Abstract
This paper delves into the heart of the Ebonics debate through reference to Baugh's essay, "A Contentious Global Debut." It focuses on the national and global contention surrounding Ebonics by citing the historical, political and technological influences involved in the development of Standard American English. It looks at how black supporters of Ebonics generally feel that acknowledging Ebonics as a legitimate language or dialect will improve the learning productivity rate of African American students. It also examines how detractors of Ebonics do not feel that Ebonics is a legitimate language or dialect and have consistently attempted to thwart all efforts of legitimizing the language due to its supposed lack of "educational benefits".

From the Paper
"Prior to the 1996 Oakland, California school board controversy, few people had ever heard the term Ebonics. Of those who were familiar with the term, very few knew the actual origin and definition of the word. "Many of the black supporters of Ebonics were aware of the term long before the Oakland school board introduced it into the global lexicon." In Baugh's "A Contentious Global Debut," he discusses the "interpretive diversity" surrounding the educational, political, and economic views on Ebonics when it first became a subject of national concern."

Tags:african, american, dialect, education, english

Abstract
First, the paper examines Sandro Botticelli's "Madonna and Child with an Angel", done in the classic Early Renaissance style, which is a deceptively simplistic tempera painting on a small wooden panel. It is not known, the author concludes, if Botticelli was emphasizing this maternal relationship or if the redemptive values of the Child and the Scriptures is the meaning of the painting. The second painting the paper presents, is Phillippe de Champaigne's "The Christ of Derision", a French Baroque oil on canvas showing Christ wearing his crown of thorns thus demonstrating the human suspicion and cruelty that led to Christ's suffering.

From the Paper
"The painting's border is circular, giving an unusually restricted frame to the image, which is almost completely taken up by the dark-blue clad figure of the Madonna. Her left hand, placed in the foreground on the Child's chest, is at the direct center of the painting, which is almost certainly no accident. This suggests that the underlying message of the work is not something that is limited to religion, but rather extends to each and every human life--the bond between a mother and child. Everything else in the painting radiates out from this central image; even the Child's arms reaching out about the Madonna's neck."

Tags:circular, central image, iconography flemish foreknowledge

Abstract
This paper focuses on the French and Russian Revolutions. The paper explains that the Second Law of Thermodynamics states that energy systems increase their entropy, and the same may be said for revolutions. Throughout history, successful revolutions have not easily retained the social model agreed upon by revolutionary leaders. They are subject to derision. The new governments are fragile and can result in worse atrocities than the original revolution was intended to curtail. Essentially, new revolutionary governments are fragile systems, constantly at risk of melting down.

From the Paper
"The Second Law of Thermodynamics states that energy systems increase their entropy, and the same may be said for revolutions. Throughout history, successful revolutions have not easily retained the social model agreed upon by revolutionary leaders. They are subject to derision. The new governments are fragile and can result in worse atrocities than the original revolution was intended to curtail. Essentially, new revolutionary governments are fragile systems, constantly at risk of melting down."

Tags:history, social, model, thermodynamics

Abstract
The paper examines how, basing their arguments on personal testimony, Harriet Jacobs in "Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl" and Frederick Douglass in "Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass" both argue against the institution of slavery. The paper discusses how both authors use logic and touch upon the issues of gender, the state support of slavery, morality and a derision of religion. The paper posits that because these narratives share similar rhetorical foundations, neither is more effective than the other.

From the Paper
"Basing their arguments on personal testimony, Harriet Jacobs and Frederick Douglass both argue against the institution of slavery. Both Jacobs' "Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl" and Douglass' "Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass" contain graphic imagery. On a purely emotional level, the two slave narratives offer poignant proof that slavery is an unjustifiable social institution. However, Jacobs and Douglass also rely on logic in their respective arguments. Their rhetoric is clear, pointing out flaws in the apologists' arguments."

Tags:gender, morality, religion, rhetoric, imagery

Abstract
This paper explains why the approach taken to recording and reporting history differs between the genders and points out that a woman's viewpoint of history is very different from that of a man's. The paper also explains that men have traditionally had mixed views about the feminine take on history, alternating between welcome and derision and that this different take exists only because men and women really do have different viewpoints regarding historical events and how they should be recorded.

From the Paper
"It should make no difference whether men or women write history. But it does. (It might equally be said that it should make no difference whether white or black Americans write African American history, but it does, also.) Perhaps a more interesting question is not whether it makes any difference but why the difference it makes is a fact. Des Jardin more or less asserted it as fact when she wrote about the WPA programs in the 1930s when women preserved "irrelevancies" such as diaries of Mormon settler women and African American folk tales in Florida collected by famous author Zora Neal Thurston, who wrote the very "tribal" African American novel Their Eyes Were Watching God; that work finally made it to TV movie status in 2005, despite being a seminal work concerning the early days of African American freedom in South Florida. Indeed, the fact that it took several generations to get that very fact- and drama-filled story from book to screen also says something about the differences that result when women have written the history instead of men. While it can be argued that Thurston's work is as rich with meaning and history as Richard Wright's, for example, hers is rarely studied, his often. Both are African American; one is female."

Tags:different, races, african, american, european, men, collected, stories, mundane, experiences

Abstract
This paper explains that the official websites of these two major Taiwanese political parties display different approaches to the independence issue, as well as to Taiwanese history and culture; the tone of writing, content, and design layout of these websites also distinguishes the attitudes of these opposing political parties. The author points out that the Kuomintang enjoys the honor of being the most well-established and historically popular political party on the island of Taiwan. The paper states that the DPP website is extremely derisive toward the Kuomintang, accusing the latter of being "authoritarian"; therefore, in addition to creating a sense of being an "underdog", the DPP seeks to establish itself as the main opposing force to the well-established Kuomintang.

From the Paper
"The Kuomintang website emphasizes the party's inception as a "revolutionary" party in the early twentieth century and traces the evolution of party politics since 1912. By tracing the development of Taiwanese political history vis--vis the role of the Kuomintang, the website effectively merges the interests of Taiwan with the interests of the party. The Kuomintang depicts the history of the nation as a struggle for democracy in the face of immense opposition not only from mainland China but also from invading forces. The website makes no mention of the support of the international community or its role in the future of Taiwan's identity as a nation."

Tags:english, color, independence, underdog, well-established

Abstract
The paper analyzes the background of the artist Edouard Manet and discusses his life and specifically two of his artworks, "Boy with Cherries," a disturbing portrait of a young boy charged with cleaning the palettes and brushes in his studio and "Music in the Tuileries" (also known as "Concert at the Tuileries").

From the Paper
"This is one of Manet's first well-known works. He painted it in 1860 into 1861, and it illustrates a group of concertgoers listening to an outdoor concert in the Tuileries Gardens in Paris. Manet loved to paint people enjoying their leisure time, and this painting epitomizes that time. This oil on canvas painting seemed to be unfinished to many people who viewed it in 1861, and it help start the public derision of Manet's works that lasted for some time."

Tags:public, derision, locomotor, ataxy, contemporary, scene, Parisian, society