Abstract
The paper begins by explaining that the Middle East remains one of the most controversial parts of the world because of its wanted resource, namely, oil. The paper then considers how the removal of Western support for the nation could threaten the stability of Saudi Arabia, although it would hardly be in the interests of the United States to allow the alliances with the Saudis erode. The paper contends that in the case of terrorism disrupting the Saudi infrastructure, the Saudis would have to take direct action in terms of combating support for destabilizing forces. The paper concludes that ultimately, the stabilization or the destabilization of Saudi Arabia will result on the actions or non-actions of the Saudis themselves.

From the Paper
"Of all the nations in the Middle East, Saudi Arabia remains (on the surface) the most stable. While Saudi Arabia's human rights record within its own borders has long since been an atrocious one, the relationship between the Saudi government and other nations has long since been relatively peaceful. Recent events, however, have chipped away at the stability of Saudi Arabia. Fears of a refugee incursion into Saudi Arabia has resulted in the construction of a fence along the Saudi border designed to keep fleeing Iraqis out and, more ominously, Saudi Arabia has announced its intention of "going nuclear" as a means of deterring Iran, a nation that is very close to developing an atomic bomb of its own."

Tags:terrorism, extremists, oil, US, NATO, alliances

Abstract
The following paper will argue that the United States has long pursued a policy of "destabilization" when dealing with Caribbean nations that have the audacity to pursue socialist or redistributive policies the US finds offensive from an ideological point-of-view. However, this policy of destabilization has, in the past, only infrequently involved military intervention - Grenada being one of the more famous exceptions. Instead, the US has used economic sanctions, political intimidation, propaganda, and internal proxies to overwhelm "unfriendly" governments. To understand the subtlety of the US action, one must recognize that the US has often toppled popular governments; therefore, using military force to upset democratic results is hardly in keeping with the image America would like to present. As time allows, this paper will look at American actions in the Caribbean - specifically, nations like Guyana, Jamaica and (especially) Grenada - and point out how they are best understood by looking at American precedents established elsewhere; in short, in its ongoing efforts to "cover its tracks," the USA perfected a number of covert techniques in countries like Guatemala and Chile that later found full expression in the late 1970s and 1980s in US interactions with recalcitrant Caribbean lands. In the end, US foreign policy has often been characterized not by guns and missiles, but by the fairly brutal application of "indirect" means.

From the Paper
How the US Stifled the Growth of the Caribbean through Stealth: With a look at Guatemala and Chile, too The following paper will argue that the United States has long pursued a policy of "destabilization" when dealing with Caribbean nations that have the audacity to pursue socialist or redistributive policies the US finds offensive from an ideological point-of-view. However, this policy of destabilization has, in the past, only infrequently involved military intervention - Grenada being one of the more famous exceptions. Instead, the US has used economic sanctions, political intimidation, propaganda, and internal proxies to overwhelm "unfriendly" governments. To understand

Tags:guatemala, chile, usa

Abstract
The paper discusses how the decline of the Ottoman and Qing Empires destabilized international order in the West and East respectively. The paper continues by explaining the lack of equilibrium and the political and military vacuums caused by the breakups.

From the Paper
"This research paper analyzes and compares the extent to which the international order in the West was destabilized by the collapse of the Ottoman Empire and in the East by that of the Qing Dynasty. The slow decay and fitful decline of the Ottoman Empire culminating in its destruction at the end of World War I certainly influenced the balance of power in Eastern and Central Europe."

Tags:decline, Ottoman, Qing, Empires, consequences

Abstract
This paper looks, first, at how an understanding of political socialization is an inherently important aspect of comprehending political life and then attempts to illustrate how a deeper understanding of political socialization can enhance our understanding of the role of socialization in political change, as opposed to political stability. The paper then uses the example of Egypt before the revolution of 1952, and then following it, to demonstrate how this process works.

Introduction
The Process and Theory of Political Socialization
Preparation for the Revolution: Socialization Towards System
Destabilization

From the Paper
"Socialization is a complex phenomena, analyzing and theoritizing about the ways and means by which children become social beings and acquire the tools that help them function in society, on cultural, economic and political levels. As the term itself, "socialization" implies, this phenomena is really a cultural one but, nonetheless, has very important political implications. As a matter of fact, socialization impacts many aspects of human development and, as such, constitutes an important area of study within the humanities and social sciences. The study of this phenomenon may be defined as an attempt to dissect the core of socialization and explain how the process unfolds, the manner in which it differs from one culture to another or from one age to another, and identify its determining factors. To date and in spite of a great deal of research conducted into this area and numerous attempts to attain comprehensive understanding of socialization, Stanley Allen Renshon, a Political Sociology professor and scholar, argues that socialization and, more specifically, political socialization, demands further research. This research is important if political scientist, not to mention sociologists and psychologists, are ever going to understand "the process by which the child develops into the citizen." Even though the basic process of political socialization, or socialization, as such is understood as the teaching of behaviour and the acquisition of behaviour there are many questions regarding the extent to which these learned behaviours influence politics and political systems. Jack Dennis, a Professor of Political Science at the University of Wisconsin and, author of Socialization to Politics: A Reader, emphasizes the importance of this set of question. He argues that they are important as a means of framing an understanding of "the system relevance of political socialization." In this regard, Dennis writes that answering the "question about what effects political socialization has upon political life," is crucial for understanding politics. In other words, once the elements of political socialization and the process by which it occurs, in addition to the identification of the factors which influence it, are fully understood, political life will become all that more clearer to read. Besides the necessity of understanding political socialization as inherently important to comprehension of political life, deeper understanding of political socialization will settle a major debate concerning the role of socialization in political change, as opposed to political stability. Dennis states that the exact role of political socialization in the stabilization, or destabilization of a political system is a topic of debate: "The assumption that every system engages in some program of political socialization needs to be tested; and it needs examination within the context of alternative means for building - or perhaps undermining - the support of the system's membership." The above does not simply communicate the existence of a debate regarding the role of political socialization in political systems but, expands our understanding of political socialization in a very important way. In the first place, it communicates that different systems have their unique political socialization goals and processes, directed towards the teaching of specific political beliefs and behaviors. In the second place, it informs readers that while political socialization usually functions towards the stabilization of the present political system, if new elements, communicating contrary messages enter into the process, political socialization may act towards the destabilization of a system and the creation of an alternative one. This is an interesting hypothesis which requires testing. As a way of testing that hypothesis, this research will argue that while political socialization does communicate established and accepted political behaviours and beliefs, from one generation to the next, certain economic, social and political conditions might lead to the rise of alternate beliefs and behaviours, determining political socialization towards revolutionary goals which, once successful and expressed in the collapse of a system and its replacement with another, will, once more, function towards stabilization of the system through the communication of the newly defined political behaviors and attitudes. In other words, political socialization is a cycle, beginning with stabilization, leading to destabilization, and ending with stabilization once again. By focusing on the political socialization processes operating in Egypt before the revolution of 1952, just prior to the revolution and then following it, the manner in which political socialization communicates behaviour intended to stabilize, destabilize then re-stabilize the political system shall be explained."

Tags:1952, able, acceptable, accepted, achievements, acquire, acquisition, act, active, actor, addition, adulthood, age, agents, aim, aiming, aims, allen, allocate, alternate, alternative, altogether, analyze, analyzed, analyzing, answering, application, area, argue, argues, aspects, assume

Abstract
This paper explains that, currently, the most pressing threat to international security lies not in the Middle-East but in the Korean Peninsula because, in April 2003, North Korea withdraw from the 32-year-old nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty thus beginning a nuclear stand-off. The author points out that, although some analysts believe that North Korea's is pursuing nuclear weapons to reunify the Korean peninsula or to save the threatened regime of Kim Jong-Il, North Korea claims to be acquiring nuclear weapons for one reason: Without nuclear weapons, it would feel vulnerable to a U.S. attack meant to overthrow its current government. The paper states that a nuclear North Korea would further destabilize the Northeast Asian region, would threaten U.S. security interests and would encourage neighboring nations such as Japan and South Korea to obtain nuclear weapons of their own, prompting a Northeast Asian nuclear arms race. Illustration.

Table of Contents
Introduction
History of the Korean Peninsula
North Korea under Kim Il-sung
North Korea under Kim Yong-Il
Timeline North Korean Nuclear Crisis
North Korean Threat and its Implications
Positions of the Powerful and Involved Nations
South Korea
China
Russia
Japan
U.S.
Conclusion

From the Paper
"North Korea is a country that is engulfed in secrecy. Its history is extensive and encompasses many centuries. Who are the Koreans and where did they come from? In his essay "The Origin of the Korean People: Who are the Koreans?", Lee Wha Rang states that no one knows exactly where the Koreans came from and who they are. He states that "DNA tests show that Koreans are about 15% of South Pacific origin (the Jomon people) and the rest attributes of the Mongolian stock from the Baikal region." It is believed that the Jomon people left Africa 35,000 - 89.000 years ago, in two general directions, south and north, respectively, and they merged again in Korea, Japan and China some 10,000 years ago. The first Korean nation was established in 7,197 BC and lasted for 3,301 years. It was known as the Han-gook."

Tags:non-proliferation, vulnerable, issues, destabilize, race

Abstract
This paper describes and critiques America's efforts to fight terrorism through the infamous "War on Terror." The paper declares that the decision for Americans to pull out of Iraq should not be a decision made by the American public, but must be one made entirely by the Iraqis. The paper asserts that only then can the outcome of that decision exonerate Americans for pulling their forces out of Iraq and leaving it vulnerable to the forces of Islamic extremism. The paper explains that jihadists do not simply aim to bring down buildings; they seek to incite fear, unsettle international relations, destabilize economies, and ultimately bring down the nations they oppose. The paper concludes that with the current world fears and economic turmoil, who is to say that America has been victorious?

Outline:
Introduction
The Laundry List
The Threat

From the Paper
"The problem with arguments that are being made against the Bush Administration and by the media pundits, academicians, and politicians is that they have their own agendas to further in berating the public to the point of concurrence with their ideas or positions. They want to sell books, news magazines, web site advertising, or are working to have their own political party gain control over the American Congress. They are poised to point the finger at the Bush Administration no matter which way events in the Middle East go, and no matter who, be it the newly elected president or the Iraqi Cabinet as the final authority in the decision on SOFA."

Tags:anti-Bush, Islamic, extremist, 9-11, WMD

Abstract
This paper is a study on the motif of gender relations in James Joyce's short story "The Dead". In order to observe this specificity of gender relations, the paper begins with an analysis of the main events that destabilize Gabriel's representation of the world. The paper then focuses on Gabriel's character under a Freudian perspective: it interprets Gabriel's relation with his mother and looks at how the relationship affects his perception. The paper then emphasizes the pathetic aspect of Gabriel's role as a male and determines how he denies the real. Finally, the paper underlines the main manifestations of the perturbation of the symbolic order in the text.

From the Paper
"The gender identity that we are provided with and imposed from the day of our birth happens to be constantly strengthened and fortified by language features and social structures. The work of the Russian structuralist Vladimir Propp has properly underlined the importance of myths and tales on that matter. Paradoxically, this opposition between men and women serves the belief they exist in a complementary relation to one other. But the rise of feminism in the twentieth century has brought along with it some rough debates. Indeed, since it appears that the social meanings of genders are not innate but rather taught, institutionalized, one might question the legitimacy of the traditional male social domination."

Tags:dead, dubliners, epiphany, modernism, gender, relations, narrative, scheme

Abstract
The paper explores existing literature to demonstrate the transnational nature of HIV/AIDS, a health issue that affects the entire world and not just distant African nations. The paper illustrates how if left unchecked, the disease can decimate populations, destabilize nations and undermine the strength of the global economy. The paper maintains that researchers and policy makers must recognize the transnational nature of HIV/AIDS and plan their response accordingly in order to mount the most effective and lasting response to this issue.

Outline:
Introduction
HIV/AIDS in a Transboundary Context
Designing Appropriate Institutions
Conclusion: The Way Forward

From the Paper
"The matter of HIV/AIDS is one of the world's most significant transboundary issues, largely because it affects such a large swath of the world. Current estimates, always out-of-date thanks to under-reporting and an increasing infection rate, are not entirely certain. In 2004, the World Health Organization that there was anywhere between 34 million and 46 million people infected worldwide. Of those infected, two-thirds lived in Africa and one-fifth lived in Asia (Beaglehole, Irwin & Prentice 2004, p. 1). Beyond the fact that HIV/AIDS is a major health issue that adversely affects the quality of life of those infected and their families, there are other associated problems. For instance, Haacker (2004) reported that HIV/AIDS has a significantly adverse effect on economic development through the prevailing social fabric (p. 42)."

Tags:outbreak, epidemic, economy, institutions, coordination, control, treatment

Abstract
This document discusses the characteristics and attributes of hard and soft currencies. The paper identifies hard currencies as positive investment targets and are typically associated with stable economies and politically stable markets. The paper further discusses how soft currencies are most often associated with emerging markets and are typically avoided by investors because of their negative practices such as issuers often pegging such soft currencies to hard currencies which serves to destabilize world currency markets.

From the Paper
"Hard and soft currencies as well as knowledge of them are vital in the global economy. How international currencies interact is a strategic consideration for corporate bodies with operations in more than one area, country, or region in matters such as hedging for risk or in repatriating revenues. A hard currency is typically referred to as the currency of a leading economy and one that is widely accepted in all markets as a common form of payment, such as the U.S. dollar, the Swiss franc or the British pound (Carrada-Bravo, 2003, p.17). Additionally, hard currencies, or currencies classified as hard in character are especially liquid on foreign exchange markets where they are actively traded. Another perspective of hard currencies is that they are normally associated with politically, economically, and socially stable countries (Laulajainen, 2003, p.44)."

Tags:hard, soft, currencies

Abstract
This paper discusses how in the book "The Specter of Communism", Melvyn P. Leffler's core focal point lies on the U.S.'s reply to the increase and spread of communism inside the Soviet Union, as well as its succeeding efforts to broaden the structure globally. It analyzes how Leffler's approach into U.S. efforts to separate and destabilize the communist gathering all through the 1920s and 30s, along with his examination of the point of potency as of which the U.S. was capable to carry out foreign relations in the late 1940s, go further than that of the characteristic cold war period efforts.

From the Paper
"Last but not least, Leffler points out that economic trouble in the world assisted identifying the design that the communist phantom had descended over the entire world. "If political developments were not worrisome enough, the economic situation in Western Europe made tensions worse Western European governments struggled to save their precious dollars, entered into barter agreements with one another, and tried desperately to sustain their recovery. But they implored the United States for more food, coal, and dollars. Unless help was received, middle-of-the-road politicians in France and Italy warned, the local communists, partners in the existing coalition governments, would exploit the situation, gain votes, and take power." "

Tags:soviet, union, cold, war