Abstract
This paper will discuss how comedy and horror movies desensitize their audiences and why this occurs. By using certain information that might reflect this, we can understand how these forms of entertainment work in this fashion. By analyzing a certain variety of movies, the process that is created in comedy and horror movies show how people become less sensitive to violence and comedy situations that would not, in reality, be considered very funny.

Abstract
In this article, the writer points out that the film industry thrives on violence that desensitizes its viewers. The writer notes that 'Natural Born Killers', directed by Oliver Stone, works to show how this desensitization occurs. The writer discusses that Stone does this through the use of music, television, the media, and an interwoven love story. The paper further relates that, as told by Stone in some behind the scenes commentary, the film is a satire critiquing its own genre of violent movies, and interrogates how violence works in films. The writer concludes that Oliver Stone's 'Natural Born Killers' is a film that points the finger at itself in terms of the argument about violence in movies. The writer maintains that the film shows its viewers how today's films stray from the meaningful use of death and violence and move towards mindless minutia that is basically fed to society.

From the Paper
"In specific scenes, music diverts the attention of the viewer away from the fact that the main characters Mickey and Mallory Knox are killing people. During the first scene of the movie, Mickey shoots a cook at a small diner. While the bullet is in the air, the scene turns to black and white and shows the heavy set cook screaming, but an opera singer is played instead of an actually person screaming. Just before the bullet hits the cook, it pauses for a second, similar to a cartoon. These things cause the viewer to think of this action as funny instead of horrific. Since the cook is a heavy person and opera singers are commonly stereotyped as big people, this makes for a successful joke. Also the way the bullet pauses in mid-air just before it hits the cook is funny since cartoons commonly use the method of delaying an impact to give time for the victim to show a funny face. These strategies make the viewer think that this behavior is funny and acceptable since it is presented in a humorous way. Mickey also strikes an escaping man in the back with a knife. The same tactic is used here; while the knife is flying through the air, an opera singer is played again. After the chaos is finished, Mickey and Mallory start to ballroom dance in the diner. The lights dim and classic ballroom music is played."

Tags:violent, killing, viewer, behavior

Abstract
This paper discusses why today's children and teenagers are desensitized to violence, emphasizing the role of television and video games. The paper looks at the significance of the problem, the psychological and sociological underpinnings of desensitization to violence and cites empirical studies on the topic.

Tags:media, violence, video games, densitization, children, teenagers

Abstract
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is one form of psychotherapy which was intended to address issues associated with traumatic experiences and memories. There is no question of the effectiveness of EMDR in dealing with post-traumatic stress disorder or trauma related to events such as rape, childhood sexual abuse or ongoing experiences of abuse and maltreatment. EMDR also is effective in treating depression and postpartum depression. The controversy related to this therapy is related to its theoretical framework, and especially the role played by eye movements, along with the mechanisms of eye movements. This paper will outline the processes of EMDR and the centrality of eye movements in those processes. Primarily, the controversy surrounding eye movements and theory will be analyzed. The arguments developed by the opponents of EMDR are as convincing as proponents' views.

From the Paper
The Controversy Surrounding Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) Introduction Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is one form of psychotherapy which was intended to address issues associated with traumatic experiences and memories. There is no question of the effectiveness of EMDR in dealing with post-traumatic stress disorder or trauma related to events such as rape, childhood sexual abuse or ongoing experiences of abuse and maltreatment. EMDR also is effective in treating depression and postpartum depression. The controversy related to this

Tags:emdr, debate, issues

Abstract
The paper explains that Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing or EMDR has been touted as a strong and viable intervention for helping people to deal with a wide variety of anxiety related problems, conditions, and disorders such as PTSD, phobias, stress-related illnesses, and so forth. This brief review aims at understanding its degree of effectiveness as well as its limitations.

From the Paper
"Desensitization Reprocessing or EMDR has been touted as a strong and viable intervention for helping people to deal with a wide variety of anxiety related problems, conditions and disorders such as PTSD, phobias, stress related illnesses and so forth. (Shapiro Forrest) This brief review aims at understanding its degree of effectiveness as well as its limitations. In an effort to specify treatment efficacy levels and boundaries, several critical summaries of EMDR's treatment effectiveness were reviewed..."

Tags:Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing, EMDR, Treatment Efficacy

Abstract
The paper discusses how some literature on video game violence has disproved any specific relationship between video game use and violence among young people, while other research suggests that violent video games are associated with increased violent tendencies. The paper considers the restriction of certain types of violent content from video games from the logical, ethical and emotional points of view. The paper concludes that even if a direct correlation between video game violence and actual violence is difficult to establish, there is probably sufficient evidence of other ways that exposure to violence does contribute to negative behaviors, and therefore it would be more appropriate to impose greater restrictions on the use of video games.

Outline:
Introduction
The Argument over Video Games and Increased Actual Violence
The Argument over Video Games and Increased Aggression
The Argument over Video Games and Desensitization to Violence
Other Arguments over Video Games and Violence
Logos, Pathos, and Ethos
Conclusion

From the Paper
"In theory, the modern computer and video games are no different conceptually, but some educators and other experts on child psychology and development have expressed concern over the graphic violence and the realistically simulated illegality, murder, and mutilations. In many of the modern computer and video games, points are awarded for murderous violence. The realism of these games and the high degree of control in the user may play a role in psychological conditioning of users to enjoy violence or to value human life insufficiently.
"Whereas adults may not be susceptible to this kind of influence, the concern is that children and adolescents are much more capable of being influenced in this way, because their understanding of human relations and various values are still developing. More importantly, human beings do not generally begin to understand the consequences of their actions and do not yet necessarily make the best decisions and choices until their late teens or early 20s. The formal research on the issue has provided mixed results. Some peer-reviewed literature has disproved any specific relationship between video game use and violence among young people. Other peer-reviewed literature suggests the exact opposite: that violent video games are associated with increased violent tendencies."

Tags:bullying, trauma, stereotyping, illegality, murder

Abstract
This research paper looks at the correlation between exposure to violent video games and aggressive behavior, suggesting that the recent popularity of violent images in video games is a factor behind increased aggression and delinquency. The author discusses previous research studies which prove that viewing violent acts can desensitize youth and distort their perspective of harm and consequences.

From the Paper
"In the Journal of Adolescence, a team of researchers attempted to document the video game habits of young adolescents, and examine the relationship between exposure, aggression, and delinquency (Gentile, Lynch, Linder & Walsh, 2004). According to the General Aggression Model, "it suggests that recent exposure to violent media can cause short-term increases in aggression through its impact on a person's present internal state, represented by cognitive, affective, and arousal variables. Playing a violent video game may prime aggressive cognitions...increase arousal, and create an aggressive affective (e.g., angry) state" (Anderson & Bushman, 2002, p. 1680).
"A study entitled "The effects of violent video game habits on adolescent hostility, aggressive behaviors, and school performance", also explained how some studies might be outdated by kind of content they analyzed. According to Dill and Dill (1998) "In the late 1970's and early 1980's when Atari dominated the market, the graphic capability of games was very simplistic to the point that video game violence was largely abstract and rarely involved violence between humans" (as cited in Gentile et al., 2004, p. 8)."

Tags:violent hostility desensitization aggressive columbine, violent media

Abstract
This paper examines in-depth what some experts consider to be a direct causal relationship between violence in video games and violence among children. The opposing viewpoint is also presented in the paper. First, the paper approaches the issue from a theoretical angle, noting the number of violent incidents children can potentially see on a video game when they are at an impressionable age. Next, the paper cites evidence that suggests that repeated exposure to visual depictions of violence and participation in active imitations of violence promotes increased aggression. Then, the paper explores how video games may desensitize children and teens to violence. The paper also addresses how studies have demonstrated a correlation between repeated exposure to depictions of violence, including participation in violent video games, and behavior related to bullying other children. Additionally, the paper discusses how frequent use of video games and social media may reduce children and teens' ability to develop solid social skills, may result in social isolation and negatively impacts racial and gender stereotypes. The paper concludes by stating that evidence suggests that general aggression is higher among children who are regularly exposed to video violence, among the many other negative characteristics listed above.


Outline:

Introduction
Theoretical Concerns
Concerns about Violence
Concerns about Aggression
Desensitization to Violence
Concerns about Bullying
Concerns about Social Isolation
Concerns about Sensitivity and Empathy
Concerns about Creating a Negative Worldview and Traumatizing Children
Misogyny, Racial, and Social Stereotyping
Physiological Concerns
Conclusion

From the Paper
"In principle, the specific concern about video game violence is that increased exposure of children to depictions of violence at a time when they are the most impressionable will cause a corresponding increase in violence. As that theory goes, children are so impressionable because they are still learning the difference between what is real and what happens in a make-believe world. Ever since the original 1950s Superman television series, children have been warned by generation of parents never to try to fly out the window of their bedroom just because their super heroes do that on television.
"According to some estimates, children are now exposed to as many as a quarter of a million individual visual depictions of violence in entertainment media. Even though certain restrictions exist in connection with minors' purchasing video games or movies, it is not hard for most early adolescent children from getting around those restrictions. There is no debate either that children who are exposed (even just as passive witnesses) to domestic violence are much more prone to become violent themselves."

Tags:aggression, social isolation, traum, bullying

Abstract
This essay argues that it is a crime against humanity for sports teams in American society to continue their use of Native American identifiers for team names and mascots. The essay maintains that these images desensitize Americans and make them intolerant of Native Americans. The paper also studies this issue with the wider context of the historical role of propaganda against Native Americans.

From the Paper
"Julius Streicher was sentenced to death for the use of propaganda to dehumanize the Jewish people. The propaganda promoted in Streicher's Bavarian tabloid, Der Sturmer, created a lack of feeling toward Jews who were systematically..."

Tags:Florida State University, Native Americans, Chief Osceola, genocide, Jews, Nazis, stereotypes, racism, prejudice, Indians

Abstract
This paper focuses on the effects of violence in television programming on a youth's tendency for juvenile delinquency and violence. The introductory part of the paper thus examines the violent content in television programming, particularly programming geared towards children. This section discusses how violent content is often embedded in even the most innocuous children's programming. The next part of the paper looks at the ways television contributes to delinquent behavior among teens and children. This paper argues that television contributes to such behavior in three main ways. First, children tend to imitate the behavior they see on television. Second, depictions of violence and crime often desensitize young viewers to the dire consequences of these actions. Finally, such depictions often falsely give teens and children a much bleaker picture of the world around them, contributing to a "nothing to lose" worldview that can contribute to criminal behavior.
In the last section, the paper looks at ways in which media and television have contributed positively to the behavior and values of children and teens. Towards this, the various ways in which media can have positive effects are discussed.

From the Paper
"In its evaluation of almost 10,000 hours of broadcast programming from 1995 to 1997, the National Television Violence Study found that 61 percent of television programs portrayed acts of violence. Most of this violence was glamorized, committed by characters that are otherwise presented as positive role models. While many of the violent acts that would cause serious harm or death in real life, the programs neutralize these lethal effects through the lack of painful effects or through humor (Center for Communication and Social Policy 1998). In addition, less that 20 percent of these programs devote airtime to the long-term effects of violence on the victims, their families, their friends or the community in general. Less than five percent of violent programs feature an anti-violence message. In fact, in more than one-third of these programs, the violent offenders go unpunished (Center for Communication and Social Policy 1998)."

Tags:criminal, television, program, children