Abstract
The paper discusses how depression is an extremely complex disease that occurs for a variety of reasons. The paper relates that Major Depressive Disorder, and mental illnesses involving depression such as bipolar disorder (manic depressive disorder) and schizophrenia, can occur for what seems like no reason. The paper reveals that depression is a neurochemical imbalance in the brain; the question is, to what degree the neurochemical imbalance is the result of genetic or external influences. The paper explains that based on the research findings, while some individuals with severe mental illness may have depression for what seems like no reason, most depression is the interaction of environmental factors and genetic influences, when external factors trigger the neurochemical imbalance.

From the Paper
"Depression is an extremely complex disease. It occurs for a variety of reasons. Major Depressive Disorder, and mental illnesses involving depression such as bipolar disorder (manic depressive disorder) and schizophrenia, can occur for what seems like no reason. Depression is a neurochemical imbalance in the brain. The question is, to what degree the neurochemical imbalance is the result of genetic or external influences. Based on the research findings, some individuals have a propensity to develop depression based on their genetic make-up; maybe some individuals..."

Tags:depression, neurochemical, triggers

Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses depression as a long-lived disease that spans many years. The writer maintains that those who have depression in childhood or adolescence are more prone to depression in adulthood. Further, the writer points out that those with co-morbid conditions also tend to be more prone to suicide. The writer discusses that the treatment of depression may be aided by using the Internet. Although some success with using antidepressant drugs has been noted, the risk associated with using this kind of drug is high. The writer concludes that further longitudinal study of childhood and adolescent depression would be beneficial in determining if Internet diagnoses and treatments would be efficacious.

From the Paper
"Depression is a chronic disease affecting millions of people every year. Prior to researching this disease I believed that it was only an acute one. Although people might feel depressed for a long time after, for example, the death of a loved one, I believed that all depression had a beginning and an end. However, it appears that some people may indeed have episodic depression, it also appears that for some people, depression is a life-long process. It appears that there is ample evidence that people who have a diagnosis ..."

Tags:depression, adolescent, internet

Abstract
The questions about what causes depression are not so important as complicating the theories about depression. This necessary complication of theory is essential for understanding the depressed person as a complex person, and for generating kinds of intervention therapies that can ease the symptoms of depression. Because there is no specific cure, as yet, for depression, it is crucial that people in the health care professions have greater theoretical resources for understanding the relations between the environment and the person. Nurses in particular need to participate more with the work of theorizing, because they mediate the relations between the client, or patient, and the larger medical institution that effects their care.

Tags:theories, of, depression

Abstract
This paper describes and reviews new information about depression presented in an article by David Dobbs entitled "A Depression Switch". According to the paper, although the mental health model of depression has shifted from therapy to biology, this article suggests that the mental health field may even have farther to go in terms of adopting new treatments. One of these new treatments is a psychiatric surgery called deep brain stimulation (D.B.S.) therapy. The paper concludes by encouraging all mental health professionals to become aware of the new findings and treatments for depression.

From the Paper
"Depression is hardly a new topic of scrutiny for the popular media. However, an April 2, 2005 article by David Dobbs called "A Depression Switch" in the Sunday Magazine section of The New York Times offers the jarring, even disturbing possibility that the way science has attempted to grapple with the problem of major depression in the past may have been fundamentally misguided. Rather than tracing back to childhood trauma, or even a chemical imbalance, the real root of depression may lie deep within the structure of the human brain."

Tags:nursing, psychiatry, depression, mental, health, David, Dobbs, D.B.S., therapy

Abstract
This paper discusses depression in the elderly population. Particularly, the paper analyzes whether the factors that lead to an increase in or relief from depression in the elderly be used to help the elderly. The paper discusses depression in general and then specifically focuses on the elderly population and the effects of depression on that group.

From the Paper
"Depression in the Elderly Introduction Depression is common among elderly adults that almost one-half of all elderly people suffer from it, and it affects quality and length of life, as well as care costs (Loughlin, 2004). Depression can range from mild to major, but the elderly will benefit if they receive treatment quickly. However, treatment works best when certain factors related to either an increase or a decrease of depression are taken into account (Loughlin, 2004; Zalon, 2004). This literature review has the research question: how can the factors that lead to an increase in or relief from depression in the elderly be used to help the elderly?"

Tags:depression, elderly, factors

Abstract
This paper examines the impact of the Great Depression on agriculture in the US. It further gives an account of the pre-Depression depression suffered by the farm economy in the 1920s and why it had an effect on the Great Depression.

From the Paper
"The purpose of this research is to examine the impact of the Great Depression on agriculture as well as the decline in agricultural production as a feature of the Great Depression. The plan of the research will be to set forth the basic facts about the Great Depression and then to discuss the dynamics of agricultural production and the human demographics surrounding them with a view toward evaluating why the status o fagriculture was so important a factor of the event. In popular imagination the Great Depression is..."

Tags:Great Depression, Agriculture, farm economy, New Deal, Dust Bowl

Abstract
This paper discusses how the early diagnosis of postpartum depression is crucial given the negative impacts depression can have on a mother and her interactions with her new infant and, if left undiagnosed, the depression experienced by the mother can equate to long-term behavior problems in the infant as he/she grows up. The research question posed in this paper is "Does early diagnosis and intervention for a mother experiencing postpartum depression, decrease the risk of behavioral or learning difficulties for the new child as he/she is growing up?"

From the Paper
"The National Women's Health Information Center advises that postpartum depression is a result of the hormonal changes that occur naturally in a woman after the birth of her child (NWHIC, 2005). Other factors that can contribute towards postpartum depression can include feelings of tiredness, being overwhelmed at the responsibility of looking after a new baby, feelings of loss of identity once becoming a mother and feelings of loss of time as the new baby is so dependent and so very time consuming (NWHIC, 2005)."

Tags:depression, birth

Abstract
Postpartum depression is depression that appears shortly before to shortly after a woman has given birth. It can have negative effects on the woman's marriage and in fact on the entire family. Postpartum depression (PPD) is a serious, common, and treatable condition seen frequently in the primary care setting. This paper defines postpartum depression, discusses the causes behind it, details the range of symptoms, its diagnosis, treatment, and ways to help prevent it.

From the Paper
"Researchers and doctors know that women develop symptoms of depression about twice as often as men. It is believed that female hormones contribute to this in some way, as mood swings have been tied to variations in the menstrual cycle, pregnancy and birth, and the onset of menopause. Some experts also believe that the extra pressures in many women's lives as they juggle both jobs and home responsibilities, single motherhood, or caring for aged parents may contribute. It's very common for new mothers to experience mild and transient feelings of sadness, irritability or moodiness right after giving birth. When these symptoms are short-lived and not severe, they're often referred to as the "baby blues," and considered a normal variation in mood. "Baby blues" pass quickly and cause no significant problem for either the new mother or her family.

Tags:postpartum, depression, women, men, pregnancy, birth, mood, swings, menopause, baby blues

Abstract
This well-researched paper is a comparative analysis of the symptomatic cluster used by the DSM-IV in the establishment of an Axis I diagnosis of depression and the psychological symptoms associated with nutritional deficiencies. The writer of this in-depth paper examines numerous published studies and literature between 1995-2004 regarding deficiency symptoms of B1, B2, B3, B6, folate, magnesium and zinc and compares the findings with the psychological symptoms found in depression. While low self-esteem and suicidal tendencies were not listed in any of the texts, the writer contends that these were in fact substantiated when analyzing the studies detailed in this paper. This paper delves into the findings that prove magnesium and zinc deficiency may be involved in the psychopathology of suicide.

Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Nutritional Deficiencies and Depression
Nutrition, Culture and Depression
Nutrition and Rule-Out Diagnosis on DSM-IV Axis III
Review of Literature
Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)
Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)
Vitamin B3 (Niacin)
Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)
Vitamin B9 (Folic Acid)
Magnesium (Mg)
Zinc (Zn)
Summary
References

From the Paper
"Thiamin is a water-soluble vitamin with limited body storage capacities and must be replenished regularly through the diet. It acts as a coenzyme in the oxidative metabolism of glucose and partakes with niacin and riboflavin in glucose oxidation to yield useful metabolic energy in the form of adenoside-tri-phospate (ATP). The nervous tissue is dependent solely on glucose for energy and as such these tissues are very sensitive to fluctuation in thiamin levels. Thiamin's role as a cofactor in conversion of glucose to sugars may explain why a diet high in carbohydrate could deplete the thiamin reserve. Classic thiamin deficiency, beriberi, is rare, whereas Wernicke-Korskoff Syndrome, a condition often found in alcoholics, is commonly encountered as clinical manifestation of B1 deficiency."

Tags:medical, disorder, psychology, suicide, nutrition, vitamins, study, depression

Abstract
This paper examines bipolar depression, as the down phase of bipolar disorder. The paper looks at why bipolar depression it is often misdiagnosed as unipolar disorder, and is therefore treated with wrong medications. The paper contends that bipolar depression is more prevalent and dangerous than realized. The paper cites research that indicates that bipolar depression is the most lethal psychiatric disorder, with a high risk of suicide.

From the Paper
"Bipolar depression is the depressed phase of bipolar disorder, which is also known as manic-depressive disorder -- a mood disorder which results in drastic mood swings ranging from manic phases to depressive ones. In the United States almost two million people..."

Tags:Bipolar depression, bipolar disorder psychopharmacology, symptoms, treatment