Abstract This paper details the four threats of nuclear annihilation that the Russian nuclear program has created: accidental launch due to a malfunction, failure of the Russian early warning system, a launch of a nuclear weapon because of a rogue commander, the detonating of a stolen nuclear warhead that has been smuggled out of Russia, and the detonation of a nuclear weapon that was built with Russian fissile material. The paper also describes the meager steps that Russia and the United States have taken to prevent a nuclear catastrophe. Most importantly the paper stresses that public awareness of this critical situation is imperative to prevention of such a disaster.
Abstract The paper discusses the case of Jose Padilla, arrested on May 8, 2002 because it was believed that he was conspiring with Al Qaeda Terrorist to detonate a radioactive "dirty bomb" within the U.S. The paper shows that Padilla's arrest and subsequent imprisonment has been the subject of an on-going legal debate and at the present time Padilla is being held as an enemy combatant, which means that he is subject to Military Tribunal instead of the civil court system and can be held without being charged until the War On Terrorism is over. The essay discusses both sides of this legal debate and determines which viewpoint is the most constitutional and credible.
From the Paper "Many legal experts believe that the U.S. does not have grounds to hold him as an enemy combatant. They contend that his imprisonment is unconstitutional because he is being held even though he has not been charged with a crime. Padilla's lawyer believes that he is in custody based on information that is circumstantial and that he should be released. They also believe that his detainment is based on the idea that he may be able to provide investigators with important information about forthcoming terrorist attacks on the country."
Tags: Attorney, General, John, Ashcroft, Quirin, Posse, Comitatus, Act
The paper presents a book review of this non-fiction work that critically examines the massive dam projects and the detonation of India's first atomic bomb.
Abstract The paper analyzes the work, which claims that although these two projects were intended to bring India into the modern age; they exposed arrogance and corruption on the part of the Indian government. The paper gives a brief biography of Roy, mentions her most famous literary work, "The God of Small Things" and lists her essays. It discusses public support for "The Cost of Living" and looks at the controversy surrounding the work. Next follows a synopsis of each of the two essays that make up the work. The strengths of the work (such as the combination of intellectual rigor with an engaging personal style and a fusion of imagery and lyricism of poetry with a tight, engaging journalistic style) are highlighted and the paper concludes with the political and social messages contained in the work.
From the Paper "In the two tightly woven essays, Arundhati argues that both projects were lauded by the government to be initiatives that would pull India, willing or not, into the modern age. Instead, Arundhati argues that the dam projects have displaced millions of Indian people, and that the cost of the nuclear bomb. The two essays tell a terrible story of the arrogance, corruption, idiocy, and high-handedness of India's government."
Abstract This paper discusses the importance of preparing for the 'millennium' bug. Discussed are the ways large companies are preparing for this bug. Some of the fears attached to this topic are discussed such as the possibility for nuclear detonation and other mishaps that can severely cripple our society.
Abstract This paper examines the Manhattan Project, describing its historical development and the political and diplomatic relations which it entailed. The fear of the Nazi's developing an atom bomb is considered one of the motivating reasons for the US speeding up its nuclear fission program. The paper further mentions how the US shared or did not share its research with its allies. The paper then describes some technical aspects of the research. The actual deployment of the bomb is discussed and how it contributed to the Cold War between the US and USSR. The paper concludes with the negative consequences of the Manhattan Project, including the tremendous loss of life caused by detonating two atomic bombs.
From the Paper "American research in the field of nuclear physics had been progressing in a rather unsystematic manner. The British were interested in finding out about the American work. To this aim, they did not hesitate in what including atomic information in the exchanges of technical information and scientific missions that were going on in the beginning of the 1940s. This interchange of scientific information was very important; proof of its importance is that face that one of the documents forwarded to the United States was the Thomson Committee Report. This document stated the feasibility of an atomic bomb and led to the British decision to become involved in such a project; also, it represented an important factor that influenced the U.S. follow the same path and become involved. This was followed by an offer issued in October, 1941 by President Roosevelt to Winston Churchill for cooperation in relation to the project. After the agreement, the next step in the evolution of the project was a division of labor."
Abstract The paper talks about the Manhattan Project that began in 1939, with the goal of planning and designing the world's first nuclear weapon. The paper looks at Trinity Site, located in a remote part of New Mexico, which was selected for testing the bomb. The paper describes the Trinity test and explains that this test in fact put an abrupt end to World War Two, as the successful implosion sparked an enthusiastic attack on two Japanese targets: Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The paper contends, however, that with hardly any evidence and only one plutonium test at Trinity, the United States government foolishly launched nuclear weapons at Japan.
From the Paper "Whether due to a morbid self-satisfaction, naivete, or sheer stupidity, the members of the Manhattan Project reveled with "elation" and "jubilation" at the sight of the mushroom cloud (Department of Energy). The Trinity Site, located in a remote part of New Mexico, was believed to be far enough from the civilian population to guard against fallout, but local ranchers lived only 20 miles away. Official reports indicate that civilians suffered "little external injury," but that their "livestock were not as fortunate, suffering skin burns, bleeding, and loss of hair," (DOE). Stafford Warren, the project's chief medical officer, would later recommend that future tests be conducted within no less than 150 miles from human population and claimed that the Trinity nuclear tests had been near-misses (DOE)."
Abstract This paper discusses the Iraq conflict with regard to the issues surrounding cluster bombs and the humanitarian threat their legality poses. The paper explains that cluster bombs are not always discriminating in their targets, and once fallen, bomblets can remain inactive for some time before exploding. The paper contends that cluster bombs pose an unacceptable risk to civilians, especially children and discusses the lack of global legislation forbidding cluster bomb use. The paper looks at some nations' actions in improving the reliability of cluster munitions, but claims that this does not help when countries use old stockpiles. The paper strongly asserts that it is time for the cluster bomb to be made illegal on the international stage.
Outline:
Introduction
Cluster Bombs: The Facts At A Glance
Cluster Bombs: Position By Country
Are Cluster Bombs Illegal?
Why Cluster Bombs Should Be Made Illegal
Conclusion
From the Paper "The cluster bomb and its legitimacy as a weapon of war has recently come under fire, hot on the tails of use during recent conflicts in Iraq, Kosovo and Afghanistan. Concerns over the power of the weapon have primarily been humanitarian, as cluster bombs - shells which release submunitions, or bomblets, from either air or land, with the intention of killing "soft" targets such as enemy soldiers - are unreliable, shedding highly explosive and volatile submunitions over a wide area, often failing to explode on immediate impact. As the target area related to the cluster bomb is wide, and as apparently faulty cluster bombs may be later activated by accidental interference, the threat to civilians lives from delayed detonation is high. Recent media attention on cluster bombs has focused on the loss of civilian life in Iraq, one of the most prominent armed conflicts of recent times."
