Abstract
This paper discusses the philosophy of ethics. It discusses the difference between moral philosophy and ethics and the origins of their meanings. The paper briefly compares deontological ethics and consequential ethics- it considers the nature of these theories separately and then contrasts them. Finally, the paper acknowledges that the consequential ethical theory has many flaws, but argues that such flaws should not overcome the positive aspects of the Consequentialist theory.

From the Paper
"The opposition between Deontological and Consequential ethic theories rests upon the values that they ascribe to different portions of the act. While Deontological theories rely upon the motivations behind the act, and belittle the consequences of the act, Consequential ethics gives value only to the end results of the action. The latter theory has obvious importance in an age where the consequences of actions are the most easily noted by the media; here consequences are definitely given weight over means. At the time of writing, in England controversy surrounds the shooting dead of an innocent man by law enforcement officers: they believed they were doing so in order to prevent a terrorist act. The Deontological theorist might suggest that they were morally wrong for sacrificing the right of one for the benefit of many; but no-one is currently insisting that their motives were wrong."

Tags:morality, society, conduct, behavior, belief, codes, duty

Abstract
The paper considers deontological ethics, utilitarian ethics and virtue ethics, including the major thinkers of each and how each approach is applied in the workplace.

From the Paper
"The phrase the means justifies the ends is a direct reference to utilitarianism ethics. In this approach to ethics which was developed largely by Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, actions are judged within the ethical framework of what action results in the greatest good to the greatest number of people. Utilitarianism is used in the business and economic realms to determine and compare the possible outcomes of alternative courses of action. Utilitarianism can..."

Tags:ethics, deontological ethics, utilitarian ethics, virtue ethics

Abstract
The paper examines deontological (doing the right thing because it is the right thing to do) and teleological (doing something because it will satisfy some greater good or morally-appealing final outcome) ethics with context of police work - mostly with the aim of showing the destructive effects which inevitably arise when teleological ethics are employed in police work instead of deontological ethics. The paper argues that, while perfectly understandable, the idea that those who are entrusted with "serving and protecting" the public have the prerogative to act immorally as part of their efforts to secure the apprehension of dangerous criminals is simply wrong-headed. The writer contends that using immoral means to arrive at a desired moral end is not an irresolvable problem because it should be evident that immoral police conduct will heighten public cynicism/resentment towards the police, will lead to court intervention, and will make the job of policing vastly more difficult than it already is; it will also encourage the very sort of "blue wall" that has been sharply denounced in the past. The paper concludes that the idea that teleological ethics is defensible in policing - save, perhaps, in extreme instances wherein an officer's life is in clear danger - is not one that stands up to scrutiny.

From the Paper
"The following paper will examine deontological (doing the right thing because it is the right thing to do) and teleological (doing something because it will satisfy some greater good or morally-appealing final outcome) ethics with context of police work - mostly with the aim of showing the destructive effects which inevitably arise when teleological ethics are employed in police work instead of deontological ethics. The paper will argue that, while perfectly understandable, the idea that those who are entrusted with "serving and protecting" the public have the prerogative to act immorally as part of their efforts to secure the..."

Tags:ethics, end, means

Abstract
This paper looks at Kant's use of deontological ethics - moral obligation, or duties that a person must perform to lead a peaceful existence. The author discusses the law of Traditional Duty Theory and problems with the theory.

From the Paper
"All duties to others are the most basic since this must follows the mandate of natural law that we are to be sociable. Towards God, we have a theoretical duty to know the existence and nature of God and a practical duty to worship God, both internally and externally.
Towards ourselves, we have duties of the soul which means developing one's skills and talents and duties of the body which means not neglecting our bodies through gluttony or drunkenness and not killing oneself.

Concerning duties towards others these are divided into absolute duties which are binding on people and conditional duties which are the result of contract between people. Absolute duties should be to avoid wronging others, treating people as equals and promoting the good of others. First of the rules is to keep one's promises."

Tags:deontology, moral, traditional, duty, theory, autonomy

Abstract
The paper reveals that when the combustibility of the Pinto's engine was discovered, Ford's executives made the utilitarian decision that making the car as inexpensive as possible was of the greatest priority for shareholders, and this would come at the expense of a more expensive, safer design. The paper highlights how Ford put its moral priority on profits, not people's lives and uses Kantian deontological ethics to show how this decision was clearly unethical. The paper then shows that even in utilitarian ethical calculations, Ford's costly payments to victims' families made Ford's actions 'wrong' in terms of a corporate profitability analysis.

From the Paper
"In 1971, the Ford Motor Company was making a new car, called the Pinto, which was supposed to offer low-cost transportation to the American public. Creating a vehicle that could be sold at the cheapest possible price was of primary importance to the vehicle's manufacturer. The car's designers clearly skimped on safety, and when the combustibility of the engine was discovered, the company executives made a chilling, utilitarian decision. It was deemed that making the car as inexpensively as possible was of the greatest priority, as this would result in more profits and more sales. Using a safer design "which would decrease the possibility of the Ford Pinto from exploding" would increase the cost of the vehicle to the company and potentially impact demand, given the likely consumer profile of a Pinto buyer (Leggett 1999).
"The reformulated design would have cost a measly $11 per car, and the company's own projected analysis indicated that the new design would result in 180 fewer driver deaths (Leggett 1999). But the Ford Company later defended itself on the grounds that it used the accepted cost benefit analysis for a corporation to determine if the monetary costs of making the change were greater than the societal benefits accorded by the additional expenses."

Tags:profitability, shareholders, victims, negligence

Abstract
This paper analyzes two cases of workplace ethical dilemmas in the context of four major ethical systems, or, categories - deontological ethics, teleological ethics, rights-based ethics and human-nature ethics. The paper provides a brief overview of the two cases and evaluates each scenario from the point of view of each of the four ethical systems.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Analysis of the Two Cases
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Regarding the second case, the major problem here is the fact that an employee got involved in a decision to fire his co-worker, and thus he might have violated the ethical boundaries of his role in the company. However, his participation in the firing process can be completely justified according to the teleological and human-nature based ethical perspectives. Thus, the results of his involvement were positive (the co-worker, after all, was found guilty and thus fired justly), and his involvement with management might have increased his status in the eyes of his co-workers (which his desirable and ethical according to ethics of egoism). However, the particular employee's behavior can be judged as immoral based on deontological and rights-based ethical systems. In the first case, the employee failed the test of Kant's categorical imperative (Pollock, 2006, p.29), and, in the second case, he failed to stay within the limits of company's employee hierarchy, which can be interpreted as a type of the above-explained societal/workplace norm system."

Tags:deontological, teleological, rights, human-nature

Abstract
This paper presents a case study of an employee who was asked to resign after she hired an investigator to collect information and find out who was leaking important company information. The paper discusses whether it was correct to ask her to resign even though she had the company's best interest at heart. The case is examined according to a deontological and utilitarian framework.

Tableof Contents:
The Case Outline
Deontological
Utilitarian
Why is it a Legal Issue?

From the Paper
"The law sides with the victim and hence no matter how Dunn tried to explain it, she couldn't possibly prove that it was all legal. This was an illegal activity which is punishable by law and hence she was asked to resign. We may argue that since the action itself was wrong but intention was good, Dunn could be excused. But that is not how law sees it. The law is concerned with the means and not exactly the intention in mind. Dunn should have been more mindful of the legalities involved with such actions. It is strange that a woman at her position was not aware of the laws."

Tags:investigator, deontological, utilitarian

Abstract
This paper discusses how, in order for virtue ethics to be considered a viable normative theory, we must distance ourselves from the prevailing notion that virtue ethics is in conflict with normative ethics. In order to accomplish this, the paper disproves the notion that virtue ethics is considered antithetical to normative ethics. The paper also examines how a study of normative ethics in its present form provides greater understanding of the rational framework by which to integrate these two supposedly oppositional ethical tenets to create an effective model of ethics for today's world.

From the Paper
"The only unquestionable or objective truth of virtue ethics is the action itself. How one chooses to judge that physical act in the isolated event of that act is up to the beholder, but the occurrence of the actual act itself is inarguable. If a man raises his hand, all will see him raise his hand. The moral value of that hand-raising determines the extent to which hand raising is appropriate, as a subjective opinion. The relative morality of the act will differ in perception according to the subjective opinion of each person that sees the man raise his hand. However, no one will argue that the main did raise his hand, no matter how disparate the subjective opinions of that man's action are. They will only argue the general moral value of that action thereof. "

Tags:deontological, consequentialism, morality

Abstract
The paper relates that the results of the ethics awareness inventory analysis indicate that there is a tendency to focus on people's actions based upon obligations and what is morally right. The inventory also indicates that this moral behavior is more important that the results that are desired or achieved. Additionally, the paper notes that according to the inventory, the philosophy related to ethics that is identified with to the greatest degree is deontological theory supported by Immanuel Kant and John Rawls. The paper explains that the strongest issue associated with ethical thinking that is connected to this philosophy is that individuals are rigid in their thinking and have a difficult time accepting behaviors that are not ethically sound, regardless of the organizational goals that must be met. The paper further explains that according to the inventory, when this type of conflict occurs, the individual has a difficult time functioning within the organization and this may lead to adverse outcomes in the workplace. The paper notes that this type of ethical thinking has evolved over the course of time in relation to the world and a consistently declining attitude toward humanity in decision-making.

From the Paper
"The results of the ethics awareness inventory analysis indicate that there is a tendency to focus on people's actions based upon obligations and what is morally right. The inventory also indicates that this moral behavior is more important that the results that are desired or achieved. Additionally, according to the inventory the philosophy related to ethics that is identified with to the greatest degree is deontological theory supported by Immanuel Kant and John Rawls. The strongest issue associated with ethical thinking that is connected to this philosophy is that individuals are rigid in their thinking and have a difficult time..."

Tags:ethics, awareness, inventory

Abstract
The paper discusses both the deontological viewpoint that Mr. Rodriguez's use of steroids is not harmful in terms of public safety and so his right to privacy should therefore be respected, as well as the utilitarian viewpoint that the concept of public safety is much wider than simply the physical safety of citizens; it also concerns their psychological well-being, and particularly those of young children. The paper discusses the arguments that by using drugs, Rodriguez is indirectly disadvantaging other players on the field, and the image of the sport itself suffers by means of such actions. This writer reaches the conclusion that Rodriguez should be banned from baseball, since disciplinary action will create a precedent of due punishment for disregarding basic ethics and will show young people that unethical actions have unpleasant consequences. However, the writer asserts that since baseball will suffer a loss from banning Rodriguez permanently, he should be banned only for a limited time.

From the Paper
"In a recent conference with the press (Inman, 2009), Alex, or A-Rod as he has also been dubbed, attempts to explain his behavior on the grounds of youth and stupidity. However, as the author legitimately states, it is difficult to trust the star's sincerity or indeed the validity of his claims. One might ask the question - how long can a person remain "young and stupid" when performance-enhancing drug laws are available worldwide and when continuous highlights of abuse and banning in the press make it an everyday issue. Surely even the young and the ignorant are not so unaware that they would simply take what is offered them without investigating the issue. Apparently this is what Mr. Rodriguez did, according to his own claims.
"From an ethical viewpoint, sports professionals that engage in drug use, such as Mr. Rodriguez, appear to fail in the understanding that they operate among human beings who are affected by their actions. From a deontological viewpoint, however, the claim is often that Mr. Rodriguez's use of steroids is not harmful in terms of public safety, and that his right to privacy in the matter should therefore be respected. This viewpoint holds that Alex should have the right to use steroids if this is what furthers his own career and performance. And indeed, according to his own assertions, this is precisely what he had been doing. A-Rod has a long career that is littered by instances of steroid use, although he is vague about exactly when and where he began this practice. If the privacy viewpoint is indeed valid, Rodriguez should not have been required to display his wrongdoing in front of the press."

Tags:steroids, doping, deontology, utilitarianism