Abstract
This paper explores the value of volunteer fire departments and addresses the question: Why are volunteer fire departments important? The paper also contends that volunteer fire departments prove not only valuable, but vital to communities. The paper explains that, in U.S. communities, a fire department responds to a fire approximately every 20.0 seconds. The paper asserts that, just as individuals who serve their communities through volunteer fire departments receive positive benefits in return, the communities' volunteer fire departments serve gain valuable tangible and intangible profits. The paper concludes that today, as in the past, an out-of-control fire constitutes one common, significant, tragic hazard that is ongoing; volunteer fire departments show their value as they continue to suppress and arrest out of control fires - just in time. This paper contains illustrative charts and graphs.

Outline:
Introduction
Volunteer vs. Free
Service for the Community
Considerations
Volunteer Characteristics
Ways Volunteer Fire Departments Operate
Conclusions
References

From the Paper
"Along with numerous organizational formats, however, the volunteer fire service shares several common threads running through them. "Most volunteer fire departments have volunteer fire chiefs" (Clay, 1998). To motivate fire service volunteers, volunteer fire departments' chiefs, along with the community the departments serve, must provide a positive benefit, tangible or intangible rewards, and/or some sort a balance of some sort to equal the effort the individuals exert to qualify as member of a volunteer fire department. Despite training, effort and time commitment, Clay asserts, at times, serious emergency incidents occur that do not produce the volunteer fire department's desired positive outcome. This, however, happens to fire departments universally, whether they are volunteer or career."

Tags:firefighter, response, city, infrastructure

Abstract
The paper attempts to explore how departments such as the District of Columbia, Boston and Las Vegas have coped with the challenges of policing the community, fostering community relations and creating an effective network of law enforcement officers. The paper examines how these departments deal with some of the unique challenges in their area. The paper then shows how community policing and increased sensitivity to previous charges of racial bias and corruption characterize all of these efforts to improve the quality of the departments.

Outline:
Metropolitan Police Department: District of Columbia
Metropolitan Police Department: The City of Boston, MA
Metropolitan Police Department: Las Vegas, NV

From the Paper
"The police department in Washington, D.C. is in an unusual position, given that it is a city department, charged with protecting the safety and security of all residents and visitors, located in our nation's capital. It thus functions as a kind of showcase of the nation to many tourists from the nation and from abroad, despite its municipal character. Unfortunately, D.C. has had to cope with many challenges, including a high murder rate, in recent year. However, the department has shown admirable tact in dealing with many public relations problems recently, most notably the controversial issue of illegal immigration."

Tags:community, policing, sensitivity, dedication

Abstract
This paper gives an analysis of the issues involved in hospital emergency departments when overcrowding of patients occurs. First, it describes the problem, citing relevant statistics. Then, it proposes a plan for addressing this issue. Various experts in the field of hospital administration are cited to validate the suggestions that are offered. Next, the paper notes barriers to implementing a plan for overcrowding in emergency department. The paper concludes with suggestions for overcoming these barriers and successfully implementing a plan.

Outline:

Introduction
Analysis of the Problem
Proposed Plan for Addressing this Problem
Possible Barriers to Implementing your Plan
Recommendations for Overcoming these Barriers

From the Paper
"Use of ED for non-urgent condition also constitute a major barrier because of the net effect of slack managed care, large scale patient protection regulation and lower accessibility to PCPs give inducement for patients to use the ED for non-urgent conditions as well. A considerable number of ED patients could be consulted and treated in primary care environments which could help in alleviating overcrowding of EDs. Indeed, some patients who are insured are able to avoid co-pay completely by visiting the ED in place of a PCP. Some of the hospitals and health plans have designed charges and co-pays for ED use."

Tags:emergency rooms, patient safety, stress in hospitals, residents

Abstract
This paper reviews the history of policing, the changes in the public image of the police officer and the need for improving the image of the metropolitan police departments. The paper discusses that "Community Oriented Policing" is the best example of how police department are using traditional marketing methods to improve public relations. The paper describes "Community Oriented Policing" as a friendly attitude, frame of mind and an individual commitment to address all quality of life issues surrounding a community, rather than just violations of the law.

Table of Contents
Introduction
Policing Throughout History
Effects of Changes on Public Image of Police Officers
The Role of the Media in Police PR
Need for Traditional Marketing Efforts
How PR Can Be Employed
Recommendations for Improving Police PR
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The police forces were faced with overwhelming situations and were poorly prepared to handle them. Focusing attention on policing policies and improving the police force was a major goal of this era. Unfortunately, protesters took advantage of this, using police to get their messages across. Police became the targets of hostility, which ultimately led police leaders to thorough reflection and analysis."

Tags:history, image, officer, community, oriented, attitude, commitment, quality-of-life, violations, media

Abstract
The paper considers the factors that can indicate that change implemented successfully in one department will port successfully to other groups within the organization.

From the Paper
"When one department experiences success due to implementing changes, the organization naturally may want to expand that success across additional departments. However, organizations are often surprised when change initiatives that are successful among one group fail to transition to other groups. The reasons for this can be many, including departmental culture that resists the new change. When evaluating which changes to implement, companies need to look at the nature of the success. If a department has reduced costs, for example, are the..."

Tags:change, management

Abstract
This paper discusses the evolution of the marketing department and how the Internet and eCommerce practices have impacted contemporary marketing organization. It looks at how by seeking tighter integration of operations and improved efficiency across the enterprise, many b-to-b companies are restructuring their marketing organizations and putting new executives in charge.

From the Paper
"In the late 1960's the concept of strategic marketing was developed at Harvard University through the joint efforts of academic experts and forward thinking business executives (Slater, 2005, p. 23). According to Slater et al (2005), since its inception, the ideology of marketing has been revised, modified, and renamed with titles such as "marketing philosophy", "market drive", customer intimacy", marketing concept", and "customer focus" (p. 22). The evolution of marketing soon led to the development of marketing orientation. The birth of marketing orientation was perpetuated in the 1970's by the notion that business processes are driven by the needs and wants of consumers."

Tags:marketing, orientation, organization

Abstract
In order to examine the structures and operations of police departments in the United States, this paper distinguishes metropolitan areas, such as New York, with crowded conditions and skyscrapers and tenements fighting for space, with Los Angeles, which is an area of hundreds of square miles covered by cops in cars, helicopters and speed boats. The paper examines the similarities and differences between the LAPD and the NYPD. It also provides a numbered point-by-point summary of these comparisons.

From the Paper
"Bratton, first appointed by then-newly elected Mayor, Rudolph Giuliani, also was aware of the old saying "don't stick your neck out". As he said, "It's the first principle in running a police department." However, he did stick his neck out in favor of a highly centralized police department, just the opposite of LA's plan for the future. Centralization seemed important for rapid response units and their growth throughout the city. In New York, Centralization also meant (and in some areas still does) that the best cops were in the neighborhoods they knew, where they were respected, and were on call for emergencies, as well as for routine assignments".

Tags:Mayor, Giuliani, Neighborhood, Watch, Irish, Mafia

Abstract
The paper relates that Behavioral Science Units have been implemented in police departments across the country to lessen the stress of trauma and reduce the impact of potential trauma an officer may face in the line of duty. The paper discusses how implementation of such units is beneficial for the emotional and psychological well-being of officers and should be required of all law enforcement agencies. The paper explains that the mission of the Behavioral Science Unit will be to coordinate employee assistance services for officers and their families, for problem assessment and identification, and if necessary, to arrange referral to other facilities and/or services.

From the Paper
"Behavioral Science Units have been implemented in police departments across the country to lessen the stress of trauma and reduce the impact of potential trauma an officer may face in the line of duty. It has been..."

Tags:behavioral, science, police

Abstract
This paper examines the role of the local fire department in responding to and planning for terrorist attacks. It describes paradigm shift in the way the department releases information to the public since September 11th, 2001. The paper states that a properly functioning master plan is essential to maintain order and lessen the effects of fear and panic from the terrorist attack.

From the Paper
"In disaster response training and planning, it is said that the first people on the scene are the local fire department, but in reality, they are the second ones on the scene. The first person is the person who made the call. After the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, communities demanded to know that their government was ready in the event of another attack on the Federal, state and local level. They want to see concrete plans to handle such an event and a massive effort to assure that this does not happen again. Terrorism is unique from other disasters from an Emergency Response Perspective as it can take on many unpredictable forms. The following research will examine the role of the local fire department in responding to and planning for terrorist attacks."

Tags:terrorism, september, 11th, 911, 9/11, fire, emergency, response, perspective

Abstract
This paper relates that the main objectives of the new HR department of a modern business is to maintain a qualified workforce, attract and retain the best employee and build a work environment in which the worker thrives and grows. The author points out that HR departments are increasingly realizing the need to review succession planning in the organization to ensure that critical positions in the organization always have trained and knowledgeable employees undertaking the task. The paper relates that the implementation of new ideas and evaluations of worker feedback can help make the organization more productive and efficient; HR departments are able to channel this information back to the functional departments where they can create the best results.

Table of Contents
Introduction
Discussion
Human Resource Planning, Recruitment and Selection
Human Resource Development
Compensation and Benefits and Worker Performance
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The culture of the organization is also an important aspect that the HR department needs to understand. Ensuring that the culture and the work ethics of the workers selected for the company understand and fit together well is important. Human relationships especially in the work place are complex and the dynamic that exist between worker and management or between worker and another worker cannot be easily compartmentalized and segregated by the manager overseeing the operations in the organization. "

Tags:qualified, retain, environment, succession, feedback