Abstract
This paper reviews an article by Cole Harris, in which he investigates the causes of depopulation in British Columbia. The article focuses on the time period just prior to the arrival of Captain Vancouver, Galiano and other white settlers, with particular reference to depopulation caused by smallpox from 1782 onwards. The paper discusses Harris' point that agreement on the details about depopulation of the Natives are hard to come to, due to the intensely political issues involved.

Tags:bc, smallpox, coastsalish

From the Paper
"PATTERNS OF DISLOCATION
The Slave Trade Within Africa

The slave trade of the fifteenth through nineteenth centuries is known, in popular imagination, primarily for those parts of it in which Europeans or people of European descent participated directly. We can draw on vivid images of slave ships making the Middle Passage, or of slaves being sold on the block or working in the fields in the New World. But, though the kidnapping of Kunte Kinte figured in Roots, the African end of the slave trade is far less familiar.

Yet the slave trade was the principal export trade of sub-Saharan Africa through much of the slave-trading era. By the same token, the trade goods which European slavers brought in.."

From the Paper
" When the Spanish conquistadors arrived in the New World, they found flourishing civilizations firmly in place in the form of the Incas in Peru and the Aztecs in Mexico. Within a short time, the Spanish had destroyed these civilizations and eradicated much of their culture. In addition to the desire for conquest, gold, and plunder of all sorts, the conquistadors also saw themselves as carrying on a Holy Crusade to stamp out idolatry and to bring Christianity to these heathen peoples. The meeting between the Spaniards and the indigenous peoples of the New World was a culture clash in which the European would ultimately prevail, but elements of the indigenous cultures would survive and be adapted to the developing Christian society the conquistadors left behind. To a great degree, this was acculturation at the point of a sword, and the conquistadors..'

From the Paper
"This research paper traces, discusses and analyzes the effects of the blight of the potato crops and the resulting famine in Ireland in 1845-1849 on Irish culture. The most direct and immediate effects of the famine and the inadequate response of the authorities to it were widespread suffering, privation, starvation and deaths, primarily among the most impoverished groups of small Irish farmers and laborers in the west and southwestern parts of Ireland who depended on the potato crops for subsistence. The famine also produced and accelerated massive emigration from, and depopulation of, much of rural Ireland.
Nearly three quarters of a century and many intervening events were to transpire before Catholic Ireland achieved independence and Ireland was partitioned so no direct cause and effect..."

From the Paper
"The period of exploration of the New World was also a period of exploitation as European adventurers and armies encountered the native population and took advantage of that population, robbing the civilizations found here and decimating the population. The Aztecs had a mighty civilization in the New World that was destroyed by the Conquistadors in the name of greed and Christianity. The Aztecs were regarded as uncivilized heathens, and their lands were taken from them, their goods were stolen, and their leaders murdered.

Aztec civilization--and it was indeed a civilization--created its most extraordinary achievements in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. It received a sudden and painful defeat at the hands of the Spanish army in 1519-1521. Aztec civilization flourished in the Valley of Mexico, a tiny area in comparison with the total ... "

Abstract
The paper relates that one of the most interesting aspects of modern historiography is the critical review of historical certainties and concepts in histories written in previous eras. The paper discusses how in the context of the writing of African history, few topics illustrate the significance of such "revisioning" of history as that of the "mfecane"; a term that was used to described the Zulu depopulation of swathes of Natal in the early nineteenth century, which paved the way for Western colonial expansion. As this paper argues, however, modern re-examinations of the "mfecane" have problematized this earlier history as fitting agendas - of both liberal and Afrikaner historians - that misrepresent the complexity of nineteenth century African history. This being said, this essay argues the thesis that the "mfecane" was primarily caused by African agency - likely a mingling of Zulu nation-building together with environmental changes - with the dual effects being the creation of a strong state capable of resisting, if briefly, European expansion while, at the same time, weakening existing African social orders and rendering the southern African region increasingly vulnerable to colonial exploitation.

From the Paper
"One of the most interesting aspects of modern historiography is the critical review of historical certainties and concepts in histories written in previous eras. In the context of the writing of African history, few topics illustrate the significance of such "revisioning" of history as that of the "mfecane"; a term that was used to described the Zulu depopulation of swathes of Natal in the early nineteenth century, which paved the way for Western colonial expansion. As this essay will argue, however, modern re-examinations of the "mfecane" have problematized

Tags:africa, history, colonial

Abstract
The paper discusses how by the sixth century, the collapse of the Roman Empire was a well-established fact; as well, civilization had reached a low point insofar as cities had become depopulated and society had become rural and decentralized. With this in mind, the paper explores the factors and forces that allowed a new civilization in the west to arise; beyond that, this paper explores the stages or phases of its growth and development. Ultimately, the paper shows how while many factors led to the re-ascent of western civilization after the fall of Rome, it looks as though the Christian Church and a few capable leaders who still valued the transmission and protection of knowledge and civilized behaviour (Justinian being foremost among them) sowed the seeds for a new civilization to arise.

From the Paper
"By the sixth century, the collapse of the Roman Empire was a well-established fact; as well, civilization had reached a low point insofar as cities had become depopulated and society had become rural and decentralized. With this in mind, the next several pages will explore the factors and forces that allowed a new civilization in the west to arise; beyond that, this paper will explore the stages or phases of its growth and development. Ultimately, while many factors led to the re-ascent of western civilization after the fall of Rome, it looks as though the Christian Church and a few capable leaders who still valued the..."

Tags:collapse, post, roman, civilization

Abstract
The paper discusses how the Medieval period within Europe bared witnessed to great devastations due to both climate change and disease; the population was decimated after famines caused by the onslaught of the Little Ice Age and the spread of the Black Death. However, the paper notes that however detrimental these factors were to Europe, they helped change the nature of the Western world. The paper explains that the two combined helped depopulate the overpopulated continent, curb prosperity and growth for a period of time, and eventually helped pave the way for massive civil unrest which changed the nature of government within the context of a now modern European continent.

Tags:black plague, little ice age, western civilization

Abstract
This paper analyses the various effects of the introduction of new diseases to the Pacific. It contains accounts of various epidemics and their effects and consequences for both island populations and foreigners. History, politics, and science combine to provide an interesting and informative evaluation of early European involvement in the Pacific.

From the Paper
"While the impact of yaws in Tahiti cannot be attributed to Europeans, the spread of this disease to certain other communities, as well as the introduction of syphilis and gonorrhoea to most island groups, is indisputably the fault of these voyagers. While venereal disease had little impact on mortality, it was responsible for lowered natality. The importance of syphilis was not generally high due to the presence of yaws. Gonorrhoea, on the other hand, often renders sterile those unfortunate women who contract it and thus played a significant role in the depopulation of certain communities, including those of Tahiti, Hawaii, and New Zealand Maori. "So long as venereal diseases were widespread [...] populations could not recover." "

Tags:aguila, cakobau, colonialists, darwinists, death, depopulation, dido, disease, dysentery