Abstract
This is a breakdown of the case and the Supreme Court findings in the case of "Tinker et, al. v. Des Moines Independent Community School District". It involves the protest by a group of students against the Vietnam war by the wearing of black armbands and their suspension from school of doing so. The case examines the constitutionality of the school's action.

From the Paper
""Tinker v. Des Moines" was argued before the Supreme Court of the United States. In December, a group of adults and students held a meeting at the home of Christopher Eckhard, one of the three defendants, to discuss how to publicize their objections to the Vietnam War and it was decided that they would show their support for a truce by wearing black arm bands during the holiday season. Fifteen-year-olds John F. Tinker and..."

Tags:Supreme Court, Tinker v. Des Moines

Abstract
The paper reveals that DES or diethylstilbestrol is one of the reproductive technologies that are actually social experiments on a massive scale (Unit 3 13). The paper explains that DES was not a treatment, but rather an experimental medical intervention which was conducted without adequate information being provided to the women. The paper discusses how DES was intended as an anti-miscarriage drug during pregnancy, was made available without adequate clinic trials, and was falsely marketed as making healthy pregnancies healthier. The paper further relates that two decades later, it was found that DES caused breast cancer in the pregnant women as well as a rare form of vaginal cancer and fertility problems in the next generation.

From the Paper
"DES or diethylstilbestrol is a reproductive technology that can go terribly wrong. DES or diethylstilbestrol is one of the reproductive technologies that are actually social experiments on a massive scale (Unit 3 13). DES was not a treatment but rather an experimental medical intervention which was conducted without adequate information being provided to the women. DES was intended as an anti-miscarriage drug during pregnancy, was made available without adequate clinic trials, and was falsely marketed as making healthy pregnancies healthier (Spallone 56). In fact, two decades..."

Tags:women, medical, model

Abstract
The paper discusses how DES, although not adequately tested, was marketed as preventing miscarriages and producing healthier babies. The paper describes how, for more than three decades, pregnant women and their children were exposed to the drug until the dangers to pregnant women became clear in 1971. The writer proposes that the effects on women resulted from a collusion between doctors, the drug industry, researchers and governments, as well as from the male medical field and cultural assumptions regarding gender. The writer argues that DES was an outstanding example of the medicalization of women's bodies. The paper reports on four mothers and their daughters impacted by DES and the links such as pregnancy, health, and co-exposure.

Tags:illness, feminists, conflict

Abstract
In this article, the writer studies the poem "Musee des Beaux Arts" by W.H.Auden and searches for the true meaning behind the allusions. The writer notes that seemingly Auden's poem reveals that people don't care about the suffering of others and this paper breaks that theme down. Its historical and artistic allusions are researched by the author of the paper (such as "Musee des Beaux Arts", "The Old Masters", and "Icarus"). The writer's close examination of the references and allusions reveal that humans do in fact care about each others suffering.

From the Paper
"This is the name of a fine arts museum in Brussels, Belgium. Auden chose this title for his poem because he visited this museum, viewed Peter Breughel's painting "Fall of Icarus" and based his poem on it. Already is the poem biased because the theme is based on only one painting at one museum out of all of the museums in the world. There are many other museums from which he could have observed other paintings by other artists, who have a different take on the human position of suffering. Because the title is supposed to represent the entire poem, one museum means that there are other museums, which means that there are other artists with other paintings, with other opinions. Therefore, this title tells us that the poem is about the many opinions of other painters."

Tags:Old, Masters, Icarus, human, suffering, miraculous, birth

Abstract
This paper argues that, in writing "Musee des Beaux Arts." Auden, chose to write about the painting because it captures one of his central themes of the suffering and unfeeling attitude in everyday life. By analyzing "Musee des Beaux Arts," we can see how Auden uses imagery, language, and the classical theme of the fall of Icarus not only to communicate his theme, but to discuss Brueghel's painting.

From the Paper
"Auden's use of the Icarus image and of the work of Old Master Brueghel show classical style, but the poetic form of "Musee" is not classical. He uses two unequal stanzas and a varied rhyme pattern that was uncommon in his era. He opens the poem with a reference to the Old Dutch Master painters of the 16th century, of which Bruegel was a member: "About suffering they were never wrong, / The Old Masters: how well they understood / Its human position..." "

Tags:Eliot, Ezra, Pound, Brueghel

Abstract
This paper examines the poem, "Prose pour des Esseintes," written by Stephane Mellarme. The paper suggests that this poem occupies a central place in discussion of Mallarme's works, as through it we can consider and examine his poetics. The paper shows how this poem deals directly with Mallarme's thoughts and questions on the nature of poetic composition and the role of the poet and how it produces various, often contradictory, interpretations.

From the Paper
"In summary, Prose summons up the hyperbolic power of language from the grave of mundane usage of language for its representative function. Language is so powerful in its sound and sense that the poet is stunned into silence, but the poetic voice is found at the end and expressed through the resurrection of the written word. The grimoire becomes a magic spell of resurrection, a 'grammar' of the beauty of the poetic form, and a guide as to how the poem was written as well as how it should be read. Homophony gives rise to significance, not merely sound for its own sake, and to word flowers, the signifiers of beauty found in the new poetic relationship between sound and sense. The flower poem rises musically, creating a visible and audible charme, which supports its Idees and creates a "rythme entre des rapports". All of this is caused by the hyperbolic form of the poem, as words and sounds evoke their own meanings, somewhat independently of the poet. The ideal is no longer out of the poet or reader's reach, and it is within poetry that it can be experienced, and we experience it in Prose pour des Esseintes. For what symbolises the ideal in Mallarme is the ability of poetry to create a meaning or idea out of itself, rather than expressing a given idea through language, and here beauty is evoked through the depersonalisation of poetry and through the mystere of language."

Tags:homophony, representation, interpretation

Abstract
The paper discusses one of the most impressive pieces shown in the Denver Art Museum, Claude Monet's 1904 painting, "Le Bassin des Nympheas". The paper relates that this painting may not be the most famous, but it carries all Monet's trademarks and is just as beautiful as any other painting of his. The paper portrays how, as with other impressionist works, the striking element remains the brushwork and the way in which the mixing of vibrant colors on the canvas creates such shapes and feelings inside the viewer.

From the Paper
"The painting in discussion is more than a century old, having been done in 1904. Proportionately it is a square and, as the title suggests, the painting is a landscape whose main "character" are some water lilies of different colours, floating on the water that reflects the landscape around. The view is concentrated on the water surface, and the surrounding landscape can only be quested by its reflection, thus pointing out to the subject of the painting. The reflection in the water is hazy, so you can't really see what it is that is reflecting, so by contrast the water lilies appear clearly, even though they aren't more clearly painted, the brushwork hasn't been changed."

Tags:Impressionism, canvas, brushwork, colors

Abstract
This third year sociology paper is an article review on the social effects of DES on mothers and daughters. The paper further examines conflict and feminist theory on the subject.

From the Paper
"In the article Woe The Women: DES, Mothers and Daughters Deborah Davidson looks at the impacts of diethylstilberstrol (DES) on mothers and their daughters. DES was an anti-miscarriage drug that was fast tracked on to the market before it was proven safe. The result was a number of cases of premature labour, infertility, Adenocarcinoma (CCA) and a range of other health problems (Davidson 161). Although a medical examination of DES would be quite interesting Davidson decides to look at the social effects on mothers and daughters who were exposed to DES."

Tags:health, society, models

Abstract
An analysis of Zola's novel "Au Bonheur des Dames" by studying the characters. The backdrop of the novel is the theme of how capitalism is stronger than the bourgeois life. The characters are played out along this theme by living their simple life and we are shown how the economic forces steer them.

From the Paper
"Au Bonheur des Dames (1883), or The Ladies Paradise, is one of the later novels in Zola s Rougon-Macquart cycle. It is a satirical, cynical novel in its narrative tone, yet is also quite optimistic. Its main theme is how modern capitalism, modern forms of consumer behavior, and modern morality triumph over the old ways of bourgeois life. These historical and social struggles both provide a background for and illuminate the romantic escapades of the owner and capitalist hero of the book, Octave Mouret and the heroine, the naive Denise Baudu. Denise is a worker in his store The Ladies Paradise. Denise provides the moral force of change in the novel; Octave Mouret exemplifies the force of social change in commerce. "

Tags:The Ladies&#8217, Paradise social superior feminine temperament capitalist

Abstract
This paper looks at both the structure and thematic content of Auden's poem and matches it against the sonnet template. The author then makes the case that Auden's poem, ostensibly a free verse piece, meets much of the criteria of a traditional sonnet.

From the Paper
"If one were to sample from the world of the sonnet, one would encounter rhyme and recognizable structure. While the structure might vary-from the English form, with its three quatrains and closing couplet, to the Italian sonnet, with its rima biaciata-ordered octave and concluding sestet,-the reader would experience iambic pentameter organized into fourteen lines, each line's closing contributing to the poem's definable rhyming sequence. Even the heroic sonnet with its rebellious extra quatrain would still conform to this strict poetic structure, including the "turn" explained by Paul Fussell as "a logical or emotional shift by which the speaker enables himself to take a new or altered or enlarged view of his subject" (116). W.H. Auden's "Musee des Beaux Arts," with its thirteen-line first stanza and eight-line second, does not fulfil either the sonnet's line requirements or its rhyme constraints; both its end rhymes and meter, while present, are chaotic in nature (Auden, 2505) ."

Tags:ekphrasia, ekphrasic, meter, petrachan, quatrain, sestet