This essay is a thesis paper on democratic governance and public service motivation divided into the three subdivisions of breadth, depth and application.
Abstract This paper is a thesis essay on public service motivation and is divided into three components. The breadth component provides a theoretic analysis of both public service and volunteer motivation as well as explores the historical correlation between public service motivation and volunteer motivation. The findings of major theorists specializing in public service motivation theory are presented as well as their empirical research, which analyze and synthesize the implication of motivation in light of public service and volunteerism. These findings are related to the study of the public health operations of the Virgin Islands Department of Health (VIDOH) in order to propose a model that will increase volunteers and motivation levels. Public service motivation theories are examined as appropriate for possible integration into the outreach efforts of the VIDOH. This is significant as a result of the federal's government's ten year health plan for the VIDOH that relies substantially on societal outreach services. The Depth component contains an annotated bibliography, which evaluates current literature on public service motivation and volunteer motivation theories with a discussion on motivating employees in the work environment. This section analyzes literature on motivation in general and discusses the role of the manager/leader; identifies problems pertaining to low morale and motivation; answers to the question, "Why should employees be motivated?" and explores keys to employee motivation. Employee motivation is crucial to the activities of the VIDOH due to the public service nature of its operations. The federal government has promoted a ten year health plan that will operate on and depend on societal outreach. As a result, the future success of health care services depends on community-based interaction founded on strong public policy initiatives. The application component assesses the public health community outreach operations of the Virgin Islands Department of Health (VIDOH); discusses the level and history of volunteerism within the VIDOH, and proposes a model that will increase the level of volunteerism based on the key characteristics identified by both public service and volunteer motivation theorists. Recommendations are made on what key characteristics drive individuals to volunteer and how this can affect recruiting as well as outreach efforts of the organization.
Outline:
Public Service Motivation
Socio-Historical Overview
Construction of the Public Service Motivation Theory
Implications of Public Service Motivation
Volunteer Service Motivation
Historical Overview
Functional Approach to Volunteerism
Role Identity Theory and Volunteerism
References
Depth Component
Annotated bibliography of current articles to accompany the Depth Section of KAM Democratic Governance
Reference
Depth Discussion
The Role of the Manager
Problems Pertaining to Low Morale & Motivation
Keys to Employee Motivation
Case Studies
Reference
Application Component
Tying it all Together: Public Service Motivation & Volunteer Motivation in the Workplace
Reference
From the Paper "Consistent with prior research, which concludes that the strength of a person's role identity correlates with the voluntary donations of time, money, and even blood. Penner (2002) suggests that a combination of the functional and role identity approaches might explain the processes that underlie long-term volunteering. Farrell, Johnston & Twynam (1998) in studying special event volunteers found that volunteer motivation falls in four categories: purposive, solitary, external traditions and commitments. The results of their research suggested that the motivation for special events volunteers was much different than more traditional types of volunteering.
"Finklestein & Penner (2004) examined role identity theory as it applies to volunteering in accordance with the work of prior researchers. In a different approach to volunteerism, these researchers proposed that because volunteering occurs within a social structure, it is best understood in the context of identity theory. According to this perspective, one's self-concept consists of a hierarchy of social-role identities that guide behavior. (Finklestein & Penner, 2004). The more others identify one with a particular role, the more the individual internalizes the role and incorporates it into the self-concept. Additionally, according to Finklestein & Penner (2004), carrying out the role of a volunteer not only shapes how an individual views himself or herself, but it also drives future behavior as the individual strives to make his or her behavior consistent with the volunteer-role identity. The research in this area concludes that in regard to role identity theory, the concept of "self" has a direct causal effect on future activity."
Tags: public service motivation, volunteerism theory research implications integration
Abstract This investigation presents an in-depth study of marketing, its techniques and different applications depending on the climate in which the marketing takes places. The paper defines the elements of distinctions between traditional and e-marketing. It looks at how different companies - both financial and retail - currently use integrated marketing concepts in their relationship marketing strategy as a way to encourage customer service and therefore strengthen customer relations. The paper offers an in-depth look at the marketing tactics utilized by Countrywide Financial Corporation and its international offshoot of Global Home Loans, located in the United Kingdom. This includes some background history on the organizations and their relationship. This paper also defines important terms to allow better understanding of how marketing, cost and customer loyalty form a direct and vital relationship with each other, regardless of method, agent or presence they are applied to. The paper focuses on different attributes of how these concepts work together to make business practices possible. This includes an exploration of the techniques used to market a product. It also focuses on how market segmentation and demographics play an important role in defining the market place but also allow an organization to target the best possible "match" consumer for its product or service. The paper looks at how a proactive marketing analysis allows an organization knowledge of the consumer in order to build a lasting relationship. It also explores the implications of such marketing techniques and how different degrees of brand presence within the market can create different concerns regarding risk and too much exposure. This also includes any threat to protection of intellectual property as well as the organization's image and customer relations.
Paper Outline:
Introduction
Purpose of the Study
Company Profile
Literature Review: The Role of Switching Costs
Traditional Marketing Strategy-Brick and Mortar
Knowing the Market and Demographics
Globalization
Customer Loyalty
E-Marketing and E-Commerce
Implications and Concerns Regarding E-Marketing
Conclusion
References
From the Paper "The best way to utilize marketing to an organization's best benefit is to simply know the market in which business is done. It is imperative a company knows its target and be flexible to new targets. An organization can remain at the forefront by having a cutting edge attitude toward change within the target audience. Gordon writes, "The mood of the marketplace profoundly affects a campaign's success. It is important to respond correctly" (2003, p. 1). Also to remain competitive, an active pace is needed. Instead of allowing the market to define the marketing strategy, the organization should strive to define the marketplace. This can be done through incorporating innovative ideas across the board."
Abstract This paper assesses drivers' depth-perception in vehicle-following circumstances and the connection with the reaction time for applying brakes and their ability to assess the actual distance of their vehicle from the leading vehicle. The paper describes an experiment wherein 50 participants are chosen, 25 male and 25 female. The paper explains that the experiment takes place in foggy weather on a 15 km section of a two-lane highway. The paper contends that it is expected that the drivers will maintain the minimum distance in relation to their speed and the speed of the leading vehicle. Additionally, the drivers are expected to maintain a minimum safe distance so that they can apply brakes in a timely manner. The paper identifies the necessary patterns and methods that can offer substantial information on the subject of depth perception.
Outline
Abstract
Introduction
Research Study 1
Research Study 2
Research Study 3
The Subject under Investigation
Significance of the Study
The Tasks and Variables Used
Expected Results
Methods Section
Materials
Procedure
Conclusion
From the Paper "Depth Perception can be defined as "the visual ability to perceive the world in three dimensions. It is a trait common to many higher animals. Depth perception allows the beholder to accurately gauge the distance to an object (The American Heritage Dictionary, 2004)." The study of "Depth perception" has taken a major position in the research studies because majority of the road accidents occur due to inaccurate judgments about the distance of the vehicle in front. Majority of the research studies have utilized the following instruments to evaluate "depth perceptions:" Binocular vision, Motion parallax, Color vision, Perspective, Relative size, Distance fog, Occlusion, Depth from Focus (Cavallo V, Colomb M, Dore J, 2001; Johan W.A.M and Jan Theeuwes Alferdinck 1995 and Van Winsum and Heino 1996)."
Abstract The paper looks at the points in the globe that are most surrounded by water and land. The paper compares the land and water areas in the northern and southern hemisphere and discusses flying and sailing between the two most distant points. The paper discusses convergent plate boundaries and the correlation between ocean depths and plate tectonic processes. The paper examines major ocean surface current patterns, swells, breaking surf, tsunamis and tides. The paper also looks at depositional coasts versus erosional coasts.
Outline:
Identifying the Current Location
The Point Most Surrounded by Water
The Point Most Surrounded by Land
Comparison Between the Land and Water Areas in the Northern and Southern Hemisphere
Flying Between the Two Most Distant Points
Sailing Between the Two Most Distant Points
Convergent Plate Boundaries
The Correlation Between Ocean Depths and Plate Tectonic Processes
Major Ocean Surface Current Patterns
Swells, Breaking surf, Tsunami
How do Tides in a Bay Depend on its Location in the Ocean?
Depositional Coasts versus Erosional Coasts
Marine Organisms in Pelagic and Benthic zones
From the Paper "New York belongs to the state bearing the same name and is situated on the north-eastern coast of the U.S.A, at the point where the Hudson River flows into the Atlantic Ocean. The city's geographical coordinates are latitude 40047'N and longitude 73058' W. The city is renown for its cultural aura, but also for its financial, business, and trading organizations which play a major role to the national and world economy (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City)."
Abstract This paper is an in-depth analysis of online company "E*Trade", covering topics such as: recent strategic acquisitions / alliances, average customer characteristics, 1998 market share for retail brokerage accounts, market share of online equity trades, cost structure of brokers, comparison of products and services offered by the leading online brokerages, SWOT Analysis Matrix.
From the Paper "Founded as a service bureau in 1982 by Bill Porter, a physicist and E*Trade provided online quote and trading services to Fidelity, Charles Schwab, and Quick and Reilly. This led Bill Porter to wonder why individual investors had to pay a broker hundreds of dollars for stock transactions. With incredible foresight, he saw the solution at hand. He envisioned that someday everyone would own computers and invest through them with unprecedented efficiency and control. It would take years for the investment world to catch up with Bill's vision. In 1992, E*Trade Securities, Inc., one of the original all-electronic brokerages, was born and began offering online investing services through America Online and CompuServe. With the launch of the Palo Alto, California based www.etrade.com company in 1996, demand for E*Trade services exploded."
Abstract This paper takes an in-depth look at the composition, uses and effects of St. John's Wort. The author explains the benefits of using St. John's Wort in clinical effectiveness such as treatment of depression, relaxant effects, antiviral and antibacterial actions, and treatment of burns and minor skin wounds.
From the Paper "St. John's wort, or Hypericum perforatum, is an aromatic perennial native to Europe, parts of Asia and Africa, and the Western United States. It produces yellow flowers which bloom especially bright on June 24, the traditional birthday of St. John the Baptist, hence the name "St. John's wort". St. John's wort is also known as "goat weed" or "klamath weed". The leaves and flowering tops of the plant yield about 0.1% hypericin, pseudohypericin, and related naphthodianthrones. Flavonoids such as amentoflavone, luteolin, kaempferol, and quercetin and the glycosides hyperoside and rutinoside have also been identified in Hypericum perforatum. "
Abstract Massachusetts and Virginia were both strongly affected by strong religious customs in the mid seventeenth century. The author provides an in depth look at the impact of religious development on the cultures and society of the people of Massachusetts and Virginia.
From the Paper "In the mid seventeenth century, when the English migrated to the New World, there were strong religious beliefs and customs which they brought and soon developed. These religious ways had an enormous impact on the people from both colonies of Massachusetts and Virginia.As these colonies evolved independently of each other, their secular values especially those of religion began to take different directions. So let us now analyze how these two regions progressed separately in terms of religion and how this shaped the character of these two cultures. "
Abstract An in depth look at the writings of poet Stanley Kunitz with focus on his poem "Night Letter". The author analyzes this poem about the tragedies of WWII and compares it to a creative piece written by the author, "Desolate Whispers" about the tragedies that occurred on September 11th.
From the Paper "Stanley Kunitz's "Night Letter" inspired me for many reasons. Towards the beginning of class, soon after the terrorist attacks, we dedicated a portion of class to poetry and tragedy. After a tragedy like the one that took place on September 11, many people turned to poetry as a way of morning or even understanding. We read an excerpt of the "Night Letter" by Stanley Kunitz and the first line of the excerpt read, ?Violence shakes my dreams; I am so cold.? This one line was etched in my mind for days. I really did not understand a whole lot of the poem, but this one line kept drawing me back."
Abstract This paper is an in-depth look at computer viruses. Topics covered by the author include: What is a virus? Different kinds of viruses, and how viruses can be prevented.
From the Paper "First, what is a virus? A virus, according to Dr. Solomon's On-Line Guide to Computer Viruses, "is a program that repeats itself". When something repeats itself, it grows. That is the problem, but looking at a virus, one will realize that it is no more than a weed in a garden, a mere nuisance. It can be easily removed. Except it is classified as being a weed in an electrically rooted garden. In a real garden, many people consider a dandelion to be a weed. The gardeners believe that the dandelion can destroy all the other plants in the garden, therefore being a destructive dandelion. The same is true with a computer virus if it isn't caught and "pulled."
Abstract An in-depth discussion of the meaning of freedom in American society. The author argues that freedom can only be obtained and can only have meaning on an individual level. He then supports this by examining the extent of which we are actually 'free' in American society arguing that complete freedom is still not evident.
From the Paper "Freedom is a nonentity, an abstract illusion that represents human wanting and desire for an ideal society. It is not on paper or in a word, freedom exits only in dreams or on the wings of a bird. American identity, as in the works of Douglass and Chopin, was founded on a belief in freedom but is better described by its slavery and repression. Freedom has always belonged to select groups and peoples. Every group and people to come to America, since it became America, has suffered great injustices and repression regardless of their background. America made a great industry of black slavery and black exploitation, women are still struggling to break the bounds of their slavery days and there are always new groups that are targeted every day."
Abstract This paper closely examines former First Ladies Eleanor Roosevelt and Barbara Bush. The similar backgrounds and passions of these two women are revealed through this in-depth comparison.
From the Paper "Eleanor Roosevelt and Barbara Bush were two extraordinary former first ladies who helped to shape today's American society. Both of these women played active roles while they were First Ladies of the United States. Although these two women lived in different time periods and concentrated their abilities in different areas, both were influential in their own unique ways. A liberal Democrat, Eleanor Roosevelt was very active during her years in the political spotlight. While in the White House, Eleanor Roosevelt had many issues that were important to her, including concern for young people, the poor, the unemployed, and racial equality. She was also involved in the women's movement. After her years in the White House, Eleanor Roosevelt dedicated her time to humanitarian causes. A Republican, Barbara Bush was also active during her years in the political spotlight. Barbara Bush devoted her time to issues such as literacy and volunteerism. Before and during their times in the White House, these two women had many similarities as well as many differences, both lifestyle-wise and political-wise. Both were profoundly unique women who used their talents to take them far."
Abstract This paper describes in depth test results and discoveries on black holes and whether or not they do exist. Special emphasis is placed on a discussion of Cygnus X-1.
From the Paper "The only ways that we can detect black holes are to see the bending of light, or to examine the waves that they put off. The first thing discovered was a X-ray source in the constellation of Cygnus. This was then called Cygnus X-1 for its first X-ray source. No one knew for sure where this was coming from because X-ray telescopes cannot give that precise of a location. Later, in the spring of 1972 a new unexplained radio source was found in the same general area as Cygnus X-1. They identified this as an optical star known only by its classification number HDE226868. While we were finding this, the X-ray source for Cygnus X-1 showed up once again. They examined the data between these two objects, and made the conclusion that they were related. Most likely as a binary pair, with the star, and the unknown object, Cygnus X-1, orbiting around each other (DeGennaro). A binary pair is a pair of stars that orbit around each other, in this case one is a black hole, and the star orbits around it. As it orbits the immense gravity from the black hole strips gas from the normal star. As it falls it is moving at such a speed that the friction causes it to heat up to several million degrees, and this heat then causes the x-rays (McClintock)."
Abstract In depth analysis of Proposition 34, which attempts to limit and disclose on campaign spending and contributions including. The author discusses how it was brought into the election, how long and why people have been fighting for it, as well as the pros and cons of the California proposition. Includes excellent examples with supportive quotes.
From the Paper "This year's election includes the controversial issue of Proposition 34, limits and disclosures on campaign spending and contributions. Currently, there is no limit on campaign contributions and spending in California. Proposition 208, initiating strict limits on campaign contributions and spending, was passed by voters in 1996, but was not put into effect because legal issues tied it up in court (the proposition was challenged on the grounds that its limits were unreasonably low compared to the cost of running for office in California). Proposition 34 attempts to accomplish what Proposition 208 of 1996 could not. As did Proposition 208, it intends to limit campaign contributions and loans to state candidates and political parties, but to higher levels than what Proposition 208 designated. It also attempts to provide voluntary spending limits, expand public disclosure requirements and increase penalties."
Tags: government, vote, law, campaign, contibution, spending, republican, democrat, party
A brief history of the discovery and early treatment of this disease followed by an in depth analysis at the molecular level, ending with a summary of treatments and the future of research.
1,345 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 5 sources, 2001, $ 45.95
Abstract This paper details the various issues and describes the research surrounding Duchenne's Muscular Dystrophy (DMD), a disease that affects children, primarily males and is characterized by the degeneration of muscular tissue. The essay discusses symptoms, causes, molecular and cellular defects, how symptoms are derived from cellular defects and possible treatments. The sections covering the molecular aspects of this disease are in depth and scientifically explicit.
From the Paper "Muscular Dystrophy is a debilitating disorder that is characterized by degeneration of muscle tissue. One of the most common forms of this disorder and one that is particularly severe is Duchenne's Muscular Dystrophy (DMD). This disease affects a far greater number of males, approximately 1 out of every 3 500 born, than females (Cooper 1997). The cellular defects associated with DMD are well understood; however, there is still some speculation over the actions that take place at the molecular level. The treatment available for DMD patients is very limited. However, there has been promising research done with stem cells, antibiotics and gene therapies that offer new hope for sufferers of DMD. Many of these studies have been done on mdx mice, an animal model for DMD that possesses the same genetic defect as humans who suffer with the disease (Agrawal et al. 1999). These studies offer a new ray of hope, not only for those suffering with DMD, but also for people who suffer from various types of muscular degenerative diseases."
Abstract In this paper the author examines James Baldwin?s, "The Fire Next Time", which looks at the explosion or revolution that will result if freedom for African Americans is not achieved. The author identifies and examines, in depth, various thematic threads throughout the novel and also makes reference to the story of Hamlet when comparing the African-American search for their identity in America.
From the paper:
?Baldwin's talent for running words excitingly across a page, crying thoughts to heights of perception, rarely falters. When he discusses the African American's need to fight back against white oppression, he recognizes that the African American although sometimes deluded by promises is actually less deluded than whites that believe that they are giving freedom to blacks.?
Tags: James, Baldwin, The, Fire, Next, Time, African, Americans, Whites
