Abstract
The paper discusses how Jean de La Lafontaine's fables take on a new perspective that makes them applicable to late 17th century French society. The paper analyzes his fables and shows how Lafontaine is particularly outspoken about certain elements of French society, such as the bourgeoisie class, while he often addresses the poor. The paper identifies his purpose in writing as well as the central themes in the stories. The paper therefore demonstrates how Lafontaine's animal characters are metaphors for French society and its class structure during the second half of the 17th century.

Outline:
Lafontaine and French Social Class
Messages to the Poor and Purpose in Writing
Comparison and Contrast

From the Paper
"Lafontaine version of Aesop's Fables marks a valuable literary contribution for several reasons. The first is that it helped to preserve a body of work that may have otherwise fallen into the cracks of history to be forgotten. The second is that he "modernized" the originals to reflect modern French society and thought at the time. The fables still teach important moral lessons, but they have a new perspective that makes them more applicable to late 17th century French society. Lafontaine was only one of many that re-wrote the original Aesop's fables for their time period."

Tags:classes, wealthy, bourgeoisie

Abstract
This paper examines the way the second Klan movement captured political power in urban centers in the South and the North as portrayed in Kenneth T. Jackson's book, "The Ku Klux Klan in the City, 1915-1930". The book dispels many of the stereotypes of the Klan as a rural, Southern movement. The author points out that as the Klan grew in prominence it moved into new areas. In the South, it moved into areas such as Knoxville and Dallas. In the North, it expanded into Chicago, Detroit, and Indianapolis, a city which became the center of Klan activity. The Klan also moved west into California, Portland, and Denver. The paper states that, according to Jackson, the Klan's weakness in the political sphere can be largely attributed to its association with racism and intolerance because the Klan found ample opportunity to denounce Catholicism, integration, Judaism, immigration and internationalism as threats to traditional American values.

From the Paper
"The Ku Klux Klan had a number of strengths and weaknesses in the political sphere. In the south, the Klan held a fair amount of power, even from the late 1910s, and many of its actions were public. In 1918 the Klan played a role in stopping a strike in the shipyards of Mobile by abducting a labor leader and threatening others. A similar scene played out in Birmingham at about the same time. The Klan's defiant stance against criminal elements in Birmingham carried a great deal of political clout in the south. In Nashville, a local police chief advised authorities to start a Klavern in order to help reduce crime in the area. The Klan even participated in a confederate reunion in Atlanta."

Tags:extralegal, power, urban, indianapolis, patriotism

Abstract
This paper provides a look at three of Kate Chopin's short stories "The Story of an Hour", "Desiree's Baby" and "The Storm" and how they outline and denounce the gender and racial oppression of the 1800's.

From the Paper
"It is nearly universally understood that American author Kate Chopin's views on women and womanhood were at the least progressive for their time on the national political scope and at their greatest even a bit radical."

Tags:kate chopin, race, gender, short stories

Abstract
The paper explains how the Holocaust denial theory is unique in that it forces its proponents to denounce a veritable monolith of hard evidence that runs contrary to its central claims. The five primary pillars of Holocaust denial theory are explored and ultimately discarded amidst a convergence of evidence that the Holocaust did, tragically, take place.

From the Paper
"There is a burden of proof that every historian must bear and it is in many respects one's ability to authenticate an historical event with hard data and incontrovertible fact that will validate one's analysis of the past. Old Testament accounts, for example, often at times discuss characters and events that are only to be found in the Old Testament itself. Archaeology has done little to verify claims that, for instance, men such as Solomon or Abraham ever actually existed."

Tags:Holocaust denial theory, Nazi Germany, Adolph Hitler, The Holocaust, Anti-Defamation League, Jewish Defense League

Abstract
This paper explains that Graham Greene?s ?The Quiet American? and Andre Malraux?s ?Man?s Fate?, both novels, take different positions against communism. The author points out that, although highlighting the positive side of communist principles and criticizing the capitalist beliefs harbored by ?naive? Americans, the primary goal of Greene?s book is to denounce the U.S.?s so-called peace initiative in Vietnam. The paper relates that, on the other hand, Andre Malraux believed that only communism could save the poor from exploitation by the Nationalist groups in China.

From the Paper
"In Greene's book, the central characters Pyle and Fowler are symbolical representatives of their respective countries? policies. Pyle is young and full of naivet? just like America, while Fowler is more or less impartial like Britain as Mr. Heng once says, ?Mr. Fowler, you are English. You are neutral. You have been fair to all of us.? Pyle is neither so neutral nor so fair in his assessment of Vietnamese politics. Like American leaders, he innocently believes that a "Third Force" can resolve important Vietnamese political issues. However, it is important to understand that author has used innocence as a synonym for ignorance here."

Tags:china, vietname, capitalist, goal, exploitation

Abstract
This paper will compare the novels the "Story of O" by Pauline Reage and "Philosophy in the Bedroom" by Marquis De Sade. By examining nature's role in morality in relation to God, we can see philosophical arguments that denounce societal immorality in principle.

Abstract
This paper re-examines Plato's "Republic X" as it attempts to denounce the poets from Plato's "perfect" republic. It argues for the expulsion of poetry that is not of lyric or historical importance and in doing so attacks some of the very important ideals that modern poetry is founded upon. The paper takes Plato's arguments that the poet does not actually "create" in his craft and is therefore, basically, a liar, and attempts to further this argument by using quotes from James and Wordsworth in an attempt to re-argue Plato's point.

From the Paper
"In the Republic, Book X, Socrates, through the pen of his brilliant pupil Plato, argues for "our refusal to admit the imitative kind of poetry, for it certainly ought not to be received." (p. 21) However, although Plato is widely regarded as a man of unquestioned genius, and his Republic a work of infinite possibility, this single phrase that sums the whole of the tenth book up has become the topic of heated debate in western literary criticism."

Tags:classics, henry, james, poetics, real, socrates, truth, wordsworth

Abstract
This paper examines Alice Walker's "The Color Purple", a confessional and uninhibited look at the life of Celie, a poor, black woman in the Deep South. It discusses how Celie's life is a complicated story of both community and individuality and how as a woman, she is surrounded by societal expectations and traditional gender scriptings. It shows how the story is a contrast between the traditional gender roles and while some characters embody certain behaviors and attitudes indicative of their sex, others denounce the long-holding patriarchy defining sexism and gender interactions. It evaluates how, in developing each of her characters throughout the novel, Walker overtly specifies how each does not meet the conventional mold.

From the Paper
"As the bonds between Celie and Sofia grow following their original clash, Walker introduces another female character. This time, the semi-famous former lover of Mr.____ comes to stay at their household while she recuperates from a grave illness. At first, Shug Avery is hateful towards Celie. She mocks her good intentions, orders her around, and calls her ugly. Yet Celie feels nothing but awestruck towards this woman. Celie also begins to have conflicting erotic feelings for Shug; feelings she does not understand when seeing Shug naked and giving her a bath. The course of this relationship drives towards lesbianism. "

Tags:patriarchy, racism, rape, relationships, sexism

Abstract
It will be argued that the assumptions of Western feminist theory and practice - constructed within a Western social and cultural environment - are not directly applicable to the Iranian social and cultural milieu. However, it must be understood that this essay will not assume a "cultural relativist" position with respect to the discussion of the role of women and feminism in contemporary Iran. As will be seen, despite a history of feminist activism in Iran under the Shah, and the contribution of Iranian women to the Islamic Revolution, organized feminism in Iran today has been systematically crushed by the conservative Islamic authorities. It will be argued that contrary to official Iranian propaganda - supported by some Iranian feminists who have been pressured to denounce Western feminism(s), as well as by some Western "relativist" feminists - women have been politically, socially and economically marginalized in Iranian society. However, Iranian women have "improvised" in the face of this oppression; creating new roles for themselves that use the Iranian family unit as the basis for their enterprises. The Iranian family, as will be shown, is key to understanding the role of women in modern Iran.

Abstract
This paper looks at how the Mormon Church will probably always be identified with the practice of plural marriages, even though it has not condoned the practice since 1890. It looks at how it was accepted by the church and the political, economic, and other factors in the decision to allow plural marriages. It discusses how the future promises to systematically separate the automatic assumption that Mormonism equals multiple wives and how the church will continue to denounce the practice and how the government will continue to place those who practice it in violation of state laws and Mormon doctrine.

From the Paper
"Many of the early figures in the Bible had more than one wife, and in the beginning Mormons looked to the Bible as a source of inspiration for their belief in the practice of polygamy (Nearly, 2000). But Mormons banned polygamy in the 1890s, and it is against the law in Utah, a state founded by Mormons(Nearly, 2000). Despite that, polygamy still persists there and in some other states(Nearly, 2000). Utah has not aggressively prosecuted polygamists, in part because polygamy is so much a part of Mormon history. Now, a case pending in a Utah court is bringing renewed attention to an old tradition(Nearly, 2000). Last week, Tom Green, who considers himself to be a fundamentalist Mormon, was ordered to stand trial on four counts of bigamy(Nearly, 2000)."

Tags:multiple, wives, government, latter, day, saints