Abstract
This paper elaborates on the managerial activities and behavioral descriptors that management researchers have identified as being indispensable. The author believes that planning, the process of determining the objectives and designing the strategies to achieve those objectives, is the most fundamental of all managerial functions. The paper concludes that timely availability of data holds the key for effective management, and the present advancements in information technology have made it possible for managers to make well-calculated and well-informed business decisions.

Table of Contents
Introduction
Planning / Coordinating
Organizing
Staffing
Communicating
Motivating
Leading
Controlling
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Today's organizations are faced with enormous challenges, and effective management plays the key role in ensuring the stability and the success of the business. Managers today are facing a lot of problems with the information explosion and the associated restructuring of the business in an increasingly global competition. The rapid advancements in communication technology also have had a serious impact on the mode of business operations. Today, we are witnessing the emergence of new business models, and managers are increasingly disenchanted with the traditional approach of organizational design and management."

Tags:descriptors, research, planning, data, stability

Abstract
This paper uses descriptors of tone, allusion, foreshadowing, and setting to analyze two literary passages; "Catch-22" and "The Ballad of the Sad Cafe". The paper shows how each has a different set of descriptors that make it unique to the other.

From the Paper
"The setting of the "Catch-22" excerpt is a dull, strict military hospital with many patients having different military ranks. The main character has tried to exile himself to this hospital location as an escape from the war he is no longer interested in participating in. We can speculate that the environment is an uninteresting one being that the character we read about is obliged to "play games" with his letter-reading and editing duties. The imaginative nature of the games he plays shows the very boring nature of the surroundings. We are told that the officers are forced to censor the letters of the enlisted men, hence the assertion that it is strict."

Tags:literature, criticism, tone

Abstract
This paper covers four learning theories and the descriptors which are associated with each. The paper discusses behavioral learning theory (operant conditioning), information processing theory, social cognitive theory, and constructivist learning theory. Each section of the paper discusses the theory, identifies strengths and weaknesses, and gives examples of how they are applied. This paper has chosen constructivist theory in a building trades teaching environment and, after a review of the above theories, the paper advances the case that this theory best fits the class and personal teaching style.

Outline:
Introduction
Behavioral Learning Theory
Information Processing Theory
Social Cognitive Theory
Constructivist Learning Theory
Postulate: Constructivist Theory Applies Best to Teaching for the Construction Trades
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The next phase is operant conditioning. In many cases, this takes place in steps. A client may be asked to sit in an airplane (while on the ground) and have a pleasant discussion. This associates "pleasant" and "sitting in an airplane," and teaches the client that his/her fear is ungrounded. Once the anxiety has been averted in this step, the client may then be asked to take a short flight and, during the flight, engage in a pleasant activity (talking, playing cards, etc.). The stimulus of the flight is met by a pleasant response. This 'operant conditioning' therefore demonstrates a new paradigm to the client."

Tags:operant, conditioning, stimulus/response, mechanism, aversion, therapy

Abstract
This paper reviews the terms ethics and values and discusses how values are cognitive constructs that drive behavior and ethics are codified descriptors of what constitutes appropriate behavior. The paper demonstrates the relationships between these two constructs and then provides two examples of how psychologists and professional counselors use these terms as a means to become successful.

Tags:ethics, values, success

Abstract
Ambrose Bierce successfully de-glamorized war by depicting the grueling realities of battle in an era when war was deemed romantic. The paper describes the story and introduces the main character. The paper analyzes the use of nature in the short story and shows how counting and numbers are used to project the detached tone throughout the setting. The paper demonstrates how a transition is made in the story from one of detachment to one of emotion.

Table of Contents:

Title
Introduction
Use of Descriptors in the Setting
Main Character
Nature
Transition: Detachment to Emotion
Resolution
Conclusion

From the Paper
"In his detached style, Bierce relays a story describing the horrors of war after battle. He uses words like "tidying up a bit" to downplay the carnage in the first scene of The Coup De Grace. The narrator's voice is far removed. The attitude is nonchalant, yet the images are gruesomely spectacular. Bodies strewn about are treated with acute indifference."

Tags:war, horror, character

Abstract
This paper reviews and analyzes Zelizer's provocative work on the relationship between intimate transactions, such as marriage and the caretaking of family members, and economic life. According to the paper, his theory outlines three possible approaches to the subject, one of which is the so-called 'nothing but' approach. This theory is describes at length with salient examples.The paper further examines whether the 'nothing but' theory, or NBT, is in fact an adequate descriptor of what goes on in a relationship between a domestic caretaker and a household owner.

From the Paper
"Zelizer's (2005) provocative work on the relationship between intimate transactions (such as marriage and the caretaking of family members) and economic life outlines three possible approaches to the subject, one of which is the so-called `nothing but' approach: "far from constituting an encounter between two contradictory principles, the mingling of economic activity and intimacy...is nothing but another version of normal market activity..." (p. 21) This paper will examine whether the `nothing but' theory, or NBT, is in fact an adequate descriptor of what goes on in a..."

Tags:nothing, but, economics

Abstract
The paper argues that the future of the English language promises to be an eventful one. The paper asserts that for instance, there is every possibility that the language will continue to divide and sub-divide in much the same way as the ancient Indo-European language of which it is a descendant divided and sub-divided over time. Further, the paper posits that one can reasonably expect to see the denotative and, especially, connotative meanings of words change as societal attitudes and perceptual paradigms change. Lastly, the paper proposes that as society evolves and new innovations muscle their way to the fore, new words and expressions will enter the lexicon - helped along by the fact that English has always been very good at borrowing from other languages when striving to find an apt descriptor for a new "thing" or phenomenon. In the end, the paper concludes that the English language will continue to grow more dynamic, larger, and will most likely continue to freely take from other languages.

Tags:future, english, language

Abstract
This paper asserts that there is every reason to believe that the English language will continue to divide and sub-divide in much the same way as the ancient Indo-European language of which it is a descendant divided and sub-divided over time. The paper further asserts that one can reasonably expect to see the denotative and, especially, connotative meanings of words change as societal attitudes and perceptual paradigms change. Lastly, the paper asserts that, as society evolves and new innovations muscle their way to the fore, new words and expressions will enter the lexicon - helped along by the fact that English has always been very good at borrowing from other languages when striving to find an apt descriptor for a new "thing" or phenomenon. The paper concludes that, in the end, the English language will continue to grow more dynamic, larger, and will most likely continue to freely take from other languages.

From the Paper
"For instance, Fred C. Robinson writes that a statement such as King Edward's in Henry VI, "Warwick was a bug that feared us all," would be incomprehensible to today's readers without an appreciation of how the noun, "bug," and the past-tense of the verb "fear", which is to say "feared," have both changed in meaning over the centuries. To be specific, in sixteenth and early seventeenth century England - the England of Shakespeare's time - a bug meant "an object of terror, a bug-bear," and the verb, "feared," meant something quite a bit different than the common modern-day understanding which holds that the subject in the sentence is afraid of someone or something."

Tags:germanic indo-european dialects meanings, metaphorical synonyms

Abstract
This paper is an examination of the elements that combine to define the nations of the Pacific Rim. It examines culture, economy, geography, demographics, and military factors among all of the Pacific Rim nations. It concludes that the term "Pacific Rim" is a cultural, geographic, demographic, and economic descriptor of a region with those commonalities.