A highly technical paper that reviews literature on the operating procedure and magnetic properties of electrochemical deposited Co-based magnetic films.
2,057 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 13 sources, 2001, $ 64.95
Abstract This report reviews literature on the operating procedure and magnetic properties of electrochemical deposited Co-based magnetic films. The significance and limitations of electrochemical deposit Co-based magnetic films are analyzed.
From the Paper " Hard magnetic materials have been a focus of interest in electrical engineering for years because of their applications as media in recording and potential applications in fabricating magnetic MEMS devices due to the strong magnetic field produced by them in absence of applying magnetic field1.2. Besides the hard ferrites and Nd2Fe14 B1, Cobalt or Cobalt-RE based magnets are mostly used hard magnetic materials because of their good magnetic properties as well as their excellent mechanical properties1. Generally speaking, Cobalt based hard magnetic materials are fabricated by PVD methods such as RF sputtering or evaporation. However, it is likely to be time and money consuming to apply these procedures, especially for a relatively thick film, say, 20mm or more, is needed. Furthermore, the fabrication of the film-type magnets on silicon wafers with CMOS integrated circuits has been considered as one of the most extremely difficult tasks due to the fabrication processing incompatibility between them."
Abstract This paper reviews the issue of deposit insurance banking in Australia. According to the paper, Australia does not currently have systems of financial regulation which include deposit insurance. The paper discusses the recommendation made by Australia's Council of Financial Regulators (CFR) to introduce a deposit insurance scheme.
Outline:
Introduction
Current Regulations of the APRA/ Powers of the APRA
Explicit Deposit Insurance - Advantages
Explicit Deposit Insurance - Disadvantages
Disadvantages of Explicit Deposit Insurance
Does Australia Need the System Proposed by the CFR?
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper "According to the government in Australia who has identified an issue that it states "would arise on closure of a distressed financial institution, it has also identified an issue which would arise on closure of a distressed financial institution. In these circumstances, there is currently no mechanism for providing depositors/policy holders with access to their funds on a timely basis. While the relevant legislation give depositors/policyholders first claim on the assets of a failed institution, it makes no provision for timely payments. Given the lengthy nature of the wind-up process, it could take many months, or even years, before funds are available for distribution." (Council of Financial Regulators - Failure and Crisis Management in the Australian Financial System 2006) This would be expected to results in financial hardship for many homes and businesses and place a great deal of pressure on the Government to "do something". (Council of Financial Regulators - Failure and Crisis Management in the Australian Financial System, 2006) The Council states that this "is an inappropriate outcome both for the more vulnerable members of society" (Ibid) as well as for the Government. The Council states that it is: "not attracted to the cumbersome pre-funded deposit insurance and financial system guarantee schemes found in other countries."
From the Paper "Savings and loan associations are often abbreviated as S & L?s. They are savings and home-financing institutions that make loans for the purchase of private housing, home improvements, and new construction. Formerly cooperative institutions in which savers were shareholders in the association and received dividends in proportion to the organization's profits, savings and loan associations are mutual organizations that now offer a variety of savings plans. Many offer the same services as do other savings institutions, such as tax-deferred annuities, direct deposit of Social Security checks, and automatic deductions from accounts for mortgage payments and insurance premiums, and passbook loans."
The development of a model for prediction of the rate on a 90-day U.S. Treasury bill and 90-day certificate of deposit, using Keynesian and loanable funds approaches. Tables & Charts.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 0 sources, 2000, $ 55.95
Abstract Models are developed to predict two interest rates. The default-free money market security for which a model will be developed to predict the interest rate is the 90-day United States Treasury Bill. The capital market security which is characterized by some degree of risk for which a model will be developed to predict the interest rate is a 90-day certificate of deposit issued by a financial institution.
From the Paper "Interest Rate Prediction
Introduction
Models are developed to predict two interest rates. The default-free money market security for which a model will be developed to predict the interest rate is the 90-day United States Treasury Bill. The capital market security which is characterized by some degree of risk for which a model will be developed to predict the interest rate is a 90-day certificate of deposit issued by a financial institution.
Keynes held that the rate of interest is determined, instead, by the intersection of the supply of money and the demand for money. Instead of time preference, which is involved in the classical economic theory of interest, the Keynesian theory of interest is concerned with liquidity preference. The liquidity preference..."
Abstract Applied strictly to the banking industry, moral hazard refers to the risk exposure of financial institutions and is often caused when a statutory authority provides some kind of financial safety net, such as deposit insurance. This paper looks at moral hazard as it applies to the banking sector and discusses past instances of failure in the banking sector attributed to it. It closes with a discussion of reforms enacted in Australia to minimise the impact of moral hazard on Australian financial institutions.
From the Paper "Moral hazard hit the United States savings and loan industry hard in the 1980's, when a lot of highly speculative and risky investments were made by the owners of savings and loan institutions. Owners of these institutions found that it was possible to attract a large pool of government insured deposits that could be invested, with little restriction, in these risky projects that had the potential to generate large profits. As the capital was insured by the full faith and credit of the United States government, managers had little incentive to manage the risk exposure of their investment portfolios (Pindyke & Rubinfeld, 2001, p. 608-9)."
Abstract The paper states that patients with metabolic syndrome have a constellation of conditions that include obesity and disorders of adipose deposition, insulin resistance and independent factors of hepatic, vascular and immunologic origin as well as the influence of aging and hormones. The paper discusses a case study of a woman with metabolic syndrome who wishes to become pregnant. The paper explains the suitability of the drug metformin and her need for weight loss.
From the Paper "In the United States, metabolic syndrome will soon become a more significant risk factor for heart disease than cigarette smoking. Elements of insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia are associated with glucose intolerance and eventual progression to Type 2 diabetes. Associated elements include hypertriglyceridemia, hypertension, polycystic ovary syndrome, hypercoagulability states and vascular inflammation. The cardiovascular system is the primary body system involved in metabolic syndrome. Patients with metabolic syndrome have a constellation of conditions which are defined below."
Abstract The paper looks at the points in the globe that are most surrounded by water and land. The paper compares the land and water areas in the northern and southern hemisphere and discusses flying and sailing between the two most distant points. The paper discusses convergent plate boundaries and the correlation between ocean depths and plate tectonic processes. The paper examines major ocean surface current patterns, swells, breaking surf, tsunamis and tides. The paper also looks at depositional coasts versus erosional coasts.
Outline:
Identifying the Current Location
The Point Most Surrounded by Water
The Point Most Surrounded by Land
Comparison Between the Land and Water Areas in the Northern and Southern Hemisphere
Flying Between the Two Most Distant Points
Sailing Between the Two Most Distant Points
Convergent Plate Boundaries
The Correlation Between Ocean Depths and Plate Tectonic Processes
Major Ocean Surface Current Patterns
Swells, Breaking surf, Tsunami
How do Tides in a Bay Depend on its Location in the Ocean?
Depositional Coasts versus Erosional Coasts
Marine Organisms in Pelagic and Benthic zones
From the Paper "New York belongs to the state bearing the same name and is situated on the north-eastern coast of the U.S.A, at the point where the Hudson River flows into the Atlantic Ocean. The city's geographical coordinates are latitude 40047'N and longitude 73058' W. The city is renown for its cultural aura, but also for its financial, business, and trading organizations which play a major role to the national and world economy (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City)."
Abstract This paper examines religious works by Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio: "The Deposition of Christ in the Sepulcher", "Madonna di Loreto", "The Calling of Saint Matthew", "The Martyrdom of Saint Mathew" and "The Crucifixion of Saint Peter". All of these works are oils on canvas and present themes from the New Testament. The author describes each painting, its history, biblical content and the techniques used, which are characteristic of Caravaggio.
Table of Contents:
"The Deposition of Christ in the Sepulcher"
"Madonna di Loreto"
"The Calling of Saint Matthew"
"The Martyrdom of Saint Mathew"
"The Crucifixion of Saint Peter"
From the Paper "The original commissioner had ordered a more complicated assemble with more display of architecture and a larger number of spectators assisting the scene in terrified impotence. However, Caravaggio managed, after a couple of abandoned attempts, to compact the scene to the most essential elements without losing the dramatic expression its commissioner had requested.
"Affected chiaroscuro gives expression to the moment and brings the scene closer to the viewer, involving them as part of the action."
Abstract The paper uses a qualitative review of existing literature concerning arsenic characteristics, regional and site specific geology and hydrogeology, and remediation methods, to explore the arsenic contamination of groundwater in Deloro Village, Madoc, Eastern Ontario, Canada. The paper also provides recommendations on more effective and efficient means of remediation for the site and similar contaminated areas.
Outline:
Background to the Research Project
Proposed Research
Importance of this Research
Proposed Methodology
Ethical Considerations
Quantitative vs. Qualitative Research Considerations
Revised Project Schedule
From the Paper "The Deloro Mine, in eastern Ontario, is a significant player whose activities has resulted in both surface and subsurface arsenic contamination of both soil and water, at the mine site, and off-site as well. Gold mining and smelting, with arsenic removal, was established in 1886, at Deloro. The health and safety of Deloro workers was compromised due to high levels of metal in their bodies, specifically lead and arsenic. Environmental problems were also an issue, including the air deposition of arsenic dust. This air deposition contamination was so detrimental that residents were unable to hang out their laundry during smelter operation, for years, because of the stack soot high in metals. In the 1960s, the Ministry of the Environment (MOE) Water Resources Commission found water samples to be high in arsenic. "
Abstract This paper deals with the geoscience application of using seismic data to gain information about strata layers, particularly with the intent of locating oil-rich deposits. Seismic stratigraphy involves analyzing the reflected patterns of elastic waves that have bounced off of sub-surface rock layers. The paper pays particular attention to significant technological progress that one of it's main applications has made in the the exploration of hydrocarbon which is of particular interest to the large petroleum industries.
From the Paper "One of the newest tools in seismic stratigraphy is 3-D seismic data. Thanks to technological advances and more cost-efficient methods of gathering this data, it has come to the forefront as a valuable tool. Although oil companies have been using 3-D seismic concepts since the 1970's, the successes it has had have not been published in scientific journals (Hart, 1999). Consequently, the method has not received much attention in the scientific world until recently, when increased computer capabilities, visualization software, and lower prices made it more widespread. 3-D seismic application is still a relatively new tool working its way into other geoscience disciplines; however, it has been heavily utilized by the petroleum industry for some time now."
Abstract The paper introduces archaeology, and explains that the concept of dating is central to the science of archaeology. Two broad categories of dating, relative and absolute, are introduced, and four major specific types of dating are presented to the reader; stratigraphy, dendrochronology, obsidian hydration dating, and radiocarbon dating. Each of the four methods are discussed in great detail, each with a closing paragraph devoted to the underlying problems with that particular method. For example, the section on stratigraphy begins with a brief history of the method itself, and introduces such concepts as the law of superposition, temporal sequences of data within stratified deposits, context evaluation, and determining age through the relative position of superimposed artifacts. The negatives of stratigraphy are then discussed, and include deformation, overlapping and reverse stratigraphy, and the method is evaluated on the whole. This format is then applied to the other three types of dating discussed. Finally, a concluding paragraph states that although the four types of dating discussed are infinitely valuable to archaeologists all over the world, there are still problems associated with each that need to be accounted for when using them to address the age of fossilized remains and other artifacts.
From the Paper "Archaeology is the study of past human cultures, and archaeologists must uncover and interpret material remains in order to reconstruct past ways of life. To understand the purposes of these remains, Archaeologists have the task of constructing a chronology of prehistory, using various dating methods. ?Without knowing the age of materials, little can be said about the activity that made them part of the site (David L. Webster, Susan Toby Evans & William T. Sanders, 1993: 128).? Dating is defined as the placement in time of events relative to one another or to any established scale of temporal measurement (Jeffrey S. Dean, 1981: 375). Dating methods used by Archaeologist incorporate the scientific method and have the advantages of objectification, application to isolated cultural sequences, and an expanded span of human prehistory for which an absolute chronology can be built (Keith Brannigan, 1974: 100-101). Scientific methods of dating are invaluable for the prehistoric periods and have revolutionized the archaeologists? ideas about the absolute chronology of the prehistoric culture sequence (Brannigan, 1974: 101), yet each of these scientific methods has many difficulties. Dating techniques fall into two categories"relative and absolute"and include the following: seriation, ceramic dating, potassium argon dating, thermoluminescence dating, archaeomagnetic dating, fission track dating, stratigraphy, dendrochronology, obsidian hydration dating, and radiocarbon dating. This paper will discuss the latter four methods, with an emphasis on the shortcomings of each."
Abstract The paper covers all the financial aspects of buying a house including bank requirements, deposits and loaning. It examines how to find the right property and purchasing procedures.
From the Paper "Once the research has been done and you have decided what you want, the next step is to find the property and to buy it. You can either search for it yourself or contact a real estate agent who will find out your needs and show you suitable properties. Once the right property has been found, then to buy it you ?submit an offer.? The property will always have an asking price, offering the asking price means you will get the property, but you can offer less and still get the property. You can determine a good offer price, by comparing the price to similar sales in the area. "
Abstract This paper discusses the definition and causes of acid rain, as well as its harmful effects on aquatic systems, forests, man-made structures and human health. It also discusses the global implications of acid rain as a migratory form of air pollution and how this presents problems in the regulatory arena, especially from an international standpoint--for example, when acid rain generated by factories in the southern U.S. states is blown by wind patterns across the Mexican border, or vice versa.
Table of Contents
Introduction
What is Acid Precipitation?
Definition
Common Pollutants and Reactions Involved
Sources of Acid Precipitation Pollutants
The Harmful Effects of Acid Precipitation
Effects on Aquatic Systems
Effects on Forests and Other Terrestrial Ecosystems
Effects on Man-Made Structures and Materials
Effects on Human Health
Global Implications of the Acid Precipitation Problem
Air Pollution Migration
The International Challenge
Conclusion
References
From the Paper "Air pollution is a well-recognized environmental problem throughout the world. Studies have shown, time and time again, that the environmental and health-based impacts of air pollution are both detrimental and undeniable. One of the most important forms of air pollution for our society as a whole to recognize and deal with in an expedient manner is acid precipitation. Because of the very nature of this type of air pollution, the direct and indirect effects of acid precipitation are both far-reaching and difficult to get under control. Understanding more about the causes, effects, and implications of acid precipitation and its impacts on our daily lives is the first step that we all need to take in adopting a more proactive approach to solving this problem."
A discussion on peripheral arterial disease, also known as PAD, a chronic condition in which arteries that supply blood to the legs become blocked by a buildup of plaque.
Abstract The following paper examines the symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of PAD, a form of atherosclerosis, a progressive disease characterized by fatty deposits in the inner layer of the arteries, which gradually narrows the artery. The writer particularly focus on 'Raynaud?s' one of the forms of PAD which causes fingers and toes to turn blue and white with cold .
From the Paper \"It's important to remember that many people have PAD without having any symptoms. Such individuals are at higher risk for a stroke or heart attack. Research indicates that the risk for dying from heart disease is six times higher for people who have PAD, and PAD patients have a 30 percent risk of dying from a cardiovascular-related problem within five years after the initial diagnosis of PAD (University of Penn Health System). It is essential that anyone who has health problems or a lifestyle that could lead to PAD be aware of the symptoms of this potentially life-threatening disease, as see a doctor for any problems. Peripheral arterial disease can be controlled in most cases. People only need to be aware of the signs.\"
A discussion on the effect of acid rain on forests and the way in which the deposition of acid rain and particles make plants and trees more susceptible to disease.
Abstract The following paper examines why environmental scientists are concerned that the level of acidity in rain and snow has increased beyond its normal levels in the United States. The writer discusses the ways in which this has had a serious impact in several areas, including forests in the northeast and many of the country's most valued monuments.
From the Paper "Munton (1998) expresses the same concerns. He notes that emissions have already been reduced by 50%. That is an impressive improvement, but perhaps still more than delicate ecosystems can stand. He suggests that we may need even more restrictive interventions in place, and points out that modern society's effects on the atmosphere goes beyond acid rain, which may also affect human health, but to breathable particulates, effects on the ozone layer, and regional haze making particular areas periodically more vulnerable to the effects of airborne pollutants.
"In conclusion, it may be too soon to be satisfied with our efforts so far. Given the tremendous amount of pollution released into the air, a 50% reduction may be a result that looks good on paper but that is still significantly damaging to our environment."
