Abstract
The research problem for this study was whether inhalant use in the 12 to 17 year-old age group correlated with inhalant abuse and dependence, and whether inhalant use progresses to abuse and dependence. The research delimited the scope of the problem very well by ensuring that inhalant use, abuse, and dependence were all made clear, the age group was clearly defined, and all issues of race, ethnicity, and other factors were also addressed.

Outline:
Ethical Aspects
Critique of the Research Problems, Research Questions, and Hypotheses
Critique of Theoretical or Conceptual Framework
Critique of the Qualitative and Integrated Design
Critique of the Data Collection Procedures
Evaluation of the Data Quality in the Research Report
Critique of the Qualitative Analysis of the Research Report
Critique of the Interpretive Dimensions of the Research Report
Critique of the Presentation of the Research Report
Works Cited

From the Paper
"It does not appear that any of the participants were coerced or unduly influenced into providing answers for the study. There was nothing in the study about the participants having the right to refuse, and it can only be assumed that the participants were able to refuse the entire interview or refuse to answer a specific question if they so chose. Since the study does not state that these individuals had to participate for a particular reason, this is a reasonable assumption made from reading the study. The participants may have been somewhat vulnerable, however, since they were between the ages of 12 and 17 and it is possible that their thinking processes and their feelings about the study and interview were not the same as what would be seen from an adult in the same situation or being asked the same question. It is also possible that the interviewees in that age group lied or embellished their stories and answers for reasons unknown to the interviewers."

Tags:drug, dependence

Abstract
This paper looks at the prevalence of chemical dependence and mental illness in adolescents and some its causes. The paper discusses primary and secondary causes as well as the most common chemicals abused. It also looks at the brain chemistry involved, and examines the genetic basis of chemical dependencies.

From the Paper
"Substance abuse by adolescents is a pattern of substance, drug or alcohol use leading to significant problems e.g., absence from school, interference with family or friend relationships or legal problems. Substance dependence is the continued use of drugs or alcohol even when significant problems related to their use have developed. There may be an increased tolerance to the drug of choice, a need for increased amounts of the drug to attain the same desired effect, withdrawal symptoms with decreased use difficulty stopping..."

Tags:drug abuse, alcoholism, genetic factors

Abstract
The paper blames the current welfare system, the federal-state unemployment insurance program and state prison systems for fostering dependence on federal and state governments and increasing unemployment and poverty rates. The paper discusses the social disorganization theory and the critical criminology theory and argues that the rising poverty rates are a major cause of crime.

From the Paper
"As the United States continues to slide into an economic recession, poverty rates are continuing to rise across the country. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, in 2007 12.5 percent of the American population was trapped in poverty, (U.S. Census Bureau, 2008). This was an increase to the 2000 level of 11.3 percent. This is a stark contrast to the more affluent days of the past. In previous years, the value of the dollar on the global scale far surpassed most other currencies; yet, in modern years, it is only half of the value of the Euro, the reigning currency of the European Union. Unaffordable housing, high unemployment rates, and even higher inflation rates have created an environment of a disappearing middle class, where poverty is reaching out and claiming many of the previous middle class status, and making the gap between the poor and the rich even wider."

Tags:unemployment, benefits, social, disorganization, critical, criminology, theory

Abstract
This paper discusses the subject of nicotine dependence and looks at whether it would be better if the tobacco industry in the USA was destroyed. The author also looks at the use of caffeine, including a personal account of his intake.

Outline:
Discussion on Whether American Society be better off if the Tobacco Industry was Completely Destroyed
Major Concerns Regarding Caffeinism and the Potential Toxicity of Caffeine
Imposing Restrictions on Children from Caffeine Use - is this a Matter for Government Involvement?
Personal Intake of Caffeine and Resulting Affects

From the Paper
"In the United States, dependence on nicotine is characterized by a recurrent pattern of the use of nicotine in such a manner that it may lead to social, occupational or medical problems. In addition, an individual is felt to be physiologically dependent on nicotine if the subject requires ever increasing levels of nicotine to achieve the same level of comfort, of if the individual experiences withdrawal symptoms within hours to days after t he last episode of use. (Typical withdrawal symptoms include tachycardia, tremor, agitation, and anxiety although in those with heavy or prolonged use there are cases of nausea, vomiting and transient visual, tactile or auditory hallucinations). In most cases, the subject will often use nicotine for a longer period than was originally intended and will attempt to discontinue or decrease use, often times unsuccessfully. Probably one of the greatest indicators of nicotine dependence is the continued use despite medical or personal consequences, i.e. a diagnosis of a nicotine related cancer, the loss of a job, etc (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR) . One school of thought relates nicotine dependence to the effect of nicotine exposure on the brain. It is easy to understand that early exposure activates nicotinic receptors. The theory that tolerance to levels of nicotine increases the number of binding sites in the brain is not necessarily true. Increased sensitivity to nicotine is not always associated with greater degree of use and resultant biochemical tolerance. In fact, in rodent models in which nicotine was provided at stable dosing, there was still evidence of increases in the number of nicotinic binding sites in the brain. This in turn gives pause to the theory that fluctuating levels of nicotine in the smoker contribute to new nicotinic receptor activation."

Tags:treatment, cancer, levels

Abstract
An argumentative essay discussing the occurrence of co-dependence among women, how it can be dealt with, and what some causes may be. The author looks at women in physical and mentally abusive relationships.

From the Paper
"There are many women today who are in relationships that are abusive either physically or emotionally. What's worse is that many of these women stay in the abusive relationships or go from one abusive relationship to another throughout the course of their lives. When asked why, some common replies are that their partner doesn't't really treat them badly, they have a lot of good qualities, or that he says he will change. The truth of the matter is, these women stay in abusive relationships because they are codependent and this is a problem that needs to be dealt with."

Tags:addiction, codependence, women

Abstract
The paper discusses how too few resources, together with over-consumption, have led to the possibility of an energy crisis, political problems and economic volatility. The paper then considers the solution and contends that this involves finding more domestic oil and reducing oil consumption.

From the Paper
"From the plastic utensils we use to eat at picnics and company parties to the cars we drive for work and for pleasure to the heat that warms our homes in cold winter months, oil runs the United States of America. But while it may run the United States, it certainly is not cultivated in this country in great abundance. In fact, the United States uses about 25 percent of the world's oil, but contains only three percent of the world's oil reserves (Reducing U.S. Oil Dependence). Thus, the United States is dependant on other countries for one of its most valuable resources. Because many of these countries are in the Middle East, an area known for its wars and volatility, some have been significantly worried about the United State's dependence on foreign oil. The September 11th attacks have made this painfully clear. Having oil interests in Middle Eastern countries could be detrimental to the United States in that war and violence could suddenly make those resources unavailable."

Tags:energy, crisis, consumption, environment, security

Abstract
Argues that Japan should shift its foreign policy posture to become increasingly independent of U.S. power. Considers the American protectiveness of Japan's political system during the Cold War.

From the Paper
"It is in Japan's interests to fundamentally shift its foreign policy posture so as to become less dependent on, and less subordinate to, the United States. Japan would be better off if it were to become a more independent "normal" nation. That thesis ..."

Abstract
This paper is about how society has changed due to technology and how much humans depend on technology and what a big part of our lives it is. It discusses how the technological revolution has changed the way we function and looks at our dependency on technology in our day-to-day lives.

From the Paper
"Only a few years ago we were not able to pick up the phone and call our neighbors without the operator's assistance. Parents would have to send telegrams to there children at college to go to the central post office to receive their long-distance phone call. But today is much different. We have come a long way with our new technological advancements. We have gone far beyond just being able to direct dial any country in the world. Going a day without cellular phones, fax machines, computers, and satellites would pose a great challenge. Society has quickly moved into the information age. The information age is a time in which the internet has provided us with endless amounts of information. With the Internet, we have instant access to information, people and an array of services. The internet is almost becoming a necessity in our lives. The personal computer is a necessity in many people's lives. The dependence on computers is growing and the question is, are we too dependent on our computers and the internet?"

Tags:media, information, systems

Abstract
The paper explains that the intake of excessive amounts of alcoholic beverages could lead an individual to become dependant. This is when alcohol starts to take precedence over everything else in the person's life and it becomes more of a compulsion than anything else. The paper describes 'tolerance' for alcohol and the development of 'withdrawal symptoms' in which a person would display a tremor or extreme anxiety, both of which would be alleviated if he were to consume more alcohol. The paper stresses that proper diagnosis and treatment are essential if the alcoholic hopes to overcome his dependency and lead a rewarding life. The paper contends that it would help if more individuals started to recognize the simple fact that alcoholism is as much a medical disorder as it is a psychological one.

From the Paper
"One must remember, at the same time, that it is a proven scientific fact that when alcohol is consumed in very moderate quantities, it could be the incentive that a shy person may need to overcome his inhibitions, or it could be the medicine that would help a cardiac patient improve the blood circulation within his body. However, it is when an individual consumes excessive amounts of alcohol, and eventually starts to feel that he or she cannot function without a drink that his problems start. It is at this stage that alcohol consumption becomes a serious public health concern and also a social menace."

Tags:consumption, withdrawal, symptoms, compulsion, medical

Abstract
The paper looks at Charlotte A. Twight's book "Dependent on D.C.: The Rise of Federal Control over the Lives of Ordinary Americans," that chronicles how America and Americans have become increasingly dependent on the government to solve societal and personal woes, in everything from employment security to a crumbling infrastructure. The paper discusses how Twight does not blame the American people for this growing dependence; she blames the politicians who have consistently grown government during the 20th century. The paper outlines how she identifies four specific tactics that they have used to manipulate and grow government power. The writer of this paper would recommend this book to just about every American, regardless of their political affiliation.

From the Paper
"This book takes an in-depth look into how this government growth occurs, and why the people accept it. The author covers topics such as Social Security, Health Care, Federal Surveillance, the Rule of Law, and Income Tax Withholding, and more, and clearly shows that in each of these areas, the government has created ways to cut public opposition while growing federal power. Of income tax withholding, Twight writes, "In addition to undermining the rule of law, the income tax system has undermined American economic well-being. Tax-created uncertainty is rife" (Twight 93). Throughout the chapters, she offers up detailed analysis and reasoning for her positions, and evidence from a variety of sources that backs up her ideas. It is clear she knows her topic and has done her research, because she backs up her facts with statistics, language of specific acts and laws, and an understanding of the economic process."

Tags:politicians, power, corruption, manipulation