Abstract
This paper discusses the semantics of female suppression and derogation in various cultural proverbs. The paper explains that a proverb is figurative communication with instructive functions that support the male attempt at maintaining control over dialogue in society. The paper examines the portrayal of womanhood in cultural proverbs, finding to to be commonly negative: Women are typically portrayed as being unreasonable, cynical, indulgent and feeble. The paper explores oral literature, especially in male dominated cultures, identifying the role of male oriented language in various proverbs which indicate prejudice and antagonism toward women in social communication.

From the Paper
"Proverbs and sayings in many languages express the view that women are always talking. Furthermore, stereotypes which infer that woman talk more politely and that women use more questions have been commonly believed by the public. Two Japanese proverbs proclaim 'Where there are women and geese, there's noise' and 'when three women get together, it's noisy.' Obviously, these two proverbs suggest to us that women talk too much. Depending upon the context of the conversation, women's over excessive participation in dialogue may assume to be nonsense. Present day Japanese language has evolved very differently from European languages. One relatively unique aspect of Japanese is the diversity of its gender constructs and their usage."

Tags:communication, men, women

Abstract
The paper reviews the history of the Council of Europe and The Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, commonly known as the ECHR (European Convention on Human Rights). The paper analyzes the history of human rights in the UK beginning with the Magna Carta of the 13th century, and continuing into the 20th century, when legislation was developed to coordinate British law with the original ECHR of 1949 and its subsequent charters and protocols expanding European protections of civil rights. The paper reviews various sections of the ECHR and compares them to English Common Law and provisions of the UK's Human Rights Act of 1998. The paper discusses the difference between non-derogable rights and derogated rights, citing several relevant sections of the ECHR. It also examines several points of the ECHR and considers their acceptability under UK law. In conclusion, the paper finds that the ECHR laws are quite complex and that new British legislation only furthers the dissonance with their applicability to the UK.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Analysis
Conclusion
Bibliography

From the Paper
"The Council for Europe had been originally established at the end of the Second World War and had an objective of the protection of Europe against totalitarianism and atrocities that were witnessed during the war. This council had the convention as a treaty within the actions it took. (European Convention on Human Rights) The United Kingdom was one of the founder members of this convention and also involved in the design of the law. It was also one of the first countries to approve the treaty. It has also appeals to be made to the European Commission for Human Rights since 1966. The influence of the Convention has been growing in the UK during the past ten years as the European Court of Human Rights are now taking quicker action about the appeals that are being made to it. (The European Convention on Human Rights)"

Tags:civil, derogation, derogability, democracy

Abstract
In this article, the writer looks at the threat the new national security regime poses to Canadians. In particular, the writer reviews the Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness Agency of Canada (PSEPC) and looks also at the Canadian Border Services Agency (CBSA) with an "eye" towards assessing the ways in which these organizations can be said to be infringing upon the privacy of Canadians and whether this infringement is justifiable. In addition, the writer looks at the Canadian Constitution and how the new security regime has the potential to derogate section 7 and 8 privacy guarantees unless Canadian judges are vigilant in ensuring that the reasons for any surveillance are compelling and satisfy the "reasonable limitations" standard established in section 1 of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms. In the end, the writer agrees with Michael Powers that the new security regime bears with it certain undeniable risks to privacy protections.

From the Paper
"National security has rarely been more controversial or important than it has been over the last few years in the wake of 9/11 and the grim realization that terrorism can now strike North America just as it can strike anywhere else. With that in mind, the following paper ..."

Tags:national, security, Canada

Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that both the critical and non-critical debate about the effect of television upon its viewers seems to have begun somewhere probably in the first week or so of the sets being introduced to the public. The consequence of the appearance of television itself was immediate and profound both sociologically and psychologically, as well as economically for some industries. The writer points out that the influence of this medium on our culture as a whole is enormous, for both good and bad results. TV violence has become an extreme issue for the conservative to derogate and for the liberals to defend. The writer discusses what is the reality of the effect of TV violence on us today and especially the more impressionable children that view it. In particular, the paper discusses the current state of the debate and attempts to separate fact from fiction, both on screen and off.

From the Paper
"This same study also inferred that if children, with the help of their parents, take more control over their leisure activities that they may be able to take more control of themselves and their behaviors overall. There is another benefit in that when parents show they are concerned and take an active role in their child's wellbeing, this has the effect of children who see adults caring about them and not just using TV as the built in babysitter. Jones feels that cutting overall consumption is really the key and violence is only a small sub issue over which very little evidence is clear on direct connections. And what is clear is often not very convincing."

Tags:screen, killings, leisure, aggressive, behavior

Abstract
This paper is a review of the book "Satire or Evasion" Black Perspectives on Huckleberry Finn" which questions whether Mark Twain's "Huckleberry Finn" should be taught in school. It looks at what the various authors have to say about racial stereotypes and derogative language used in the novel. The paper critiques the ideas of each writer and offers personal opinions about the content and theories of each essay.

From the Paper
"The book is a composite of critical essays on Twain's Huckleberry Finn, written by black scholars. The focus is the issue of racial stereotypes. The introduction, written by the editors, states that "Negroes were people to Mark Twain, people who had been wronged by his forbears and were unjustly treated by his contemporaries" (3). It also points out that he tried to compensate for this in various ways, including paying the college tuition of at least one black student. Despite these facts, the introduction asserts that Twain uses "eye dialect" for the speech of the black characters of the book, but not for the white, and that this technique exaggerates their ignorance. The authors also address the use of the word "nigger" and its possible negative effects on young readers."

Tags:huck, black, stereotype, jim, nigger, white, black, racist, prejudice, slave

Abstract
This paper analyzes the article, "Prejudice as Self-Image Maintenance: Affirming the Self Through Derogating Others," Fein and Spencer (1997) which illustrates how self-image maintenance processes facilitate prejudice and stereotyping and internalizes them in people. The writer shows that the most important message from this article is that we should be aware of the existence of these unconscious processes because it will be impossible to modify prejudiced behaviors unless we are aware of the processes.

From the Paper
"Hate crimes are among the most serious problems in the United States. Hate crimes against victims' racial or ethnic origin, religious preference, and sexual orientation are most notorious, but the fact is that hate crimes target anybody based on any factor. Stereotyping and prejudice are the main causes of hate crimes and are deep-rooted and hard to modify. It appears that stereotyping and prejudice are not merely a product of accumulated historical issues but also a product of a psychological mechanism, which reinforces stereotyping and prejudice. In this article, "Prejudice as Self-Image Maintenance: Affirming the Self Through Derogating Others," Fein and Spencer (1997) discuss how self-image maintenance processes underlie stereotyping and prejudice."

Tags:concept, confirmation, crimes, discrimination, hate, image, racial, self, stereotype, stereotyping