Abstract This is a policy proposal for reducing serious crime by legalizingprostitution. The purpose is to reduce serious crime against women prostitutes. The paper discusses the relevant issues involved including health factors, moral concerns, human rights concerns, and also whether legalizingprostitution would prove effective.
From the Paper This research examines as a policy proposal legalizing prostitution so as to reduce serious crimes against women. The plan of the research will be to set forth relevant issues and then discuss how legalizing prostitution would reduce crime and reasons that ..."
Abstract This paper examines the detrimentaleffects of legalizingprostitution, and explains why sanctioning and punitive options are much more effective than creating a legal, economic prostitution market. The writer points out how the legalization of prostitution would only serve to promote the sex industry and provide it economic and political power. The writer strongly asserts that one of the most important issues that many advocates of legalizedprostitution overlook is the promotion of child prostitution. The writer also believes that human rights and health issues, in addition to the moral conflict that surrounds prostitution, should be the main reasons for not legalizingprostitution.
From the Paper "Similar to the ethical debate for the legalization of narcotics and marijuana, prostitution invokes moral and social conflicts unlike any other issue. Prostitution is one of the oldest female occupations in the history of the world, and the sale of sex and the female body has always been a hotbed of debate. With the growing influence of the adult entertainment industry, governments are running out of regulatory options. Many government officials are forced to look at the option of legalizing prostitution, in an effort to economize the market and provide legal jobs for women. The argument for legalization stems from the theory of decriminalization, rather than the government intervening with morality on its coattails."
Abstract This paper includes a brief overview of the history of prostitution in America. Following, an analysis of the benefits and effects of legalizingprostitution in today's society including statistical support for the legalization of prostitution, the paper argues legalizingprostitution will help prevent the spread of disease and protect women engaged in this profession from unnecessary violence and abuse.
Outline:
Introduction
History
Prostitution in the Modern Era
Conclusions
From the Paper ""Sex" work is nothing new; for centuries women in American have engaged in alternative work including prostitution (Scambler & Scambler, 1997; Roberts, 1992). With prostitution however, also comes stigmatization of women and "reduced civil liberties and rights of human dignity" as well as rapidly rising risks for disease or death for many women engaged in this form of employment (Scambler & Scambler, 1997, p. 3). Prostitution has been a profession since ancient times; in Ancient Greek society for example, prostitutions were known as autonomous individuals holding a certain status in society (Scambler & Scambler, 1997). It was only during the growth and expansion of Christianity and other religions in America that prostitution became associated with a "bad girl" image, suggesting women engaged in prostitution were "sinners" acting against puritan idealisms of "social purity" and morality (Scambler & Scambler, 1997). These ideals however, did not consider the economic poverty that often drove many women into prostitution, nor a woman's right to choose her line of work and enjoy greater autonomy (Roberts, 1992)."
A case for legalizingprostitution on the grounds that women generally receive a greater level of respect and acceptance for their profession in countries where prostitution is legal.
1,900 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 8 sources, 2002, $ 71.95
Abstract This essay makes a case for legalizingprostitution. It argues that women generally receive a greater level of respect and acceptance for their profession in countries where prostitution is legal. They also receive more protection from routine police abuse, and get better medical care. However, the very nature of the profession means that the legalization of prostitution still comes with some stigmas and problems continue to proliferate even where it is legal. This essay still makes a claim for the legalization of prostitution, which, in spite of the problems that continue to be associated with it, tends to offer a safer service both for the individuals in the profession, and for their clientele. .
Abstract This paper discusses the need for the decriminalization or legalization of prostitution in the United States for the benefit of both sex workers and average citizens. It provides an analysis of legalprostitution as compared to illegal prostitution and the concept of privacy rights in regards to the sale of one's own body. It also discusses the impact of religion on the legislative process.
From the Paper "The issue of prostitution in the United States is one that has been constantly debated throughout the years. Those who wish prostitution to remain illegal claim that prostitution is harmful to society both morally and physically. Supporters of decriminalization and legalization, on the other hand, feel that prostitution is a harmless private act or a "victimless crime." While matters of sexuality will always be debated and are deep personal choices of all individuals, the benefits of doing away with the archaic prohibition of "the world's oldest profession" are clear. When one analyzes the issue from a moral standpoint, the argument comes down to the common goal of any system of ethics, which is a society in which individuals do the greatest good for themselves and others in any manner of their choosing so long as they do not harm any others. One must ask then, which system provides the greatest good while doing the least harm? The system of prohibition in which a holier-than-thou attitude creates second-class citizens, ignores the problems of prostitution altogether (until said problems affect "normal" citizens), and denies individuals a way to earn a living, or the system of legalization which gives dignity to sex workers, gives them freedom and resources to practice their business in the safest and healthiest ways possible, and participate in a tradition that has been practiced in private since the earliest times of civilization? Clearly, the legalization of prostitution would be an action of great moral value in that it would provide sex workers with the freedom to control their own bodies, achieve legal equality with the rest of society, access healthcare and legal services as a normal American citizen, and receive the same acceptance of any other human being in functioning society."
Abstract This paper explains that the premise of the argument against legalizingprostitution within the United States rests on the devaluation of female identity within society as women will be promoted as mere objects of male sexual aggression and patriarchal institutions. The author points out that the basis for arguing against the legalization of prostitution revolves around the issue of what is moral in society in regards to the law. The paper relates that proponents for legalization often cite ideological reasons for allowing a regulatory governing body to control underage victimization of female prostitutes; however, this will not end the cycles of abuse. The paper concludes that a more matriarchal construct to regulation, which allows women of a mature age to freely choose their profession, might be realistic, but the current patriarchic governments would not provide these regulations within the framework of legalization.
From the Paper "This point of view from opposing countries defines how women in government act as agents that defy the premise that legalization will only help the condition of female prostitutes that are supposedly being supported by the government. The reality of German prostitution is that government is turning away from regulation, as can be seen in the sex booths provided at the World Cup by the German government. If this is a form of regulation, then the often victimized and kidnapped women from foreign countries being allowed at German events is a premonition of what conditions might be like for lower class and disenfranchised women in the United States."
Tags: devaluation, female identity, military germany patriarchic
Abstract The paper asserts that the detriments of legalization clearly outweigh the benefits from a social standpoint as well as from a public health perspective. The paper suggests that adjusting the current campaign on drug abuse and the sale of drugs is an alternative to legalization. The paper is of the opinion that this limits the need to provide federal oversight and sponsorship of a drug that is still questionable in its benefits to public health and society.
Outline:
Health Detriments of Marijuana
Social Implications
From the Paper "The growing static surrounding the legalization of marijuana has increased over the past 20 years due to the rise of medical marijuana use and the strict laws the encompass the possession of marijuana. The maturation of the baby boomer generation is providing a vocal venue in which to platform the legalization of marijuana. However, what are the true benefits of legalizing marijuana? Will the legalization of this drug resolve the issues of black market sales and a decrease in recreational use? Most likely, the legalization of marijuana will only serve to perpetuate recreational use and instigate a governmental nightmare in regulation and policymaking."
Abstract This paper discusses how the decriminalization of prostitution in Toronto may be advantageous for sex workers. It states that although women are supposedly equal in Canada, somehow thousands of Canadian women still end up in sex work - a line of work in which they are at risk of violence, diseases and death. The paper argues that laws meant to protect society actually victimize people who are already at the bottom rung of society - marginalized, poor women - as well as a smaller group of male and transsexual prostitutes, and even some children. Law enforcers and the public frequently launch campaigns aimed at removing sex workers altogether - such as closing brothels and massage parlors. This does not remove sex workers - it merely makes them less safe. The paper concludes that protecting the rights of sex workers and decriminalizing prostitution will help to protect their safety and welfare.
From the Paper "The lives of sex workers are fraught with risks and threats. For example, by the very nature of their work, they are at risk of contracting a range of sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV, which is usually terminal. One might argue that sex workers should protect themselves by practicing safe sex. However, the reality is that these people are in a very disempowered position in society, and consequently, they are very often not in a position to insist on safe sex practices. A key part of their disempowerment is that they have little recourse to the law. In other words, if they are forced to have unsafe sex, they do not feel safe in laying a charge with the police. This is because their line of work is circumscribed by laws that aim to end prostitution, and therefore they do not feel safe phoning the police. Thus, one of the key reasons why the legal system pertaining to sex work should be changed is that this would facilitate equal rights to police protection for sex workers - who desperately need such protection."
Tags: sex workers, crime legallegalizationprostitute prejudice victimization violence
Abstract This paper analyzes a survey that appeared in "The Economist," which examined the economic and social impact of the legalization of drugs around the world. It focuses on the microeconomic effectslegalization would have and analyzes data presented in the survey using tools and methods that are taught at intermediate level economics classes. This paper examines the effects of legalization on price, demand, consumption and distribution.
From the Paper "Regardless of the moral or political positions one takes on the use or trade of illicit substances, one has to appreciate the complexity and the organization of the world drug trade. The drug trade is a truly global industry, as the production and distribution of illegal substances requires participation from, and relatively unmatched cooperation between, different groups from nearly every corner of the world. As impressive as the geographic scope of the drug trade is the economic prowess of the industry, which generates annual sales of somewhere between $150 and $400 billion, based on different estimates. The industry's illegitimate status also makes it one of the most dangerous in the world for those who participate at all levels, from producers to distributors, and even to consumers. The drug trade also causes enormous problems, both financially and socially, to nearly every nation involved - and not just from the questionable nature of the drugs themselves, but also because of the tactics employed by the world's most powerful governments, especially by the United States, to eliminate, curb, or otherwise control the flow of illegal substances. In the survey in The Economist, powerful arguments are presented that try to establish that the policies and enforcement strategies of the world's powers against the drug trade cause far greater harm than the industry does itself. Further, the survey argues a great deal of the problems caused by the drug industry to nations and peoples around the world are more a result of these policies and tactics than anything inherent in the industry or the substances themselves. The survey presents a number of arguments from both a social standpoint and an economic perspective as to how the United States and the rest of the world might benefit from the legalization of illicit substances. In this paper the focus will be on the economic evidence presented in the survey and its correlation with the theory of the firm and the consumer in microeconomics."
A research paper that gives a detailed overview on the legalization of marijuana, an analysis of its medical uses and an insight into laws surrounding the controversy.
Abstract This paper is an in-depth look at why marijuana's use for medical application is a purpose important enough to legalize the substance with pharmaceutical control by the government. The author examines scientific and historical background of marijuana, and the lack of public information on marijuana.
Outline
Medical marijuana use.
Ancient use of marijuana
Marijuana used for religion and other things.
Facts about marijuana.
Research on marijuana's potential abuse.
Lack of public information on marijuana
?Legal? drugs abuse
Media hype of marijuana
Ethnic tendency towards abuse
Marijuana and cancer chemotherapy
Marijuana and AIDS
Other medical uses of marijuana
Enough medical research.
Cannabis research
AIDS patients and marijuana.
Medical marijuana activists
Voters in favor of legalizing marijuana in many states.
Positive medical applications of cannabis.
Many countries have legalized medicinal marijuana.
From the Paper "Marijuana has been known for centuries and played a significant role in human history, being used for religious ceremonies, rope, medicine and recreation, among other registered uses. An enormous amount of hypothesis has been developed concerning other uses, or consequences of using dope. Mythologies from many countries speak of numberless gods and deids. It is possible many of these gods were imagined or seen by shaman or oracles that were under the influences of drugs. Cannabis use was mentioned in the fours Vedas (from India), one of the oldest religious manuscripts (Harrison, 70). Such Reginald Campbell and R Everett offer a general overview of marijuana in Substance Abuse in Workplace: ? The most common form of marijuana found in the U.S. is Cannabis Sativa... There are about 421 known chemicals in the plant... but the active chemical is believed to be the tetrahydro-cannabinols (THC), oils possessing physiological activity... Some symptoms of marijuana intoxication include confusion, euphoria, hallucinations, hunger, red eyes, ego-inflation, dry mouth, excessive laughing and coma? (42-43). Marijuana intoxication is said to last two to three hours, but the ingredient delta-9-tetrahydro -cannabinol can accumulate in brain and testes tissues (Hubbard, Franco, Onaivi, 1999). Marijuana, pot or weed, among other names, has a variety of practical uses. Hemp is used to built cords and even clothing. There are a number of websites on the Internet that offer a variety of products made out of hemp. Sadly, it is to blame that such a helpful herb be considered illegal due to the bad nature and unconsciousness of humans."
Abstract This paper discusses the positive effects that legalization of prostitution would have not only on the people involved in this industry, but on society as a whole. The writer discusses a recent study that focuses chiefly upon the impact of legalized brothels in Nevada. The writer further explains how, based on this study, legalization will reduce the spread of sexually-transmitted disease, cut down on violence against sex-trade workers, and discourage the upsetting of public order. The writer concludes that while there is an understandable public aversion to legalizingprostitution, the benefits to women engaged in this industry makes legalization something law-makers should seriously consider.
From the Paper "One of the first things which becomes apparent with regards to the legalization of prostitution is that several of the rationales which have historically been brought forward in defense of keeping it illegal - reducing the threat of sexually-transmitted diseases, discouraging "violence" against community order, and thwarting inter-personal violence against women who happen to be sex-trade workers - are actually better-served by legalization. For example, a recent study - focusing chiefly upon the impact of legalized brothels in Nevada - reveals that a compelling case can be put forward that legalization of prostitution brings with it a level of public scrutiny and observation, a measure of official regulation, and sufficient "bureaucratization" that the forms of violence detailed above are actually reduced (Brents, 270 and 280-295)."
Tags: sexually-transmitted, disease, sex, workers, violence, women
Abstract The author of the paper presents an argument for the legalization of prostitution. The writer firstly gives a brief historical overview of prostitution and then carries on to document a number of countries in the world today where prostitution is legal and regulated by authorities. The author continues with an examination as to how legalization of prostitution affects the general public's view of the profession, the women working in it and the clients using the service. In addition, the writer also addresses crime, health and other social arguments for the legalization of the profession.
From the Paper "Detractors argue that legalizing the profession of prostitution alone may invoke a number of the social ills. However, it is not the legalization of prostitution that is the problem; rather it is the lax regulation of the profession that creates social havoc, as is seen in Germany. Furthermore, the major objective of laws legalizing prostitution have been to prevent the exploitation of women and children in sex trafficking, to reduce the incidence of prostitutes "selling their wares" on street corners, and to protect prostitutes and the public from sexually transmitted diseases such as HIV. Furthermore, the negative social stigma attached to the profession is reduced or eliminated in locations in which prostitution has been made legal as is evident in Amsterdam."
Tags:legal stigma crime, sexually transmitted disease, feminist criminology sex consensual
Abstract This paper puts forward an argument against legalizingprostitution in the US. This author quotes from studies carried out in other parts of the world that show how legalizingprostitution can sanction another side of the sex industry, exploiting women and putting them at risk.
Outline:
The Encouragement of Sex Trafficking
Australia's Practice and Consequences
No Protection for Prostitutes Turning Women into Merchandise
Legalization Does Not Protect Women's Health
Legalization Does Not Improve Women's Choice of Employment
From the Paper "Prostitution is not a crime without a victim, and prostitutes aren't usually called "women." Society calls them whores, tramps, sluts, pieces of meat, and trash--names for what society perceives as inhuman. Despite the philosophy behind anti-prostitution laws, we are not the victims of prostitution in need of defense. The victims are the prostitutes themselves who, under current legalities, are punished for the very crimes committed against them (Roleff, 2006).
Those who advocate prostitution as simply another occupation think of prostitutes as individuals who have rationally considered the alternative and chose prostitution over other ways of supporting themselves. Those who advocate legalizing prostitution presume much in determining this, because they assume that women choose the type of prostitution they wish to practice. However, they fail to recognize that there is a hierarchy to prostitution. The escorts and call girls we see in movies do exist, and they can live extravagant lifestyles with little risk of violence or legal problems. This, however, is not how most prostitutes live and operate."
Abstract This paper assesses the impact of prostitution on women to demonstrate that the legalization should not be confused as a strictly moral issue, but instead should be focused on legalizingprostitution because of the conditions in which prostitutes are forced to live and work.
Abstract This paper discusses how prostitution is legal in Canada although living off the avails of prostitution remains illegal as does engaging in sex-for-money negotiations in a public place. It contends that when investigating the circumstances of most sex trade workers, one does see why at least partial criminalization remains desirable and why an inhibiting legal framework is needed.
Outline:
Introduction
Arguments Against LegalizedProstitution Concluding Remarks
From the Paper "Street prostitutes face extreme danger in random violence, sexual assault and abduction, risks that men and women probably would not take without the compulsion to finance addictions. Street prostitution, as the now prevailing form, is generally considered 10 times more dangerous than sex work in brothels of one kind or another, for the bona fide criminal preys upon vulnerable persons of which the sex worker is highly vulnerable for each client is usually a stranger of unknown potential. Sex workers are known to be less likely to report assaults or thefts to police, they often have access to cash, and are easily identified. (Summers 2006) Whereas other men or women are usually not accessible for one-on-one private meetings, the sex trade worker expects this situation and is thus highly accessible. "
