Abstract When the camera was invented, photographers learned that they no longer needed oil paint and brushes to capture a scene or a person. On film, they could now record the life and times of the period in which they lived, either from a sense of mission or simply to leave an accurate version of their life and times for others. This paper provides an in-depth look at the lives, times and works of several photographers who captured America's history on photographic film. The paper discusses Matthew Brady who documented the realities of the American Civil War, Jacob Riis who condemned the deplorable conditions in New York City at the end of the 19th Century and the unobtrusive Dorothea Lange who photographed the plight of the American people during the Great Depression and went on to become the first woman awarded a Guggenheim fellowship. The paper also discusses the works of Walker Evans who was hired by the Resettlement Administration to photograph the Depression and Lewis Hine who educated the American public on the plight of children working under deplorable conditions.
From the Paper "The most poignant and moving photographs from Lange's trip convey a mood rather than describing circumstances or activities: a man squatting at the edge of the field, a mother and child in the tent opening, a group of men staring at the photographers. The photographs are character studies showing the textures of skin and clothing with an artist's eye and depicting posture, gesture and gaze with an ethnologist's.
When the Depression came to an end with World War II, Lange changed subjects rather than give up her documentary photography. Three months after Pearl Harbor, President Franklin Roosevelt ordered the relocation of Japanese-Americans into armed camps in the West. Soon after, the War Relocation Authority hired Lange to photograph Japanese neighborhoods, processing centers and camp facilities.
However, now Lange's feelings about what the government was doing gave her much discontent. She was not prepared to witness the disturbing racial and civil rights issues raised by Japanese internment. Lange quickly found herself at odds with her employer, the United States government."
Abstract This paper provides an analysis of two service encounters, an excellent one and a deplorable one. The paper uses concepts related to customer service management to explain the reasons why each one is categorized as either excellent or deplorable.
From the Paper "The worst service I encountered was my experience interacting with customer service at AOL. When broadband came out I contacted AOL and ordered their product raising my monthly rates ..."
This paper looks at novels by three writers - George Elliott, Elizabeth Gaskell and Benjamin Disraeli and how they describe the living conditions of the working class in the industrial revolution era.
1,050 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 0 sources, 2001, $ 36.95
Abstract This essay compares the novels of George Elliott, Elizabeth Gaskell and Benjamin Disraeli and their works, respectively: "Felix Holt", set in the coal mining areas of Loamshire, "Mary Barton", in the power looms of Manchester and "Sybil", the collieries and the metal-working foundries of Mowbray. The novels describe the deplorable conditions that existed for the workmen: malnourishment, often starvation, lower wages and death due to preventable and curable diseases.
From the Paper "From the perspective of workers, the main characters in the novels are Felix Holt (Felix Holt), John Barton (Mary Barton) and Walter Gerard (Sybil). They are honest men, passionate about the rights of workers, and possessed of a charisma that let's others gravitate to them.
"They belong to trade unions and workers movements entrusted with the task of improving working conditions and increasing worker wages. In all three novels, workers seek redress by taking their grievances to the Members of Parliament in London. Each time however, their delegations, met with stonewalling and apathy, return ?empty-handed.? These frustrations are the forerunners to the riots."
Abstract The following paper discusses views of 'God' with reference to Anne Bradstreet's 'Upon the Burning of our House', and Jonathon Edward's 'Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God'. This paper compares their views and tries to interpret what each author means by a particular sentence.
From the Paper "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God conveys an extraordinarily unique viewpoint of God. According to Edwards, we are all sinners by nature; it is our most forth standing trait, despite our ongoing efforts to counter it. Throughout his sermon, he goes on endlessly about how God is so merciful to us, and without his mercy we would be thrown to the deepest depths of hell by the very earth itself. What was so deplorable to the people when they first heard it, was that Edwards alleged that all this time that they had thought they had been good Christians, they were in fact sinning against God; all the while they thought they were going to Heaven, they were actually destined for Hell, and there was naught they could do to stop it. (?You hang by a slender thread, with the flames of divine wrath flashing about it, and ready every moment to singe it, and burn it asunder; and you have no interest in any Mediator, nothing to keep off the flames of wrath, nothing to lay hold of to save yourself, nothing that you have done, nothing you can do, to induce God to spare you one moment.? Edwards, 121.) So, essentially, they were screwed, and it was too late to do anything, you are all going to hell in a hand basket, have a nice Sunday. Edwards wanted to make religion almost a physical experience, and with reports of people fainting and weeping openly without abandon, I would have to say it seems as if he accomplished his task. I only wonder if perhaps a few of his followers turned to Agnosticism or Atheism after such an oration?"
Abstract Masters' and Johnson's Human Sexual Response is a report on the authors' long-term study of the anatomy and physiology of human sexual response conducted during the years 1954-66. The authors' preface briefly addresses the climate of fear and suspicion that had surrounded all previous attempts at such investigation and deplores the lack of a supportive response from the biological or psychological science communities for projects of this type.
From the Paper "Masters' and Johnson's Human Sexual Response is a report on the authors' long-term study of the anatomy and physiology of human sexual response conducted during the years 1954-66. The authors' preface briefly addresses the climate of fear and suspicion that had surrounded all previous attempts at such investigation and deplores the lack of a supportive response from the biological or psychological science communities for projects of this type. Their study, limited in this volume to the clinical examination of the nature of sexual response, is presented as "a first step toward an open-door policy" and future research based in "investigative objectivity" (vii). It follows from the initial investigations of sexual behavior conducted by Kinsey from 1938 to 1952 which, as the authors note, did include questions of physiology and anatomy. In order to achieve ..."
Abstract This paper analyzes how George Orwell's book "Nineteen Eighty-Four", written in an era after only thirty-five years in which there had been two world wars, a communist revolution, a host of fascist dictators and a frenzy of slaughter, imagines a world yet darker than that which already existed, a world in which the voice of authority had triumphed absolutely and in which individual human needs and desires were no more. It shows, through analysis of the novel, how Orwell may not have been entirely accurate in the way he pictured the world in "Nineteen Eighty-Four" even though he was amazingly prescient in foreseeing many of the problems that would arise in future years. He understood that the evil actions of Joseph Stalin, Adolph Hitler, Benito Mussolini, and Francisco Franco had inspired in the West a response that was in many ways no less deplorable and it was the collapse of the traditional ethical and social framework of the West that had first brought both communism and fascism into being.
From the Paper "It is no surprise that George Orwell should imagine a world in which the State has taken complete control of every aspect of the individual and of society, for such a thing had already happened, albeit not so completely. Clearly, the Soviet Union was the chief model for Orwell's Oceania. In the years since the Russian Revolution in 1917, the Communist Party, and in particular, Joseph Stalin, had created a world that could be considered a prototype of that described in Nineteen Eighty-Four. In the Soviet Union, the entire old order had been overturned, weeded out and replaced by a form of government and society that had never really existed before in any time or place."
Tags: communism, fascism, world, war, stalin, revolution, big, brother
Abstract This paper provides a brief history of slavery in general and the different types of slavery that have evolved over the years such as agricultural slaves to farmers and domestic slavery. It discusses the rise of slavery in the Muslim world during the time of the Byzantine Empire and how in Islamic life, owning slaves was a sign of wealth. Slaves were used as soldiers, concubines, cooks and entertainers. It examines the facts that slavery still exists today in some third world Muslim countries such as Sudan and Mauritania and the issue of slave-child-soldiers, children that are kidnapped at an early age to fight as soldiers. The slave trade in the Muslim world is indeed a deplorable institution that is long over due for reform. However, it has existed for centuries and efforts of recent have only led to perpetuation.
From the Paper "There is much concern regarding the fact that slavery still exist in several Muslim countries. The Koran deals directly with ?the issue of slavery ? states that subjected or conquered people should be given the option of converting to Islam"if they refuse, only then may they be taken as slaves"and Muslims should never be enslaved by other Muslims? (Schindler 2001). When Christianity was born, the Roman Empire spanned the globe, so the question of newly conquered people never arose. Christian conversions were voluntary, thus slavery was not a religious issue, although it was obviously practiced contrary to Christian belief (Schindler 2001). However, slavery in the Islamic East developed differently."
Abstract This paper reviews Friedrich Engels' book "The Condition of the Working Class in England", which explores the social issues that arose out of the creation of the proletariat by the industrial movement and which predicts that oppression by the bourgeoisie will eventually lead it to the inevitable "Revolution". It examines the social problems that Friedrich Engels identifies namely the deplorable living and working conditions in the 'Great Towns', the influx of Irish immigrants, the particular difficulties of the factory system and the mining and agricultural. It also looks at the proletariat, the Cottage system, the Truck system and the New Poor Law together with the attitude of the bourgeoisie toward the proletariat's suffering. It evaluates some of the solutions that Engels provides in trying to avoid the inevitable 'Revolution'.
From the Paper "This unhappy condition was further worsened by the influx of Irish immigrants who "had nothing to lose at home, and much to gain in England" (Engels, 101). In the hope of finding employment and making money, many Irishmen made their way to the English towns, bringing with them their crude habits and simplistic lifestyle. The Irish settlers did not need much to sustain their livelihood, and as such, required and were willing to work for less wages than any others. They became a strong competition for employment, and in branches of the industry where they competed with the English, wages were forced down further and further. Also, as they were accustomed to lack of cleanliness, the filth of their living quarters did not bother them, and to the ever-present garbage and dirt-heaps they added their own."
Abstract Sarah Smith Ducksworth, writes about "Uncle Tom's Cabin" by Harriet Beecher Stowe. The paper discusses Ducksworth's view that most people probably think the book contains a vision of black and white unity, when in fact it only deplores slavery and does not foresee a world of racial equality and brotherhood. It shows how Ducksworth notes that there have been several critics of the book who have said that it is either irrelevant today or that it is simply a bad book filled with liberal platitudes and bias. Ducksworth examines the book closely and finds that the book remains important for students today for several reasons, but that at the same time students should be aware of the fact that the image of slaves in the book reflects the prevailing view of the nineteenth century more than readers might think.
From the Paper "The book remains important precisely because of the effect it had when it was published--it gave impetus to the abolitionist movement, pricked the conscience of many Americans about the issue of slavery, and may have contributed to the onset of the Civil War. Stowe wrote the book to express her displeasure with the fact of slavery and to show how demeaning slavery was, but this did not mean that she had a view of blacks and whites as equal. She did not, and instead her characters reflect her view that whites are superior and so should act in a superior manner, meaning a more moral manner. She shows how Stowe indicates this in her book first through the character of Young Master George Shelby, who is a near-saintly white boy and man whose abilities are extolled by the slaves because he seems to able to read and write when they have to struggle at it. Stowe has him read to a black church congregation which nearly swoons at the power of his words and his ability to read and speak to them. Stowe creates a range of white characters to show how slavery demeans whites, from the wonderful George Shelby to the dreadful Simon Legree, the latter a man completely absorbed by the slavery business so that he has no human feeling left at all. In between are whites with varying degrees of character defect based on their involvement with slavery."
A review of the business ethics of the packing company described in "The Jungle" by Upton Sinclair under a capitalist system through the philosophy of Martin Friedman.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 2 sources, 2002, $ 44.95
Abstract This paper focuses on the business ethics of a packing company described in the famous novel titled "The Jungle" by Upton Sinclair. The paper applies the philosophy and theory of Martin Friedman to this company to see what justifications can be given for the deplorable work conditions present in the meatpacking company. In capitalist system, Friedman maintains that the primary responsibility of the employer is to the owner of the corporations and therefore he cannot work for the society or sever any social causes.
Abstract A paper on the revitalization of a small city, which is riddled with several problems. Some concrete measures are suggested to improve the current deplorable social and economic conditions.
Abstract This paper looks at the deplorable labor conditions that existed during the Industrial Revolution and the labor unions that were organized in response to those conditions. The paper looks at the economic depression, dangerous working conditions, and low wages that created a crisis between workers and management Also examined are some of the tactics used by both sides in an effort to gain the upper hand and the eventual resolution of the conflict.
From the Paper "The new industrial labor introduced workers and businesses alike to a new world--literally. Workers who were used to planning their days and jobs around the rising and setting sun, were now adjusting to working by the clock. Workers also had to adjust to being paid by the hour and also had to adjust to the pace of their work being set by machinery. Economic depressions and dangerous working conditions coupled with low wages created a crisis that workers and management alike had to face and deal with. This crisis would not come easily nor would it come painlessly, but the industrial revolution could not be stopped and it was up to man to work with the system and create something that would work on both sides of the assembly line."
Abstract This paper puts forward both sides of the argument that mentally ill patients should be cared for by family and friends and not be a burden to the government. For the pro argument, it examines how assuming the state should assume the cost of caring for people with mental illness is to deny the importance of family and community in caring for people with any disease. It also looks at how state and federal governments are already burdened with exorbitant outlays for medical care and social services. For the con argument, it examines how there are still misconceptions of the severity of mental illness and how diseases like schizophrenia and depression have biological origins and are treatable with medications. It argues that no one should be denied treatment for a mental disease any more than a person should be denied treatment after a car accident and how the health care situation in America is deplorable; one of the areas needing improvement is mental illness.
From the Paper "The only role the government has a right to playing in the lives of people suffering from mental illnesses is in ensuring that no one suffers from discrimination in the workplace. Because workplace discrimination is a major issue facing all Americans, this would be a positive development, one that would preserve the rights of all persons with disabilities. People who suffer from chronic mental illness should be treated with equal respect and afforded equal opportunities. The families who care for these individuals should ensure that their insurance plan covers the necessary expenses associated with the disease. In extreme cases, the person or family members may be eligible for some assistance, but only when to do otherwise would compromise humanitarian needs."
Tags: community, medical, care, discrimination, schizophrenia, depression
Abstract This paper on puppy mills focuses on the pros and cons of puppy mills. It emphasizes the deplorable conditions dogs are being exposed to in these mills. The paper also highlights the possible methods of controlling the increase of puppy mills and ensuring animal rights.
From the Paper "In order to understand the entire issue behind puppy mills, it is very "important to know the history behind it. After World War II, the agricultural industry suffered greatly. Farmers did not only suffer on the basis of finance but also on the basis of destroyed crops. "The US Department of Agriculture encouraged the raising of puppies as a crop. Retail pet outlets grew in numbers as the supply of puppies increased, and puppy production was on its way" (Norma Woolf, Just What Is A Puppy Mill?). Even though puppy mills started to function, the farmers however had no idea about how to raise dogs."
Abstract This paper explains that the art of puppy breeding began shortly after World War II when the US Department of Agriculture encouraged farmers to raise puppies as crops because traditional crop-growing had stalled. The author points out that an owner purchasing a puppy raised in a mill is much more likely to purchase a sick animal, or worse, an animal with a personality disorder resulting in the dog being given up to a shelter for adoption or worse. The paper relates that proponents of puppy mills argue that the USDA has enacted legislation requiring licensing for certain breeders; however, there is much evidence indicating that, currently, the USDA does not have enough inspectors to enforce laws requiring minimum space and standards for puppy breading.
From the Paper "Commercial breeders are one problem, breeding several types of puppy with profit as the primary motive. Many of the dogs raised in such kennels are not adequately screened for genetic illnesses. Also problematic are so called backyard breeder. Puppy mills however, are among the worst offenders, who breed puppies with little or no attention to their health care needs, socialization practices and placement protocols. USDA inspectors typically fail to inspect such mills."
