Abstract
The paper discusses how in "A Farewell to Arms," Ernest Hemingway chronicles the life of Frederic Henry, an American serving as an ambulance driver in the Italian Army during World War I. The paper examines how Hemingway contrasts the death and despair of war with the loving relationship between Henry and an English nurse. The paper explains that this relationship, although an escape from the despondency of battle, actually culminates in more pain and misery, thus highlighting how despair is inevitable in war.

From the Paper
"In his partially autobiographical novel, A Farewell to Arms, Ernest Hemingway chronicles the life of Frederic Henry, an American serving as an ambulance driver in the Italian Army during World War I. Hemingway conveys the idea of insensibility shared by Henry and the other soldiers and army personnel as they take pleasure in unscrupulous living and overt excess. Symbolic in nature, their unrestrained behavior discloses the sense of hopelessness felt among the soldiers as they realize the futility of war. Amid the tumultuous events taking place on the battlefield, Hemingway contrasts the death and despair with the loving relationship between Henry and an English nurse, Catherine Barkley. This relationship appears to be an escape from the despondency so prevalent on the frontlines of battle. However, Henry and Catherine's relationship culminates in more pain and misery as Hemingway weaves a tale that illuminates the insensate horror and devastation born out of war."

Tags:hopelessness, despondency, futility, love

Abstract
This paper explains how the poverty and despondency amongst the new working class created by Europe's industrial revolution was expressed in the artistic form of Realism. The paper looks at how Realism sought to correctly portray the conditions and hardships of the poor with the hope of improving their living situations. The paper discusses some of the Realist artists of that era and describes how their works depicted the reality in the cities and countryside.

From the Paper
"To Courbet, Realism was not so much a style of painting as a philosophy. His arguments with the present French art establishment concerned subject matter, not painting technique. Juries and the public shunned the Realists' work, because the art style broke away from the official Academic art. Courbet's paintings, such as the Stone-Breakers of 1849, which featured the laboring, faceless figures of an old man and adolescent boy, was criticized severely by critics who preferred mythological or idealistic subjects."

Tags:romanticism, artwork, painters, gustave, sympathy, citizens, jules, breton, gleaners

Abstract
While it is true that a greater proportion of individuals in nursing homes have depression than the general population, the majority of these individuals are over 80 and experience chronic illness and pain. In addition, many of them have lost their loved ones and are alone most of the day. This paper discusses the factors which lead to the popular belief that depression and lack of well-being affect anybody over the age of 65. Some of the factors discussed include media attention on the negative aspects of aging, the focus on youth and beauty and general stereotyping. The paper also looks at several studies done on the myth about a clear-cut link between growing old and losing one's sense of well-being. The paper concludes that depression and despondency are not preset characteristics of all aging individuals. Rather, they are symptoms of other problems such as boredom, economic or social disadvantage or chronic illness.

From the Paper
"Lucille B. Bearon, Ph.D. recommends that a two-tiered approach to defining successful aging (one for healthy older adults and one for the frail) more accurately fits the realities of aging. As the older population increases in diversity, the concept of successful aging may become even more difficult to define without expanding the number of models. One solution may be to return to an earlier theme that successful aging is in the eye of the beholder. In this case, successful aging is measured by indicators of subjective well-being such as life satisfaction, happiness, morale, perceived quality of life or other related measures of negativity such as depression, anxiety, etc."

Tags:Alzheimer?s, Disease, medication, ADL

Abstract
A paper that depicts the social life of Iran as experienced by the director Amir Naderi and his friends and shows the despondency prevalent in the remains of the revolution.

Tags:amir, naderi, iran

Abstract
This paper discusses Anne Bradstreet's poem "Upon Burning of Our House" written in 1666 about a burning house and the loss of all material goods. It analyzes how the work is based on the Puritan theological concepts of the time which tended reveal a sense of hopelessness and despondency as far as life was concerned. It shows how the willingness of the poet to shun the world and its possessions for bigger rewards is a purely Puritan concept which seems to lack substance. Material accomplishments were viewed as selfish desires, which had to be abandoned if a man sought to achieve happiness in the world thereafter.

From the Paper
"Bradstreet is exploring a very simple Christian concept in this poem. However if the poem is studied in historical context, we can unearth many significant messages, which speak volumes about the times of the poet. For example, the willingness of the poet to shun this world and its possessions for bigger rewards is a purely Puritan concept, which upon close examination seems to lack substance. The poet it appears was writing this poem to please the society of her times and thus failed to make any significant original contribution to this cliched idea. Christianity has been preaching the same thing since time immemorial and it has been extensively discussed. "

Tags:fire, puritan, material, life

Abstract
Critique of the 1996 book on the Dark Ages. Book depicts the end of an era of little or no intellectual accomplishments. The despondency of the era. The failure of imagination. The discouragement of individual thought. Argument of the author that the medieval spirit was not a bridge to the Renaissance.

From the Paper
"THE AUTUMN OF THE MIDDLE AGES

To most of us, this was a period often referred to as The Dark Ages . It was a time of lean intellectual accomplishments. The only light at the end of any creative tunnel occurred in the monasteries. What had been attempted in the Holy Roman Empire of Charlemagne had not really lasted. But, the autumn of this period was really unlike the autumn of the seasons in the sense that it would lead to a cold winter. Instead, it led to the recovering of Man in the rebirth - the Renaissance - of thought, art, and prospects of a better, un-serf like existence even for the common man. Huizenga (1996), however, according to his editor here, does not see the 14th and 15th centuries as a bridge to the Renaissance. Instead as the end of the Middle Ages, as the age of medieval thought in its last phase of life, as a tree with overripe ..."

Abstract
The paper reveals that although those involved in the industry do not like to hear about it, there is evidence that the television media has played a role, historically, in creating "spikes" in the suicide rate within a number of different countries - Canada, Israel and Taiwan being the ones that are the focus of this study. With that in mind, the paper looks at several instances wherein people with a predisposition towards committing suicide were "pushed over the edge" by a media that did not do nearly enough to inform the public about the help that was available to assist individuals grappling with serious depression or mental pathologies. At the same time, the paper outlines what the media can do in order to stop the evening news from being one of the factors in people deciding to take their own lives. In the final analysis, the paper concludes that media organizations have not, at least until quite recently, done nearly enough to cut down on explicit descriptions of suicides and they have not done nearly enough to provide information about where people can go if they find themselves despondent enough to attempt suicide. The paper contends that because of this, men and women (and young people) with clinical depression, manic-depressive symptoms or other mental illnesses are propelled towards thinking that taking their own life will somehow make other people care about them more than the victim thinks they do.

From the Paper
"Although those involved in the industry do not like to hear about it, there is evidence that the television media has played a role, historically, in creating "spikes" in the suicide rate within a number of different countries - Canada, Israel and Taiwan being the ones that will be the focus of this study. With that in mind, the following several pages will look at several instances wherein people with a predisposition towards committing suicide were "pushed over the edge" by a media that did not do nearly enough to inform the public about the help that was available to assist individuals grappling with serious depression or..."

Tags:media, suicide, rates

Abstract
The paper examines the Epicurean view that death should not be feared and comparesit to Thomas Nagel's view that death is indeed something to dread. The paper argues that Epicurus' view is a more compelling one simply because death is an inevitability and Nagel expects human beings to assume a despondent, hopeless approach to human existence that pushes aside getting the most one can out of life. The paper concludes that while Nagel and Epicurus both share a love of human life and what it offers, Epicurus is unwilling to allow that existence to be shaped by gloomy thoughts.

From the Paper
"To begin with, Nagel starts by pointing out that death would be an indifferent affair if people were simply to expire after a long, coma-like state. For Nagel, life is fundamentally about being "alive", about being ambulatory and able to do certain things that lie within our power to do; in effect (although Nagel does not say so explicitly) life is - or can be - essentially an expression of human autonomy, efficacy, and self-actualization. In a real sense, Nagel posits that human beings lose something or have something taken from them when they die. To put it another way, while a dead corpse is but a corpse, the real tragedy lies in the fact that the experiences, sensations, thoughts and feelings of life have been stripped from a deceased person."

Tags:existence, human, control, mortality, life, sensation, enjoyment

Abstract
This paper explains that, even though people often think of Emily Dickinson in such terms as reclusive, despondent and unrequited love; parody, sarcasm and humor are very evident in Dickinson's works. The author points out that Dickinson often uses devices such as irony and satire for comic relief as well as for getting quickly across a point in her short, but significant pieces. The paper relates that Dickinson's topics run the gambit from politics and religion to making fun of the day-to-day inconsequential problems of life as seen in her poem "I'm Nobody, Who Are You?".

From the Paper
""I'm Nobody" clearly demonstrates Dickinson's satire. It has been said that this poem is most likely about her inability to achieve recognition as a poet. However, especially because she kept to herself--actually enjoyed isolation--she probably would have been unhappy if fame had come her way. How horrible it would be, she relates, if you are famous and have to continually be ogled and followed by admirers. This is a problem, in fact, that most celebrities and other known individuals such as politicians have today. They cannot do anything without the press knowing it."

Tags:parody, sarcasm, irony, satire, nobody

Abstract
In this paper the author outlines the poverty, malnutrition, disease and lack of good agriculture that is abundant in the rural areas of India. He highlights villages where tragedy has occurred. The author proceeds to discuss suggestions of how to improve the plight of these despondent rural areas and gives examples of how to support non-agricultural labor through education programs in order to stimulate and maintain growth elsewhere in rural economies, reducing the reliance upon unreliable environmental conditions present in agriculture. The author also points out that critical both to agriculture and to quality of life in general, are such issues as irrigation, sanitation and medical attention, which he suggests can be addressed by aid organizations. The author suggests ways that these issues can be addressed through government bodies and other charity organizations. In conclusion he states that it is imperative to provide economic stimulus to the country as a whole through increased agricultural output and increased work-force strength both in terms of health and education.

Table of Contents:
Introduction and Model Exploration
Proposal Based on Model Systems

From the Paper
"As is apparent from the models provided in Zimbabwe, Malawi and the Bihar Plateau, support of agriculture is key to addressing both immediate and long-term nutritional needs as well as economic growth of rural areas. Because of the symbiosis present between poverty and under nutrition, short-term measures such as emergency food and water relief are not sufficient to address the problem of under nutrition on an ongoing basis, and chronic use places undue fiscal burden on aid organizations and the Indian government. A more far-sighted and ultimately successful method of resolution incorporates both top-down and bottom-up relief, integrating short-term, immediate relief efforts with long-term, delayed benefit policies."

Tags:chronic, nutrition, developing, countries, education, infrastructure, growth