Abstract
This paper discusses why today's children and teenagers are desensitized to violence, emphasizing the role of television and video games. The paper looks at the significance of the problem, the psychological and sociological underpinnings of desensitization to violence and cites empirical studies on the topic.

Tags:media, violence, video games, densitization, children, teenagers

Abstract
In this article, the writer points out that the film industry thrives on violence that desensitizes its viewers. The writer notes that 'Natural Born Killers', directed by Oliver Stone, works to show how this desensitization occurs. The writer discusses that Stone does this through the use of music, television, the media, and an interwoven love story. The paper further relates that, as told by Stone in some behind the scenes commentary, the film is a satire critiquing its own genre of violent movies, and interrogates how violence works in films. The writer concludes that Oliver Stone's 'Natural Born Killers' is a film that points the finger at itself in terms of the argument about violence in movies. The writer maintains that the film shows its viewers how today's films stray from the meaningful use of death and violence and move towards mindless minutia that is basically fed to society.

From the Paper
"In specific scenes, music diverts the attention of the viewer away from the fact that the main characters Mickey and Mallory Knox are killing people. During the first scene of the movie, Mickey shoots a cook at a small diner. While the bullet is in the air, the scene turns to black and white and shows the heavy set cook screaming, but an opera singer is played instead of an actually person screaming. Just before the bullet hits the cook, it pauses for a second, similar to a cartoon. These things cause the viewer to think of this action as funny instead of horrific. Since the cook is a heavy person and opera singers are commonly stereotyped as big people, this makes for a successful joke. Also the way the bullet pauses in mid-air just before it hits the cook is funny since cartoons commonly use the method of delaying an impact to give time for the victim to show a funny face. These strategies make the viewer think that this behavior is funny and acceptable since it is presented in a humorous way. Mickey also strikes an escaping man in the back with a knife. The same tactic is used here; while the knife is flying through the air, an opera singer is played again. After the chaos is finished, Mickey and Mallory start to ballroom dance in the diner. The lights dim and classic ballroom music is played."

Tags:violent, killing, viewer, behavior

Abstract
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is one form of psychotherapy which was intended to address issues associated with traumatic experiences and memories. There is no question of the effectiveness of EMDR in dealing with post-traumatic stress disorder or trauma related to events such as rape, childhood sexual abuse or ongoing experiences of abuse and maltreatment. EMDR also is effective in treating depression and postpartum depression. The controversy related to this therapy is related to its theoretical framework, and especially the role played by eye movements, along with the mechanisms of eye movements. This paper will outline the processes of EMDR and the centrality of eye movements in those processes. Primarily, the controversy surrounding eye movements and theory will be analyzed. The arguments developed by the opponents of EMDR are as convincing as proponents' views.

From the Paper
The Controversy Surrounding Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) Introduction Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is one form of psychotherapy which was intended to address issues associated with traumatic experiences and memories. There is no question of the effectiveness of EMDR in dealing with post-traumatic stress disorder or trauma related to events such as rape, childhood sexual abuse or ongoing experiences of abuse and maltreatment. EMDR also is effective in treating depression and postpartum depression. The controversy related to this

Tags:emdr, debate, issues

Abstract
This paper will discuss how comedy and horror movies desensitize their audiences and why this occurs. By using certain information that might reflect this, we can understand how these forms of entertainment work in this fashion. By analyzing a certain variety of movies, the process that is created in comedy and horror movies show how people become less sensitive to violence and comedy situations that would not, in reality, be considered very funny.

Abstract
The paper explains that Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing or EMDR has been touted as a strong and viable intervention for helping people to deal with a wide variety of anxiety related problems, conditions, and disorders such as PTSD, phobias, stress-related illnesses, and so forth. This brief review aims at understanding its degree of effectiveness as well as its limitations.

From the Paper
"Desensitization Reprocessing or EMDR has been touted as a strong and viable intervention for helping people to deal with a wide variety of anxiety related problems, conditions and disorders such as PTSD, phobias, stress related illnesses and so forth. (Shapiro Forrest) This brief review aims at understanding its degree of effectiveness as well as its limitations. In an effort to specify treatment efficacy levels and boundaries, several critical summaries of EMDR's treatment effectiveness were reviewed..."

Tags:Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing, EMDR, Treatment Efficacy

Abstract
The paper discusses how some literature on video game violence has disproved any specific relationship between video game use and violence among young people, while other research suggests that violent video games are associated with increased violent tendencies. The paper considers the restriction of certain types of violent content from video games from the logical, ethical and emotional points of view. The paper concludes that even if a direct correlation between video game violence and actual violence is difficult to establish, there is probably sufficient evidence of other ways that exposure to violence does contribute to negative behaviors, and therefore it would be more appropriate to impose greater restrictions on the use of video games.

Outline:
Introduction
The Argument over Video Games and Increased Actual Violence
The Argument over Video Games and Increased Aggression
The Argument over Video Games and Desensitization to Violence
Other Arguments over Video Games and Violence
Logos, Pathos, and Ethos
Conclusion

From the Paper
"In theory, the modern computer and video games are no different conceptually, but some educators and other experts on child psychology and development have expressed concern over the graphic violence and the realistically simulated illegality, murder, and mutilations. In many of the modern computer and video games, points are awarded for murderous violence. The realism of these games and the high degree of control in the user may play a role in psychological conditioning of users to enjoy violence or to value human life insufficiently.
"Whereas adults may not be susceptible to this kind of influence, the concern is that children and adolescents are much more capable of being influenced in this way, because their understanding of human relations and various values are still developing. More importantly, human beings do not generally begin to understand the consequences of their actions and do not yet necessarily make the best decisions and choices until their late teens or early 20s. The formal research on the issue has provided mixed results. Some peer-reviewed literature has disproved any specific relationship between video game use and violence among young people. Other peer-reviewed literature suggests the exact opposite: that violent video games are associated with increased violent tendencies."

Tags:bullying, trauma, stereotyping, illegality, murder

Abstract
In this article, the writer goes into detail about the three main components that affect children concerning violence on television. The writer notes that these effects can last a lifetime and greatly impact society as a whole. The paper then discusses the catharsis theory,which claims that televised violence does not have negative effects as other researcher have claimed. The writer concludes that the accumulated experimental findings on the effects of TV violence do not support the catharsis theory and its conclusions.

Outline:
Aggressive Attitudes and Behaviors
Becoming Desensitized to Real World Violence
Developing a Fear of Being Victimized by Violence
Conclusion
The Catharsis Theory

From the Paper
"The first step in learning aggressive attitudes and behaviors is accepting violence as a way to solve problems. On television, violence is the attractive, effective, and preferred solution to most conflicts. Violence is usually portrayed as justified, that is, the good guys win and the bad guys lose. Problems are usually solved rapidly and violently, and violent or other anti-social behaviors go unpunished. The good guys are very often no more appropriate role models for young children than the villains themselves. The result is that many American children are more familiar with violent, aggressive, and anti-social approaches to solving problems. For some, television at its worst, is a terrible influence on a child's mind, an influence that upsets moral balance and makes a child likely to have aggressive behavior as it warps his or her perception of the real world. Some psychologists and psychiatrists feel that continued exposure to such violence might unnaturally speed up the impact of the adult world on the child. This can force the child into a kind of premature maturity. As the child matures into an adult, he can become bewildered; have a greater distrust towards others, a superficial approach to adult problems, and even an unwillingness to become an adult."

Tags:research, Catharsis, desensitized, victim, aggresion, violence

Abstract
This paper explains, in Graham Greene's "The Quiet American" and Philip Caputo's "A Rumor of War", the desperate extremes men were forced to confront during the Vietnam War, which led to a clear transformation of their beliefs. The author points out that, in Graham Greene's "The Quiet American", the protagonist Thomas Fowler, an aging British reporter with no particular moral, religious or political beliefs, encounters a man called Pyle, becomes involved in a political plot and changes from a reporter committed to neutrality to a man forced to make an irreversible moral decision. The paper relates that, faced with the atrocities of guerrilla warfare during his tour in Vietnam, Philip Caputo, as reported in his book, evolves from a young, enthusiastic idealist with romanticized views of war to a desensitized and dehumanized veteran.

From the Paper
"Thomas Fowler meets Pyle unexpectedly and is immediately drawn to the American. To a morally weary colonialist like Fowler, Pyle's guileless decency is endearing, if somewhat ludicrous. However, Fowler is soon made uneasy by Pyle's clandestine activities, and while he never questions his intentions, Fowler realizes that Pyle's blind adherence to rigid ideological theories, sacrifices his ability to admit actual human consequences. Fowler at first sympathizes with Pyle's sweetness and real humility. He's not the ugly American of anti-colonial literature, and he is very likable (Greene 29). Fowler's sympathetic response to Pyle illustrates a tolerant, indulgent, almost avuncular concern for the rash and infuriatingly quiet American, which sits at odds with his professed impartiality. When Pyle stirs up trouble in Fowler's personal life by professing his love to Fowler's mistress, Fowler still sees Pyle as a man with good motives despite all the trouble he has caused (Greene 52). As the months pass, a sequence of events, including bombs and strange trails leading to General The (Greene 120), brings Pyle to a different light in Fowler's eyes."

Tags:clandestine, desensitized, reporter, marines, transformation

Abstract
This author states that the media, however good intentioned, is not always as responsible as it could be. The paper states that the public is easily persuaded and that the media has desensitized the public. The author believes that the problem with the media is that is more than a means of communication; it is a business that gets its revenues from advertising and needs to turn a profit.

From the Paper
"Advertisers are only going to advertise through the media if people see it. The media has to have something the people want. Think of the media -- let's use a newspaper -- as a clothing store for a moment. If the window display in the store shows clothes that are not your style or your size, you are not going to enter the store. The paper is the same way. If nothing on the front page grabs your attention, you are less likely to pick up the paper. If you do not pick up the paper and look inside, you will never see those ads."

Tags:responsible, persuaded, desensitized, business, revenues, advertising, profit

Abstract
This paper stresses that, more than any other reality television show, "Joe Millionaire" highlights particularly disturbing social views regarding women and relationships because the show presents women as liars who are motivated only by the money. The author points out that reality television has given networks another option to violence, but the audience is gradually becoming desensitized to the ethical ugliness, just as they have become desensitized to violence. The paper concludes that more and more young people associate behavior such as lying and cheating, not with a moral quandary, but with a vicarious thrill.

From the Paper
"In "The Bachelor", for example, the first bachelor Alex Michel showed no qualms about having sex with one of the bachelorettes and eventually choosing another girl. The lack of public outcry about this behavior shows that for many people, the thought of sex outside a relationship and the presentation of women as objects to be chosen no longer raise a moral quandary."

Tags:desensitize, women, relationship, violence, sex