Abstract
This paper discusses the Great War brought on and the new weapons and instruments of destruction that prevailed. It also states the reasons why there were so many stalemates on the battlefield which led to a war of attrition and mass casualties. It also looks at the targeting of a whole nation's means and resources towards fighting a total war. This paper concludes that the war was so destructive because of the advancement in industry and weaponry, such as artillery, machine guns and chemical warfare.

From the Paper
"In this paper I plan to put forward the following points to show how the Great War was so destructive. I will look at the new weapons and instruments of destruction that prevailed during the war. The reasons why there were so many stalemates? on the battlefield, which led to a war of attrition and mass casualties. I will also look at the targeting of a whole nations means and resources towards fighting a total war."

Tags:World, War, I, Great, nations, destruction, 1915, weapons, casualties

Abstract
This paper provides a brief overview of the range and types of weapons of mass destruction that were used in human history before the advent of the nuclear bomb. The paper shows how the earlier forms of these weapons were limited by the technologies of the time and their destructive capabilities were generally comparatively mild compared to the large and super-destructive weapons created by modern technology. Yet, the paper concludes that it is not necessarily technology that makes weapons of mass destruction so dangerous, rather it is the aims and intentions of human beings who use these weapons.

Outline:
Introduction
A Brief History of Weapons of Mass Destruction
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The term 'weapons of mass destruction' was allegedly first used in a report by the London Times in 1937. The report was a description of a German air force attack on the town of Guernica in Spain which "... destroyed 70 percent of the town and killed a third of its population." (Origin of the Phrase Weapons of Mass Destruction) The phrase that was used in the report of the London Times on December 28, 1937, is as follows: " Who can think without horror of what another widespread war would mean, waged as it would be with all the new weapons of mass destruction?". ( Who coined the term "weapons of mass destruction"? ) After the Second World War the term was later used describe to threat of atomic weapons during the Cold War. In more recent times the term weapons of mass destruction has evoked images of the hydrogen bomb and refers to biological, chemical, and radiological weapons. ( Who coined the term "weapons of mass destruction"? )"

Tags:hydrogen, bomb, biological, chemical, radiological, horror

Abstract
This paper discusses how a destructive element refers to that one trait which can destroy a person or negatively impact his life in some manner and how the element usually acts as a barrier between men and their full potential and can also seriously impede their growth. It looks at how in Joseph Conrad's novel, "The Shadow Line" the destructive element is in the shape of immaturity, which makes the protagonist give up his job on whim and out of sheer boredom. It shows how in "The Dead" by James Joyce, we come across another kind of destructive element, which is negative in nature because the protagonist has chosen to actually submit to it by becoming its victim. Finally it examines how in E.M. Forster's "A Passage to India", we come across a destructive element again and this time it is prejudice and an abnormal fear of "others". The author highlights the problems faced by the victims of prejudice and how this destructive element proves detrimental to the friendship between Indians and British and one woman's quest to discover real India.

From the Paper
"The story, which appeared in the collection Dubliners, revolves around a party scene that takes place at the house of two old ladies who are close relatives of the protagonist, Gabriel. Gabriel's character has a destructive element, which is conceit. He is highly conceited person and considers himself more educated than the rest. However because of this element, he suffers various setbacks and even some rude shocks, which make hi, understand that conceit had completely killed his ability to communicate with others. We notice that throughout the story, Joyce has refrained from exposing the true soul of each character with his own words; rather he helps the readers reach their own conclusions by observing the behavior, speech and thoughts of the characters. "

Tags:joseph, conrad, james, joyce, em, forster, dead, shadow

Abstract
This paper explains that there have been many efforts to stop the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, with many of leaders of countries signing several different treaties, but nothing can stop the production of such destructive weapons. The author points out that the majority of the nations and organizations, such as our allies, rogue nations, and terrorist groups, have some sort of a weapon of mass destruction. The paper stresses that, as destructive as chemical weapons are, far bigger threats to international security are biological weapons, which, if not decreased, can cause more causalities than chemical weapons.

From the Paper
"The variations of the different types of chemical weapons hurt a nation's chances of a defense or readiness against a chemical weapon because chemical weapons are hard to stop spreading. As mentioned by the government document, chemical weapons have been used before when "Chlorine gas and mustard gas were widely used during World War I." Many countries can produce chemical weapons on a mass scale and have the resources that are necessary to produce the chemical weapons. A nation's only defense would be retaliation, which could mean an all out nuclear war which will meet any human's fear or global destruction. With this risk of global chaos existent, many of the world's leaders should be put at blame. If world leaders such as the United States established treaties to decrease or even eliminate chemical weapons, this problem would cease to exist because other nations would follow along."

Tags:proliferation, gas, treaties, chemical, biological

Abstract
The early childhood years are universally recognized as being a critically important developmental period for human beings, and when normal patterns of parental caregiving and nurturing are disrupted or when children experience abuse at the hands of others, the consequences can be profound, pervasive and even life-threatening. This literature review examines the relationship between childhood sexual abuse, dissociation and self-destructive behavior. The studies are grouped according to those studies concerning childhood sexual abuse and dissociation, those that concern childhood sexual abuse and various self-destructive behaviors, and those that investigate the relationship between all three factors.

Outline:
Introduction
Studies Concerning Childhood Sexual Abuse and Dissociation
Studies Concerning Childhood Sexual Abuse and Self-Destructive Behaviors
Studies Examining All Three Variables

From the Paper
"When families experience the trauma of sexual abuse, the processes by which these multiple and competing reactions on the part of the parent and the child tend to interfere with the normal processes that provide families with the means to achieve healthy functioning following such episodes of abuse. In this regard, Silberg (2004) reports that when children are sexually abused, there will be a natural tendency to engage in a number of emotional responses that may compete for primacy, including a desire for secrecy, individual victimization memories and sexual experiences, and confused and mixed emotions in the child and the parent. According to this researcher, "This is likely to be the case whether the conflicting feelings are a result of abuse within the family or from maltreatment by an individual outside of the family. In either case, these competing processes lead to dissociative manifestations, forgetting, and inability to make adequate meaning out of the feelings, perceptions, and ideas stimulated by the sexual abuse" (Silberg, 2004, p. 490). "

Tags:trauma, maltreatment, victim

Abstract
In this article the writer looks at several different types of weapons of mass destruction, which, when in the wrong hands, can do a great amount of damage. The type of weapons of mass destruction mentioned include biological weapons, chemical weapons, nuclear weapons, and radiological weapons. Throughout this paper the writer discusses the various types of weapons of mass destruction and looks at what the individual weapons are called. The writer then examines what these weapons can do and mentions the symptoms of these weapons. Further, the writer explores how they are used and the precautions that can be taken to protect society from them.

From the Paper
"Although anthrax may be the most well known biological weapon, there are several other biological agents which can be used as weapons that are worth noting. These include the Ebola virus, Bubonic plague, Yellow Fever, Smallpox, Ricin, Botulism toxin, Saxitoxin, Rocky Mountain spotted Fever, Typhus, Q fever, and others."
"Biological weapons are not used strictly to attack humans; instead they may be used to attack crops and animals as well to disrupt an area's agricultural supply. Additionally, by attacking the agricultural supply, this may be a way of transmitting the biological weapons to human beings."
"One way to prevent succumbing to some forms of biological weapons is through good hygiene, in much the same way one can prevent the spread of everyday bacteria and viruses."

Tags:biological, chemical, nuclear, arms

Abstract
This paper examines the importance of rain forests for the ecosystem and elucidates current concerns about its destruction by explaining some of the consequences of destruction. In looking at the causes of the problem, the paper explores the perception that the problems were local and not global, the problem of basic greed and selfishness and political problems. The paper concludes with a discussion of the impact of this destruction on the future of the ecosystem.

From the Paper
"Within the last few decades mankind has come to the understanding that the world's resources are not unlimited. The rain forest has been a focus of concern for environmental groups around the world. Years ago society used whatever resources it wanted with little thought to the impact that would have on the future. Today society realizes that the things it does to the environment will have a domino affect across ecology. Things that mankind perpetuates on the rain forest are causing its very destruction and this destruction threatens the future of the ecosystem mankind is so familiar with."

Tags:importance, current, concerns, consequences, causes, impact, ecosystem, preservation, conservation

Abstract
This paper examines Richard Butler?s; "The Greatest Threat: Iraq, Weapons of Mass Destruction, and the Crisis of Global Security? in which he describes how Iraq and its threat to the world through the use of weapons of mass destruction is one of the most pressing problems America currently faces. It looks at the book?s content and measures it against the current U.S. foreign policies. It also examines how Richard Butler served as the chairman of UNSCOM, the committee that was charged with inspecting Iraq following the first Gulf War in 1991 and which was charged with checking Iraq for evidence of the manufacturing of weapons of mass destruction.

From the Paper
"Butler tells of the work he tried to complete with the committee and the fact that the inspection team was eventually thrown out of Iraq. In an almost Late Great Planet Earth type eeriness his predictions of the future are coming to pass and his insistence on the importance of continued diligence with regard to Saddam Hussein has become the national cry of the majority of Americans. As Butler explains the purpose of the United Nations Special Commission and its members it begins to sound like a recital of the United States current foreign nation policy. It is extremely interesting that the events triggering the book happened a decade before the current Iraq situation and resolution by America to go in with or without the world's support and by doing so the nation believed it was strengthening global security."

Tags:saddam, hussein, unscom, foreign, policies

Abstract
In this article, the writer maintains that the destruction of the tropical rainforests is one of the biggest global environmental problems that one faces today. Although the rainforests are 'local' and confined to certain areas of the world, their destruction is, nevertheless, a global problem, and this is so for several reasons. The writer explains that first, the rainforests are the lungs of the planet. They absorb carbon dioxide and produce oxygen. Rainforests are also sinks, storage reservoirs of natural substances, in particular of carbon. Finally, the writer notes that rainforests are the only habitats of literally thousands and thousands of plant and animal species. The writer discusses that mist developing countries are attempting to improve and develop their economies and deal with population growth and the rainforests represent valuable natural resources and opportunities for export and foreign revenues. The writer concludes that deforestation can be fought by taking into consideration a broad range of issues and applying a broad range of policies and the sustainable management of forestry as well as agriculture. Further more conservation targets must be set, not just for the rainforests but also for the protection of the species diversity they contain.

From the Paper
"Industrial development is also the reason for deforestation in the Amazon, as the region contains mineral deposits of gold, diamonds and other minerals as well a huge supply of fresh water that could potentially supply much hydroelectric energy. Mining is an environmentally devastating economy in itself and requires additional clearing for road or rail development in order to transport the mined minerals. A cattle ranching is also a source of deforestation exclusive to Latin America, although according to Myers it has been on the decrease. One of the ways to deal with deforestation in the Amazon is to focus on more sustainable means of agriculture and less destructive logging methods as well as reforestation. Extractive reserve is an example given by Chasmer and Perry-Globa, (1998) for a way for more sustainable economic development of the Amazon. Rubber tappers collect small amounts of latex from rubber trees each day, which they sell. The trees are not destroyed. These activities can be extended to other forest products in the Amazon: nuts, fruits and vegetables. However, the biggest problem with preserving the rainforest I countries such as Brazil is the fact that these countries must balance conservation with the need for economic development and foreign capital."

Tags:reservoirs, species, deforestation, tree

Abstract
This essay will examine the debate over the destruction of the tropical rain forests from a number of perspectives. It will be argued that the tropical rain forests, and the bio diverse ecosystems that they support, are of enormous significance to the planet's environment. This being said, it will also be argued that man is an integral feature of this environment, and that the economic systems that define human cultures must therefore be factored into any discussion of viable or sustainable development of the rain forests.