Abstract
The paper begins by explaining that the Middle East remains one of the most controversial parts of the world because of its wanted resource, namely, oil. The paper then considers how the removal of Western support for the nation could threaten the stability of Saudi Arabia, although it would hardly be in the interests of the United States to allow the alliances with the Saudis erode. The paper contends that in the case of terrorism disrupting the Saudi infrastructure, the Saudis would have to take direct action in terms of combating support for destabilizing forces. The paper concludes that ultimately, the stabilization or the destabilization of Saudi Arabia will result on the actions or non-actions of the Saudis themselves.

From the Paper
"Of all the nations in the Middle East, Saudi Arabia remains (on the surface) the most stable. While Saudi Arabia's human rights record within its own borders has long since been an atrocious one, the relationship between the Saudi government and other nations has long since been relatively peaceful. Recent events, however, have chipped away at the stability of Saudi Arabia. Fears of a refugee incursion into Saudi Arabia has resulted in the construction of a fence along the Saudi border designed to keep fleeing Iraqis out and, more ominously, Saudi Arabia has announced its intention of "going nuclear" as a means of deterring Iran, a nation that is very close to developing an atomic bomb of its own."

Tags:terrorism, extremists, oil, US, NATO, alliances

Abstract
The following paper will argue that the United States has long pursued a policy of "destabilization" when dealing with Caribbean nations that have the audacity to pursue socialist or redistributive policies the US finds offensive from an ideological point-of-view. However, this policy of destabilization has, in the past, only infrequently involved military intervention - Grenada being one of the more famous exceptions. Instead, the US has used economic sanctions, political intimidation, propaganda, and internal proxies to overwhelm "unfriendly" governments. To understand the subtlety of the US action, one must recognize that the US has often toppled popular governments; therefore, using military force to upset democratic results is hardly in keeping with the image America would like to present. As time allows, this paper will look at American actions in the Caribbean - specifically, nations like Guyana, Jamaica and (especially) Grenada - and point out how they are best understood by looking at American precedents established elsewhere; in short, in its ongoing efforts to "cover its tracks," the USA perfected a number of covert techniques in countries like Guatemala and Chile that later found full expression in the late 1970s and 1980s in US interactions with recalcitrant Caribbean lands. In the end, US foreign policy has often been characterized not by guns and missiles, but by the fairly brutal application of "indirect" means.

From the Paper
How the US Stifled the Growth of the Caribbean through Stealth: With a look at Guatemala and Chile, too The following paper will argue that the United States has long pursued a policy of "destabilization" when dealing with Caribbean nations that have the audacity to pursue socialist or redistributive policies the US finds offensive from an ideological point-of-view. However, this policy of destabilization has, in the past, only infrequently involved military intervention - Grenada being one of the more famous exceptions. Instead, the US has used economic sanctions, political intimidation, propaganda, and internal proxies to overwhelm "unfriendly" governments. To understand

Tags:guatemala, chile, usa

Abstract
This paper looks, first, at how an understanding of political socialization is an inherently important aspect of comprehending political life and then attempts to illustrate how a deeper understanding of political socialization can enhance our understanding of the role of socialization in political change, as opposed to political stability. The paper then uses the example of Egypt before the revolution of 1952, and then following it, to demonstrate how this process works.

Introduction
The Process and Theory of Political Socialization
Preparation for the Revolution: Socialization Towards System
Destabilization

From the Paper
"Socialization is a complex phenomena, analyzing and theoritizing about the ways and means by which children become social beings and acquire the tools that help them function in society, on cultural, economic and political levels. As the term itself, "socialization" implies, this phenomena is really a cultural one but, nonetheless, has very important political implications. As a matter of fact, socialization impacts many aspects of human development and, as such, constitutes an important area of study within the humanities and social sciences. The study of this phenomenon may be defined as an attempt to dissect the core of socialization and explain how the process unfolds, the manner in which it differs from one culture to another or from one age to another, and identify its determining factors. To date and in spite of a great deal of research conducted into this area and numerous attempts to attain comprehensive understanding of socialization, Stanley Allen Renshon, a Political Sociology professor and scholar, argues that socialization and, more specifically, political socialization, demands further research. This research is important if political scientist, not to mention sociologists and psychologists, are ever going to understand "the process by which the child develops into the citizen." Even though the basic process of political socialization, or socialization, as such is understood as the teaching of behaviour and the acquisition of behaviour there are many questions regarding the extent to which these learned behaviours influence politics and political systems. Jack Dennis, a Professor of Political Science at the University of Wisconsin and, author of Socialization to Politics: A Reader, emphasizes the importance of this set of question. He argues that they are important as a means of framing an understanding of "the system relevance of political socialization." In this regard, Dennis writes that answering the "question about what effects political socialization has upon political life," is crucial for understanding politics. In other words, once the elements of political socialization and the process by which it occurs, in addition to the identification of the factors which influence it, are fully understood, political life will become all that more clearer to read. Besides the necessity of understanding political socialization as inherently important to comprehension of political life, deeper understanding of political socialization will settle a major debate concerning the role of socialization in political change, as opposed to political stability. Dennis states that the exact role of political socialization in the stabilization, or destabilization of a political system is a topic of debate: "The assumption that every system engages in some program of political socialization needs to be tested; and it needs examination within the context of alternative means for building - or perhaps undermining - the support of the system's membership." The above does not simply communicate the existence of a debate regarding the role of political socialization in political systems but, expands our understanding of political socialization in a very important way. In the first place, it communicates that different systems have their unique political socialization goals and processes, directed towards the teaching of specific political beliefs and behaviors. In the second place, it informs readers that while political socialization usually functions towards the stabilization of the present political system, if new elements, communicating contrary messages enter into the process, political socialization may act towards the destabilization of a system and the creation of an alternative one. This is an interesting hypothesis which requires testing. As a way of testing that hypothesis, this research will argue that while political socialization does communicate established and accepted political behaviours and beliefs, from one generation to the next, certain economic, social and political conditions might lead to the rise of alternate beliefs and behaviours, determining political socialization towards revolutionary goals which, once successful and expressed in the collapse of a system and its replacement with another, will, once more, function towards stabilization of the system through the communication of the newly defined political behaviors and attitudes. In other words, political socialization is a cycle, beginning with stabilization, leading to destabilization, and ending with stabilization once again. By focusing on the political socialization processes operating in Egypt before the revolution of 1952, just prior to the revolution and then following it, the manner in which political socialization communicates behaviour intended to stabilize, destabilize then re-stabilize the political system shall be explained."

Tags:1952, able, acceptable, accepted, achievements, acquire, acquisition, act, active, actor, addition, adulthood, age, agents, aim, aiming, aims, allen, allocate, alternate, alternative, altogether, analyze, analyzed, analyzing, answering, application, area, argue, argues, aspects, assume

From the Paper
"KOSOVO CRISIS OF 1998-1999 AND ITS RAMIFICATIONS

This research paper traces the origins and course of the current dispute in Kosovo and discusses its potential for destabilizing further the Balkans, including the possibility of a wider war in the region, and ways in which tensions there might be heightened or reduced.

The roots of the conflict in Kosovo lie deeply embedded in the histories of the Albanian and Serbian peoples, especially during the occupation of the region by the Ottoman Empire, and tensions and conflicts between them, primarily of an ethno-religious nature, which intensified at periodic intervals during the late 19th and 20th centuries. Those tensions and conflicts have been greatly accentuated by the rise of Serbian ultranationalism after the collapse of communist Yugoslavia and ..."

Abstract
The paper discusses how the decline of the Ottoman and Qing Empires destabilized international order in the West and East respectively. The paper continues by explaining the lack of equilibrium and the political and military vacuums caused by the breakups.

From the Paper
"This research paper analyzes and compares the extent to which the international order in the West was destabilized by the collapse of the Ottoman Empire and in the East by that of the Qing Dynasty. The slow decay and fitful decline of the Ottoman Empire culminating in its destruction at the end of World War I certainly influenced the balance of power in Eastern and Central Europe."

Tags:decline, Ottoman, Qing, Empires, consequences

Abstract
This paper explains that Pol Pot's campaign against his own people resulted in the deaths of between 700,000 and 1 million people, either as a result of execution or illness, from hunger and overwork. The author points out four main reasons why Pol Pot and the Khmer Rouge came into power: (1) As a response to French colonialism at the end of World War II, (2) rivalry between Vietnamese and Chinese Communists within the party, (3) Prince Norodom Sihanouk's brutal repression and (4) U.S. economic and military destabilization of Cambodia. The paper stresses the U.S. involvement in each of these reasons.

From the Paper
"As the bombings only increased after the end of U.S. involvement in Vietnam, over 150,000 Cambodian civilians perished. Ultimately, the Cambodian civilians feared U.S. air attacks more than they feared Pol Pot and his severe tactics. Not surprisingly then, Pol Pot came into power. By April 1975, the CPK had taken over the two largest cities in Cambodia, Phnom Penh and Battambang, and defeated Lon Nol. The terror Cambodians received from the U.S. was now over, but they were entering into the holocaust that Pol Pot would bring about."

Tags:deaths, colonialism, rivalry, repression, destabilization

Abstract
In looking at the risks of a U.S. war with Iraq, this paper discusses the increase in the threat to national security, the destabilization of world peace and the violation of democratic principles. The author draws the conclusion that America would be violating each and every principle that it claims to uphold if it chooses to go to war with Iraq.

Outline
1. An increase in the threat to national security.
a. Mercenary and fundamentalist factions in Afghanistan that once followed U.S. wishes turned against the U.S. post the Gulf War against Iraq, ultimately leading to September 11, 2001.
b. Rise in anti-American sentiment
i. Questions over U.S. rhetoric and double standards such as categorizing Iraq and Iran as belonging to the "axis of evil," but continuing to turn a blind eye to terrorist activity in Pakistan within its own borders and in Kashmir.
2. Destabilization of world peace
a. U.S. action against Iraq could lead to further destabilization of the entire Middle East region, as opined by many leading experts.

b. Breakdown of international arms non-proliferation and disarmament efforts since U.S. preemptive action will lend further justification to countries of different ideological leanings to arm themselves in the interests of national self-defense.

3. Violation of democratic principles
a. The right of the people of each country to choose their preferred course of action and if so desired overthrow their own government, which has been exercised time and again in world history
i. Our own struggle to break away from British Imperialism
ii. India's freedom of struggle against the British using non-violent principles and forms of rebellion.
iii. The increasing fall in U.S. public opinion
b. A war against an already deprived and suffering nation raises questions about humanitarian principles.
4. In conclusion, we will be violating each and every principle that we claim to uphold if we choose to go to war with Iraq.

From the Paper
"I don't think anyone in the free world doubts that Saddam Hussein is a "threat" to international peace. However, any military action is likely to be risky and self-defeating at this point in time. To start with, any U.S. action against Iraq and that too, without support from the UN and the international community is likely to endanger and not protect national security. For after all, let's not forget and let's face upto the fact that Osama was, in many ways, a creation of the U.S., who brought together a combination of communal factions and mercenaries in Afghanistan during the years of the Cold War, on the platform of anti-communism and "jehad." Post the end of the Cold War, however, various interested factions in the Islamic world continued to use Afghanistan and the very same U.S. creations of jehadis to spread Islamic fundamentalism."

Tags:hussein, invade, security, peace, democracy, saddam

Abstract
The writer analyzes "Bad Money: Reckless Finance, Failed Politics, and the Global Crisis of American Capitalism", in which the author Kevin Phillips analyzes the current U.S. economic crisis and outlines the factors most responsible for its evolution over the last several decades. The writer notes that in chronological order, Phillips explains how the following issues and circumstances culminated in the recent collapse of the American economy: (1) the increasing influence of big business and special interest groups on legislative policy in Washington; (2) the increase U.S. dependence on OPEC to meet energy demands; (3) the increase in consumer debt; (4) government deregulation of banking, investment, and insurance; (5) government deregulation of the commodities and futures market; (6) the complexity of modern financial instruments and trading protocols throughout the financial investment sector; (7) the resulting destabilization of the home mortgage industry; and (8) rampant fraud on both sides of the consumer debt and home mortgage industry. The writer maintains that less directly, Phillips also implicates the Right-Wing Conservative orientation of the presidential administration of George W. Bush.

Outline:
The U.S. Dependence on OPEC Oil
The Influence of Big Business and Special Interest Groups on Legislative Policy
Increasing Consumer Debt
Government Deregulation of Banking, Investment, and Insurance
The Complexity of Modern Financial Instruments and Trading Protocols
Consumer Debt and Home Mortgage Industry Fraud
Destabilization of the Home Mortgage Industry

From the Paper
"During the 1980s, computerization revolutionized the process of stock trading because of the tremendous increase in the speed (and therefore, the volume) of stock transactions on Wall Street as well as in the foreign stock markets in Britain and Japan, among others. Toward the end of the decade, Wall Street investment firms began hiring PhDs in mathematics and physics to create incredibly complex algorithms capable of modeling elements of the stock and futures markets. In most cases, the creators of these algorithms knew next to nothing about the financial industry, and the executives who employed them knew (literally) nothing about the mechanisms their firms had begun to rely on for their trading strategy."

Tags:market, financial, property, investments, debt

Abstract
This paper examines President Ronald Reagan's foreign policy and how he began a program of destabilization in Nicaragua, serving the 'Contra' guerrilla forces in Honduras and Costa Rica and mounting an economic boycott. The history of Nicaragua is presented and how this ongoing foreign policy of destabilization is taking its toll on the country economically, socially and politically.

From the Paper
"From the 16th century, Nicaragua was ruled by Spain. On 15 September 1821, the country became independent from Spain. US troops were call into the country in 1912, but remove in 1933, following a six-year guerrilla struggle to evict them, led by Augusto Csar Sandino. The role of the US forces was taken up by the National Guard, led by General Anastasio Somoza Garcia, who detained power in 1935 and whose family ruled Nicaragua in an increasingly brutal, despotic and corrupt manner until 1979. After a 17-year guerrilla war, the last Somoza was defeat by the Frente Sandinista de Liberacin Nacional (FSLN). The 'Sandinistas' established a Junta of National Reconstruction, and began a program of agrarian reform, nationalization of industry, and massive health and literacy schemes."

Tags:Anastasio, Somoza, Garcia, Spain, Sandinistas, Contra, CIA, Honduras

Abstract
This paper analyzes the concept of "change", theories behind it, why it is necessary and how organizations need to cope with change in order to survive.

From the paper:

"Change requires change. Organizations today are making abundant changes internally to cope with a highly turbulent external environment. With frequent reorganizing, downsizing, rightsizing, delayering, flattening the pyramid, teaming and outsourcing taking place, careers and career opportunities are in pandemonium resulting from the progressive destabilization of relationships between people and organizations."

Tags:career, management, motivation, commitment