brazil, liberalization would drive rapid poverty reduction by prompting increased agricultural production and employment in regions with relatively higher poverty incidence, while in China, the poor would gain as exports would increase to agricultural markets in East Asia that are highly protected at the present" ("Poverty & the WTO", 2005)."
Abstract This essay shows why developingcountries should not fear MNEs. This essay discusses economic factors pertaining to this issue. Following a detailed analysis of the impact of MNEs, the writer demonstrates the case of South Korea, which is one of the 'Four Tigers'. The South Korea case forms an excellent example of the point made here above, namely, that MNEs and their investments need not to be feared but rather be encouraged by developingcountries.
1. Introduction
2. Analytical Framework
2.1. The Nature of MNEs and Proposed Investment
2.2. Host Countries' Attributes
3. The Impact of MNEs on DevelopingCountries 3.1. Resource Transfer Effects
3.1.1. Capital
3.1.2. Technology
3.1.3. Management
3.1.4. Criticisms
3.2. Competition
3.3. Balance of Payments Account
3.4. Employment
4. The Case: South Korea
5. Conclusion
6. Reference List
From the Paper "Today's global economy characterized by free trade, free flow of capital and to certain extent free flow of management and technical personnel, is embodied by multinational enterprises (MNEs). Since the end of World War II, MNEs have made substantial investment for operating business in many developing countries. History has shown that MNEs, which undertook foreign direct investments (FDI) in developing countries, strongly contributed to the economic growth of these host countries, hence to the improvement of their living standards. The advantages of FDI generated by MNEs outweighed by far the disadvantages of FDI and the presence of MNEs in these countries, respectively. This is exhibited especially in the case of the four Tiger States in Asia, but also in Latin America and partly in Africa. In the end, the free market system has always proved itself as the major catalyst for economic growth."
Abstract This study identifies potential hurdles and problems that are associated with information systems and technology setup in developingcountries. This study also identifies the current issues existing in many developing markets and the effects that these conditions have on information system implementation. It shows how studies indicated that politics, law, culture, economics, technology infrastructure, and the availability of skilled personnel have greatly influenced the difference of key issues in IS management between developed and developingcountries. It is considered important, therefore, to understand countries? IS needs and requirements. The information gained though this study helps an individual review the conditions that exist in any region and review factors that have the potential to vary the results.
Chapter: 1 Introduction
1.1 Background of the Study
1.2 Purpose and Objective
1.3 Limitations of the Study
Chapter: 2 Literature Review
Chapter: 3 Methodology
Chapter: 4 Discussion and Review
Chapter: 5 Conclusion
Chapter: 6 Bibliography
From the Paper "The advantages of implementing an information and technology system in any country are numerous. There are however, many hurdles and constraints. These have to be overcome prior to the implementation of these systems. These issues are further compounded in developing countries, which might not always have the necessary supporting infrastructures such as telecommunication and supporting services (qualified personnel) needing for the smooth running of the entire system. The great strides made by China and India is recent times with respect to the advancement and development of IT systems however, are testimony to the fact that even developing countries with limited prior infrastructure can makes great leaps in their economies through use of information systems and technology."
Abstract This paper examines how economic development of any country promotes the trade and business and how free trade and liberalization in trade policies, on behalf of the governments, help the businesses to flourish and effectively compete in the world market. The writer covers the issues related to the economic development of the developing nations and discusses the aspects that have caused hindrance in the economic development of these countries. Finally the paper cites the example of a developingcountry (India) and discusses how liberalization in trade has helped it in making remarkable achievements with respect to economic growth and to bring improvements in its industry and trade.
From the Paper "In an era of increased globalization and advancements in technology, it has become increasingly important for all of the nations of the world to keep bringing improvements in their economic infrastructure and to expand their businesses on the global scale. It has been observed that without a reasonable level of economic development any country cannot gain a competitive position in the world market. This is the dilemma faced by most of the developed nations of the world."
Abstract The domestic factors that hold back development in a country usually emanate from bad or weak governance giving rise to conditions such as violence and armed conflict, widespread corruption, lack of infrastructure, lack of social cohesion, weak institutions, and urban bias, among others. In this paper, the writer examines some of these "internal" factors that constraint development and promote poverty in the developingcountries.
Outline:
Introduction
Theories about Underdevelopment
Lack of Good Governance
1. Violence
2. Corruption
3. Over-population
4. Urban Bias
5. Lack of Infrastructure, Weak Institutions
Conclusion
From the Paper "There are different theories about what causes underdevelopment in a country but there is no agreement among social scientists and economists about them. The cultural background, ideologies and biases usually determine the beliefs of individuals about these theories. People and experts in the developing countries tend to believe the "external" theories for underdevelopment that emphasize factors such as an unjust world order and the effects of colonization and Western exploitation for their underdevelopment. The experts in the developed world consist mainly of "internal theorists" who highlight the intrinsic cultural values and aptitudes of the people and the behavior and policies of the ruling elite that constraint development. They believe that lack of legal structures and strong institutions in the underdeveloped world generally lead to a break down in the rule of law which, in turn, promote corruption, exploitation of the weak and vulnerable, and an environment of chaos and anarchy?all of them combining to block development. "
Abstract This essay tells of Uzbekistan's endeavor to become a developed nation. It details the many problems associated with the transformation of Uzbekistan into a developingcountry. Some of these problems include corruption, problems with the country's arid terrain and the challenge of switching from a policy of havoc to one of order with the necessary government agencies in place. The paper then presents the different steps that are necessary to be to taken in order to ensure a successful transformation. The author then discusses the prospects for successful development when faced with many difficult challenges.
From the Paper "In Uzbekistan state enterprises are being changed into shareholding companies, and private enterprises account for 45 percent of all registered firms. However, these businesses make decisions to set prices, output, and investment on a non-market base. Economic reform has been limited and frequently ineffective. Foreign investment has been low, and the government of Uzbekistan has been reluctant to undertake the reform measures advocated by the IMF, The World Bank, and other international economic organizations. Corruption, inefficiency, and bureaucratic resistance frequently stifle efforts to develop new business initiatives."
Abstract The paper points out that businesses in developingcountries are prospering, but they are dependant on foreign direct investment (FDI). The paper then goes on to criticize the FDI in that it directs its efforts mainly towards large businesses and as a result the small facilities lose out, instead of it benefiting them and their economies. Next, the paper discusess a case study of Africa to demonstrate how to determine whether a business should move into a particular country or whether a company should attempt financing to grow and expand in a particular country. The paper uses Sub-Saharan Africa to show how this should be done and everything that should be known about a place.
Outline:
Introduction
Foreign Direct Investment
The Growth of Third World Countries Case Study - Africa
Conclusion
From the Paper "Foreign direct investment has been around for some time, and it is important to understand this. More recently, however, FDI has moved into many more countries - quite a few of which are still developing, and many of which have a multitude of small businesses, such as those found in many villages and small towns in Africa. Those that have invested in already developed countries in the past have, in general, done well with these investments, because the economies of these countries are growing so strongly. However, those that invest in developing countries are also doing well, but in a more long-term way. When someone, or some business, invests in a country that is still developing, there is no great expectation of immediate wealth. Many of these countries do not have a lot of money, and their economies are troubled and sluggish to some extent. Since the economies of these countries are slow to perform, the businesses that are in these countries have the same problems."
Tags: foreign, direct, investment, third, world, africa, developing, countries
Abstract This paper examines the changing nature of the relationship between the developing world and the World Trade Organization (WTO). The ministerial marketing in Cancun in 2003 saw the developingcountries form a political coalition that effectively countered the historical hegemony of the developed world in pushing through its agenda for neoliberal economic reform.
From the Paper "Very few headlines of significance point to a non-event. Yet the failure of the 5th Ministerial Conference of the World Trade Organization in Cancun, Mexico in September 2003 was just such an occasion. The meeting of trade officials from 149 member states had an ambitious agenda before it. Topping the list was continued talks on harmonization of trade in agriculture and services begun in 2000. There were also sweeping new issues, first proposed in 2001 at the Doha Ministerial meeting, members had to a consensus on: non-agricultural tariffs, the environment, enforcing anti-dumping prohibitions, curtailing direct or indirect anti-competitive government subsidies of commercial enterprises and rules governing intellectual property rights. Deadlines for agreements on most of the..."
