Abstract The paper examines an article by Chelyen Davis, "State Looks at Dealing with Immigration," that looks at the illegal immigration scourge confronting the state of Virginia. The paper summarizes the article's key points and assesses the significance of the article to the broader discussion of whether illegal immigrants who break the law should be deported. The paper concludes that deportation will only be a viable option when the country's borders are safely secured.
From the Paper "To begin with, Chelyen Davis' article entitled, "State looks at dealing with immigration," is a provocative look at the dangers undocumented immigrants pose to American society. Davis begins by looking at how an illegal immigrant, driving drunk and with a prior police record, struck and killed two girls recently in Virginia Beach, sparking widespread outrage and frustration that he had not been reported to the US Immigration and Customs Enforcement service some time earlier. The outcry was sufficiently impassioned that a task force was struck within the state of Virginia to look at how local police and sheriff's offices deal with immigration laws. More than that, concerned officials, under pressure from the general public, have vowed to look closely at what the state can actually do to enforce federal immigration law and also at how illegal aliens impact the state of Virginia."
Abstract This paper discusses the novel "Mila 18" by Leon Uris which depicts the struggles of the Jewish residents of the Warsaw Ghetto, who in an effort to counter continued deportations to death camps, rose up against their German occupiers. It gives a brief biography of the life of the author and the research undertaken for the book. It provides a synopsis of the plot, an analysis of the protagonist Andrei and a comparison of the fiction in the book to real life fact. It concludes with various critiques of the book by the media.
From the Paper "The main characters of Mila 18 (the address for one of the resistance fighters) are Jewish residents of Warsaw, Poland, a city with the largest Jewish community in Europe (300,000 estimate). The book starts just before the invasion of Poland and the characters, mostly well-educated individuals, agonize over the events going on in Germany and the likelihood of war. The war started September 1, 1939 and Poland capitulated for all practical purposes before the month was over. The persecution of Poland's Jews began immediately. Even before the fighting had ceased SS Commanders were told to confine all of Poland's Jews to special areas."
Abstract Slavery resulted in the deportation of between eight and 10.5 million people over the course of over 200 years. Countries affected included Gambia, Ghana, Senegal, Benin, Mauritania, Nigeria, Ivory Coast and Cameroon, as these were the locations of European slave forts operated by the Dutch, British, French, and Portuguese. This paper looks at the cultural effects of this trade on the African countries, some of them which may be considered positive. It covers several issues including the introduction of Christianity to Africa, the economic prosperity of countries from which slaves were taken and the rise in literacy in these countries.
From the Paper "Areas that were involved in the European slave trade eventually prospered, as they developed commercial ties with the west, while those that profited from the traditional Arab slave trade in Eastern Africa declined alongside the Ottoman Empire. The biggest material difference between areas in which the slavery of Africans by Europeans predominated and other areas is that the former areas were early to adopt Christianity, which continues to divide some countries such as Ivory Coast and Nigeria as these coastal Christians clash with inland Muslims. It could be said that slavery caused Africans to develop a negative opinion of whites, but this would be the case only in that such a negative relationship complemented the latter, more pervasive one: colonialization. Whereas the Arabs, Turks, and Egyptians had practiced slavery in Africa for a much longer period of time, the slavery of Africans by whites was best understood as a precedent for the context in which Europeans would engage in relationships with Africans: as a stronger, alien culture with a history of conquest."
Abstract The paper analyzes the incarceration of the foreign criminals before they are returned to their home countries. It mentions the fact that many of their homelands refuse to take them back, and so these offenders cannot be released in the U.S. either. The paper looks at the issues faced by the INS in dealing in a timely fashion with the criminals, since the system has not been created to cope with such a load.
From the Paper "The issue is not a new one and has plagued the system for some time. On the one hand, there is pressure for the INS to do more to deport criminal aliens; on the other hand, there is pressure to do so in a timely fashion and to avoid jailing too many criminal immigrants in this country. It was reported in 1993 that between 1988 and 1990, 489,000 aliens scheduled to be deported could have been locked up, but the INS at the time had only 6,600 beds, forcing it to release more and more suspects. The General Accounting Office reported that in 1982, 24 percent of those apprehended were detained, while by 1990, only nine percent were held. In the mid-1990s, there were some 62,000 people under deportation proceedings in the New York district, while only about 750 a year were deported. This would mean it would take 80 years just to clear out the existing backlog (Popkin and Friedman 32)."
Abstract This paper studies the actions and decisions of the Vichy government in France during World War II. The author of this paper asserts that French anti-Semitism -- particularly toward non-French Jews -- rivaled even that of the Nazi's. The paper chronicles specific decisions, including deportation orders, against children and the elderly, in particular. The author also looks at cultural and societal anti-Semitism, as manifested in posters/advertisements and public demonstrations.
From the Paper "Three episodes involving Jewish children are remembered: The first and largest was the roundup at the Velodrome d'Hiver, where more than 4,000 Jewish children were arrested and kept in this cycling venue of the Paris region. "It was carried out exclusively by the French police in the summer of 1942. "None of the thousands of children deported following these police raids survived." The second was a roundup of Jews in Lyon, headed by the now infamous Klaus Barbie. They took 44 Jewish children, all of which were murdered. The third episode was the raiding of Jewish Children's homes in the Paris area. This happened shortly before the liberation of Paris. 250 children were seized, deported and murdered, only weeks before Paris was freed."
Abstract The paper details the case involving Ernst Zundel's arrests, deportations and finally imprisonment in Germany. The paper examines three mainstream (nominally non-biased) sources and three "alternative" and admittedly biased websites and the differences between how the two sides cover this case. The paper looks at the Daily Times of Maryville, Tennessee, the Times-Colonist of Victoria, B.C. and the Hamilton Spectator by Bill Dunphy. The paper also examines three alternative sites, revisionists.com, www.ihr.com and www.rense.com. The paper discusses how the definition of revisionism is dependent upon the context.
From the Paper "Ernst Zundel is a German-born writer and political activist, and was a legal resident of Canada for approximately 40 years until his move to the United States in 2000. He was arrested by U.S. immigration authorities in February of 2003 at his home in Tennessee, where he had come to live with his American wife. The basis for the arrest was a technical violation of U.S. immigration regulations, despite the fact that Zundel had no prior criminal record and was in the process of attempting to acquire legal U.S. residency status, in addition to the fact of being married to a U.S. citizen. He was held in custody by U.S. authorities for several weeks before being deported to Canada, at which point he was held in custody by Canadian authorities for two years as a threat to national security (Rimland.)"
Abstract This paper examines the 5th and 15th amendments to the United States Constitution and applies them to the current issues regarding illegal immigration. The paper also argues that the US should not deport foreign born parents of children born in the U.S., who have full citizenship as anchor babies.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
The Problem
The Amendments
From the Paper "The illegal immigrants have been increasing in America and have been able to gain benefits through health care, educational opportunities and other perks of living in the country, without having to submit the same paperwork that citizens and legal immigrants are required to submit. This has begun to create tension throughout America as jobs become less available and funding begins to get tightened. Whether the funding and employment issues are a direct result of illegal immigration or not does not sway the detractors who insist the illegal immigrants not only be forced to leave the country, but are also beginning to request that American born children by illegal immigrants not be allowed to attend public schools."
Abstract This paper studies the UK Immigration Act of 1971 and its enforcement with respect to administrative removal or deportation when Articles 3 and 8 of European Convention of Human Rights are engaged. This study used a three-chapter format to achieve this research purpose. Chapter one introduces the topic under consideration, provides a statement of the problem, as well as the purpose and methodology of the study. Chapter two presents a review of the relevant and peer-reviewed and scholarly literature and Chapter three presents the study's conclusions and recommendations. The paper includes a vast amount of source material.
Outline:
Chapter 1: Introduction
Chapter 2: Review of Related Literature
Chapter 3: Conclusions and Recommendations
From the Paper "So many changes have taken place in the United Kingdom and its relationship with its European neighbors since the end of World War II that it is difficult to accurately fathom the impact on its citizens today. Beyond the reshaping of its former empire during the 20th century, the United Kingdom has also experienced some fundamental shifts in its demographic composition. For example, according to Spencer (1997), "In the space of less than half a century, Britain has shifted from being a virtually all-white society to one in which ethnicity and race are significant social and political factors." While the UK has embraced many of the harmonisation initiatives designed to bring the country into better alignment with its European counterparts, many obstacles remain firmly in place that adversely affect the ability of some immigrants to gain access to permanent residency status or to join other members of their family who may already have emigrated."
Abstract This paper studies deportations of immigrants based on crimes of "moral turpitude". The paper analyzes where courts should draw the line on these crimes. The paper begins with an historical overview of the legal precedent for the decisions. Since early in the history of U.S. federal immigration laws, explains the paper, criminal activity has been grounds for denying admission to the country, as well as for expelling or deporting immigrants. In the past decade, however, the number of deportations has dramatically increased, as the category of crimes involving "moral turpitude" has been significantly expanded. This research-based paper cites relevant case law in arguing that standards should be made more uniform.
Outline:
Introduction
Legislative History
Deportation Factors and Crimes Involving Moral Turpitude
Drawing the Line in Cases involving Moral Turpitude
Immigration Cases Involving Crimes of Moral Turpitude
Effect of Discrepancies in Cases involving Moral Turpitude or Aggravated Felonies
Conclusion
From the Paper "As a result of the legislation, crimes involving moral turpitude, which rendered an individual deportable, essentially now included every possible offense. Cancellation relief is now wholly unavailable to anyone with an aggravated felony conviction. Asylum and withholding of removal, since 1990, have been likewise barred to aggravated felons. Withholding is now possible for an aggravated felon if the sentence was for less than five years, although immigration judges retain discretion to find that a lesser offense is nonetheless a particularly serious crime barring the criminal from refugee protections. The broadening of the definition of an aggravated felony has raised many questions as to where the line should be drawn involving crimes of moral turpitude. As a result of the broadening, practically any alien who commits a nontrivial crime, is subject to automatic expulsion. This is especially true if the crime fits one of the 21 paragraphs of the new definition of an aggravated felony. This result ensues even if the alien has been a lawful permanent resident since childhood, the crime and punishment took place decades ago, and he otherwise has a completely clean record."
Abstract In this article, the writer discusses that the events of September 11, 2001 and the continuing media reports of tens of millions of illegal immigrants being in the United States has not helped the position of those who want to immigrate and it has added fuel to the war on terrorism fires at home. This paper provides a review of the relevant literature to demonstrate several timely reasons why illegal immigrants who are already in the United States should be allowed to remain. The writer notes that this includes the enormous positive economic contributions of illegal immigrants and the exorbitant costs associated with identifying and deporting them. The writer also points out that migration is a natural survival technique and looks at the adverse effect that deporting illegal immigrants to the US would have on the nation's consciousness in view of America's longstanding legacy of welcoming dispossessed people.
Outline:
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Positive Economic Contributions of Illegal Immigrants
Exorbitant Costs Associated with Identifying and Deporting Illegal Immigrants
Conclusion
From the Paper "Given its significance in national affairs, it is not surprising that there have been some conflicting reports concerning the economic impact of illegal immigrants on the country's economy. While the actual numbers are unknown, critics suggest that these illegal immigrants are stealing jobs away from American workers who would readily accept these jobs if they were available. For instance, Gresham reports that there are literally millions of illegal aliens in the United States today who are using false Social Security cards and numbers to secure legitimate and better-paying employment than many observers might believe. According to Gresham, the impact of these workers on the nation's middle class will be profound and will make the gap between the haves and have-nots even greater. In fact, this author maintains that left unresolved, this trend will ultimately result in an American middle class that will shrink from its present 65 percent to 70 percent of Americans and create a larger percentage of poor people than ever before in the country's history ..."
Abstract This paper looks at how American immigration and deportation systems have affected Cambodian refugees living in the US and argues that these systems are profoundly unfair . The paper first explains that refugees from Cambodia, which was carpet-bombed by the U.S. during the Vietnam War, were not granted citizenship but rather were allowed into the U.S. only as "permanent residents". The paper then discloses the ways in which the 1996 "Anti-terrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act" had implications for Cambodians living in the U.S. by making deportation mandatory for all legal permanent residents, who are or had been sentenced to a year or more for aggravated felonies, moral turpitude or using controlled substances. Also discussed are the problems faced by the Cambodians, who are Americans by experience, education, and language, when they are deported back to Cambodia.
From the Paper "A second problem with the Act is the fact that the conviction does not need to have occurred after the Act was introduced. Convictions prior to 1996 are applied 'retrospectively'. This applies regardless of the length of time, which has passed since the conviction, and no matter how minor the offense. When we consider that men of color are more likely to be sent to prison after conviction and are often poorly represented during trial, then it is clear that the law unfairly targets immigrants from African, South American, and Asian countries."
Tags: act, permanent residents, moral turpitude, children, immigration court
Abstract This paper explains that, because of overwhelming public demand, changes in criminal justice policy in the past two decades made "collateral sanctions" for convicted felonies much harsher. The author points out that a person can pay his or her debt and still have seemingly eternal and certainly extensive "collateral consequences" such as loss of voting rights and even deportation. The paper relates that public opinion surveys recently have shown that more than 80% of Americans believe ex-offenders should regain their right to vote.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Various Restoration Methods
Concern about Re-Entry Issues in General
Effect on Parental Rights and Family Life
Issues Surrounding Voting Rights of Felons
Issues Surrounding Employment
The Right to Own and Bear Arms
Deportation as a Collateral Consequence of Felony Conviction
Possibilities for Correction
Conclusion
From the Paper "There is uncertainty even regarding at what point a person is considered to have been convicted. Is the person 'convicted" when a guilty plea or finding of guilt is entered for triggering a disability? Or, on the other hand, is he or she not convicted until a sentence is imposed, or perhaps not until after an appeal has been concluded and denied? In some states, the person is not considered to have been convicted if a plea of nolo contendere (no contest) is entered; in other states, that is the same as a conviction. Moreover, within the states in question, laws may not address these issues specifically, allowing for other areas of interpretation ."
Abstract The Mara Salvatruca (MS-13) is an American-made street gang that is currently considered by the FBI to be the United States' most dangerous gang. MS-13 has become entrenched in many parts of the US, Canada, Germany, and Great Britain. However the largest population growth has been in Central America, particularly El Salvador, through a continuous revolving deportation door. This paper identifies key characteristics that differentiate Mara Salvatruca from other gangs, particularly in relation to appearance, crime, and forms of violence. It makes the argument that MS-13 poses a triple threat as a highly organized, transnational, and third generation, or 3 Gen, gang. This paper then traces the gang's migration and criminal activities in three global domains: the United States, Canada, and El Salvador. It explores how the gang has evolved in each of these areas, and compares nationally-prescribed prevention, intervention, and rehabilitative measures applied to control the criminal activities and gang proliferation.
Outline:
Appearance, Crime, and Forms of Violence
Triple Threat
Inception and Growth in America
Deportation to El Salvador
Migration into Canada
Conclusion
From the Paper "MS-13 appearance and methods are distinct from rival gangs. Most members have traditionally donned tattoos on their upper bodies and often faces. The letters "M" and "S", as well as the numbers "13" printed in gothic script; the letters "SUR" meaning "sureno", or southern; a Salvadoran Pride emblem, or a skull, are signature tattoos that identify gang members (Domash, 2006; Bradley, 1998). Police heat is attracted by the obvious trademarks. In response, MS-13 members are becoming less conspicuous and blending in to the mainstream social landscape. Typically MS-13 members also wear white and blue clothing to be identified with the El Salvador flag, however it is the ones who dress in plain clothing and who do not flaunt tattoos that pose the most threat. The number 13 however, has more significance and gang members will adapt to avoid police attention by using other sets of numbers that equal 13 such as 67 or 76. Gang members also use a series of hand signals that shape the letters M, S, or other internally recognizable symbols (Domash, 2006)."
Abstract This paper is about Emma Goldman and her various theories, political, societal and moral. It focuses on her forty years spent as an American, especially the years when she was an active member of the anarchist party. It details her involvement in the assassination of Henry Frick, and her accusal in the assassination of President McKinley. It also discusses how her divergent views involving feminism without suffrage, created isolation among politics that she lived with her entire life. Her involvement in the burgeoning sexual revolution and her persona as a figurehead of the atheists and a violent inciter is also expanded upon.
From the Paper "Emma Goldman put very little worth upon the idea of government as a protector of the greater society. Emma Goldman rejected the idea that philosophy could ever be political and she spent her time and energy trying to defeat all types of organized government that she so detested. Her radical and uncompromising views on the nature of government left her without a political forum to embrace, and shaped her reaction to and participation in American anarchism? "
Abstract This essay discusses the story of the US immigrant, Elian Gonzalez. The author examines how immigrants are usually treated in the United States and concludes that Elian's story does not correspond to most immigrants' stories.
From the Paper "If the story of Elian Gonzalez were typical of the experiences of all immigrants to the United States at the turn of this century, then it would reflect in a fairly realistic way on how Americans should greet their immigrants ? with a sense that each newcomer to our shores brings with him or her an entire world of potential contributions to the economy and culture of the country, just as so many immigrants have done before. "
