Abstract This paper discusses the problem that, within tort law, people can seek personal gain file by claiming personal injuries, which may not be justifiable. The author points out that, when some people want to blame others for their problems or fault them for their mistakes due to their different cultural backgrounds, the tort law is being misused. Nonetheless, the paper contends that tort law does provide a protective structure over criminals.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Tort Law
Opinion
Conclusion
From the Paper "Due to the fact that Michael Foucault claimed that when power is transmitted through someone's word, the criminal justice system could take that idea and control prisoners better. From there, it is apparent that in recent years, the criminologist have reconstruct criminology's framework around Foucault theory since prison have installed video cameras so that prison authorities can have better empowerment. Within that prison society, the statements that are made by the prison authorities are true because they are the power among the prisoners, which gives them more control."
Tags:deterrencenormativeefficiencyempowerment, personal property
Abstract This paper is a complete description of the theory of deterrence and crime. Both aspects of the deterrence issue are examined in depth visa via current theories in criminology. This paper presents an extensive review by way of a research study. This paper then draws its conclusions with respect to the efficacy of the theory of deterrence as well.
From the Paper "In the May 1993 issue of the Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, Stafford and Warr introduced the re-conceptualized deterrence theory by explaining that general and specific deterrence are both functions of crime. Both of these sociologists presented the argument that there is no reason to have multiple theories for general and specific deterrence. Instead they proposed the idea that a single theory is possible that centers on two levels; namely, indirect experiences involving legal punishment and punishment avoidance; and direct experiences with legal punishment and avoidance (Stafford & Warr, 1993). They furthered their argument by stating that general deterrence includes the knowledge of criminal activity performed by others as well as the consequences or absence of consequences from the specified criminal activity."
Abstract This paper addresses the concept that: "Tenants' empowerment is about attitudes, not structures." This is achieved through investigating the relationship that a tenant can have with their landlord in terms of their connection with the property, and the connection that the tenants can develop with their landlords. Through investigating these issues, it is demonstrated that tenants can achieve a more substantial degree of empowerment through their attitudes rather than their actual physical rights as tenants.
Tags: URBAN STUDIES / HOUSING, tenants rights empowerment
Abstract This paper considers how empowerment and participative decision making improves the decision making process within organizations. It looks at downsizing efforts that empower workers and the benefits to the organization of participative decision making.
From the Paper "In recent years groups have become increasingly important in the American workplace as companies move toward fewer managers, more empowered workers and away from hierarchical organizational structures ..."
Tags: decision making, participative decision making, group decision making, empowerment
Abstract This paper examines how social norms dictate our behavior on a day to day basisand how although these norms are not written rules of behavior, conducting oneself in opposition to these norms can result in minor consequences, such as being pointedly ignored, to major consequences, such as being incarcerated. In particular, it looks at the writer's experiences when breaking a low-level social norm during a one-hour period.
This paper looks that the Efficient Market Hypothesis, Stock market and investment procedures and how investors should act within the market, also answering key questions such as the definition and explanation of the concept of an Efficient Stock Market.
2,150 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 15 sources, 2002, $ 80.95
Abstract This paper looks that the Efficient Market Hypothesis, Stock market and investment procedures and how investors should act within the market, also answering key questions such as the definition and explanation of the concept of an Efficient Stock Market. Also addresses the approach (active or passive) that equity fund managers operating in advanced capitalist countries should adopt.
Tags: BUSINESS / MARKETING AND ADVERTISING, efficient market hypothesis
Abstract The paper discusses a sample project for constructing an efficient frontier using six asset classes. The paper includes graphs for two efficient frontiers.
Abstract This paper discusses the values of promoting the empowerment of nurses. It argues that, given greater autonomy in decision-making, nurses will feel more professional satisfaction and commitment, leading to higher morale and efficiency in the work place. It also claims that, when nurses are given a higher degree of informal power, the results are observed in greater accountability, productivity, and work effectiveness. Furthermore, this has an impact on collegiality since stronger alliances with peers are established.
From the Paper "The primary moral principle invariably is respect for persons; from that main principle emerge other principles such as autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, confidentiality, fidelity, veracity, and justice (ANA, 2001). Respect for the inherent dignity and worth of every patient is the core principle for nursing practice (ANA, 2001). The ANA's (1995) belief that the person is holistic and possesses an inherent unity, which must be contextually and culturally defined, is correlated with that principle. Autonomy for nurses must be intrinsic and a personal choice; if it is the result of extrinsic influences, autonomy is extremely restricted. Intrinsic autonomy is only possible in nursing environments where staff can exert control. Accountability depends on the degree of autonomy that can be exercised as well as the extent to which nurses are empowered (Laschinger & Wong, 1999)."
Abstract The objective of this paper is to show how employee empowerment affects organizations. Empowerment refers to the act of delegating authority along with the responsibility for accomplishing given tasks. It looks at how it is unreasonable to expect an employee to complete a task successfully unless that employee was given the authority to carry it out and how empowerment gives employees the feeling of belonging, allowing them to feel pride in their work and take ownership of tasks that may otherwise be mundane.
Outline
Abstract
Personnel Responsibility
Special Cause Variation
Shewhart Control Charts
Control
Negative Impact of Empowerment Breakthrough
Conclusion
Resources
From the Paper "The problems of achieving goals in business arise out of variation. The decrease in sales compared to the previous year, excessive costs when compared to the budget, and deviation of a product from the specified target are a few examples. The variation in a given outcome can come from hundreds if not thousands of causes. However, as "the grandfather of total quality management" Walter Shewhart stated, it will take several lifetimes to study all the causes that affect outcome. But if there is a way to separate the significant causes from the insignificant, it may be a reasonably good start. "
Abstract This paper discusses the opinions of many after September 11th, that the present form of terrorism has made classical deterrence theory outdated. According to the paper transnational terrorism has totally dented conventional wisdom, which had dictated proceedings during the cold war. Similarly, rogue states all over the world, in general, and the Middle East and South Asia, in particular, have created a great deal of tension in Washington. The paper further discusses how the role of the American rival states, such as, North Korea and China and the functions and limitations of the UN Security Council have completely transformed the security structure of the sole hyper power of the world. This paper tries to elucidate the best possible deterrence strategy the United States should pursue after the cold war.
Outline:
Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Purpose of the Study
Justification of the Study
Research Design and Methodology
Collection of Data
Data Analysis and Search Tactics
Limitations of the Study
Part 2
Transnational Terrorism
The Rogue and the Rival States
The U.N. Security Council
Conclusion of This Section
Part 3
Literature Review
Classical Deterrence Theory
The End of Cold War deterrence A New Justification
Conclusion of This Section
Part 4
The First Case Study: The Strategic Triangle (US/China/Russia)
The Sino-Russo Partnership
The US-Russian Labyrinth: A Subtle Relationship
The Source for Cooperation and Divergence
Effect of the End of Cold War
Conclusion of This Section
The Second Case Study: Deterring North Korea
US Policy on the Korean Peninsula Since 1945
The Future of the U.S. Foreign Policy on the Korean Peninsula
The Status Quo Option
The Hard-Line Option
Compromise
Early Bush Administration Policy
Conclusion
The third Case Study: Transnational Terrorism
Counter-terrorism in a Global Society
Conclusion
Part 5
Observation and Conclusion
Correcting the Strategic Gaps in the U.S. Approach to Homeland Defense Concentrating Less on Who is Responsible and More on What They Ought to be Responsible of
Planning for Higher-Probability, Lower-Consequence, and Lower-Probability, Higher-Consequence Events
From the Paper "At the threat of generalization, one could make a case that US relations with China were greatly powered by two issues: the vicissitudes in the Sino-Russo association and--the more significant of the two--the Taiwan problem. For 30 years following the "People's Republic of China" (PRC) emergence in 1949, the United States carried on to acknowledge the adversary Chinese government (the Republic of China, or ROC) that had moved to Taiwan after trailing behind the civil conflict on the mainland. The path to ultimate US standardization with the PRC in 1979 was cemented by US President Richard Nixon, whose striking plan was to build a coalition with China--which was, at that time, in conflict with the Soviet Union--in an effort to oppose the increasing Soviet threat. However the United States, in spite of everything, maintains informal relations with the Republic of China. Certainly, under the "Taiwan Relations Act," a piece of internal US legislation, Washington is under a duty to defend Taiwan's safety and therefore carry on arms sales to the isle .
Washington's Taiwan association has bedeviled its dealings with the Republic of China from this time onwards, even more so following 1988 when Taiwan's political leadership demonstrated growing inclinations in the direction of a separatist route outside the One China state-of-affairs. All through a brief disagreement amid mainland China and Taiwan in 1996, the United States sent off two naval battle factions to the Taiwan channel to demonstrate moral cooperation for Taiwan (and maybe to gratify President Clinton's congressional associates). An unintentional war with China was hardly prevented only with the sensible removal of the US carrier Independence, at the same time as, the second carrier, the Nimitz, was still on its route as of the Mediterranean Sea. The narrow escape drove home the Republic of China's sincerity in relation to Taiwan to the Clinton management, forcing it to assume a soul-searching evaluation of Sino-US strategy. The concluding decision for Clinton's "thoroughgoing" engagement policy concerning the Chinese, which he practiced all through his second presidential tenure, was to prevent himself from being heaved into an unintentional war with China on behalf of Taiwan ."
Abstract This paper looks at why the empowerment of nurses will benefit not only the nurses, but the health care industry and what can be done to promote this empowerment. Specifically, the paper looks at the measures and changes that must be made in jobs, organizational styles, and workplace protocols to lead to empowerment.
From the Paper "Exceedingly rapid technological progress has resulted in a change in our human resources and human activities environment. There have of course been changes within the healthcare environment for both licensed and unlicensed providers of care. These changes have required most workers to do more with less and place a greater emphasis on teamwork with independent decision making for each worker involved, no matter what their scope (Barker, 1990). All healthcare delivery systems are seeing dramatic changes in their manning and their organizational ladders. In order for all these changes to be managed effectively without any change in provision of quality healthcare, leaders and managers must understand how these changes and stresses affect workers? attitudes. The issues of leadership style and work related empowerment have become catch words but actually represent very important ideas (Douglas, 1995). That is fundamentally positive, referring to solutions rather than to problems and is dynamic in nature, power is taken over and given away, power is shared. Power is usually associated with a negative connotation ? there is an association with hierarchy, authoritarianism, and generally with the restriction of a person's freedom of action. Empowerment is an abstract concept. It is especially important as personnel resources are not being increased but rather decreased. This represents a change in the delivery of care and will require a significant transition in the nurse-manager's leadership style to help subordinates accept the adjustment in work and their new levels of productivity."
Abstract This paper explains that employee empowerment is defined as a concept by which employees and the groups in which they work feel that they have a voice and influence in decisions that are made by those above them. The author examines organizational structure that support and encourage employee empowerment. The paper stresses that the team approach is an essential element to all leadership application because it allows for the development of perceptual employee empowerment. The author applies systems theory and behaviorism to this personnel management issue.
From the Paper "A team model may be the best ideological structure, as individuals will feel empowered to help the team by streamlining production through their own inside knowledge of the system, how it works and how it can be tweaked to produce better results. Those who have been traditionally seen as middle management will be eliminated, either through leveling or elimination, and this may be the most difficult of the transition, as such individuals may feel ownership to their previous authority, and have a difficult time with the idea or reality of demotion."
Tags: hierarchical, flat, feedback, behaviorism, system
Abstract "Horse-Dealer's Daughter" illustrates the renewed strength that Mabel creates after she had been deprived for a long time of her right to make her own decisions, and be independent from her patriarchal family. Elizabeth of "Odor of Chrysanthemums" also experienced women empowerment at the initial part of the story, but loses this as she realizes that her proud character was the reason why her marriage became unhappy and did not work out until her husband's death. The themes of love and women empowerment are discussed in context with the two short stories by D. H Lawrence, including an analysis of how the character's portrayal illustrates these themes.
From the Paper "A "The Horse Dealer's Daughter" show how Mabel, the protagonist, was illustrated as a woman deprived of a good life and is considered by her brothers and her society as a functional and self-reliant individual. The author's description of Mabel illustrates how she is portrayed by her society: "Mabel had no associates of her own sex" She regularly went to church, she attended to her father. She had suffered badly during the period of poverty. Now, for Mabel, the end had come. She would follow her own way just the same. She would always hold the keys of her own situation.? Lawrence's use of Mabel's character as a decisive and functional female is actually the external appearance of what Mabel wants to display in public; in reality, she is a woman beaten down by the pressures and limited opportunities society and her family had given her. Her family's descent to poverty and the constant reprimanding of her brothers about her made her decide the "keys of her own situation" through committing suicide."
Abstract This paper researches and examines how the teacher empowerment movement over the past 25 years has influenced the public school principal to practice collaborative leadership. The paper contends that the empowerment of teachers not only leads to better pedagogy among teachers but culminates in the motivation of students, which raises achievement among students as well.
Outline
Statement of Thesis
Introduction
The Roles of Principals
School Reform
Conclusion
From the Paper "The benefits provided to teachers through the teacher empowerment are inclusive of increases in teacher job performance, improved morale of teachers, increased knowledge of subject matter and pedagogy, and finally resulting higher motivation among students as well as higher achievement. As a result, teachers, and ultimately, their students and their schools, could potentially receive the full benefits of teacher empowerment if principals hone their focus on the appropriate leadership behaviors and policies to effectively maximize teacher empowerment (Keiser & Shen, 2000:115). Short and Rinehart (1993) "Teacher empowerment and school climate" p.592 state that, "Teacher empowerment relates to greater organizational effectiveness.""
Abstract The paper suggests a brief analysis of the Microsoft company, in terms of its history, current status, major achievements, mission and vision statement and financial highlights and then a closer look at the Microsoft employee freedom and empowerment. The paper then proposes to identify how training programs contribute to the financial outcome of an organization. Finally, the paper discusses the paper's conclusion that will examine what Microsoft has done to implement training programs and employee empowerment, and most importantly, how these strategies have contributed to Microsoft's ultimate corporate success.
From the Paper "With 89,809 employees in 105 countries and with revenues as high as $60420 billion (Official Website of the Microsoft Corporation, 2008), Microsoft Corporation is the ultimate epitome of corporate success. But is their success somehow related to the human resource strategies linked to employee empowerment and training? To answer this question, several steps must be taken.
"The first one refers to a brief analysis of the company, in terms of history, current status, major achievements, mission and vision statement and financial highlights. To retrieve this information, several sources should be analyzed, such as the official website of the corporation, their annual reports as well as tertiary sources, such as Hoovers, which present the issues from an objective standpoint. For ratios on profitability and managerial capabilities, one could read the data from the Forbes financial analyses."
