Abstract
This paper reviews the biography of Deng Xiaoping, Mao Zedong's successor, as the leader of Communist China. Its main focus is on the differences between Deng and Mao, especially Deng's reforms which began China's move towards free enterprise.

From the Paper
"Richard Evan's biography on Mao Zedong's successor as the paramount leader of the People's Republic of China is a critical evaluation of Deng Xiaoping's political career in the Chinese Communist Party. Mostly just telling the story of his life as it is (based on facts obtained from previous books on China and the CCP, government sources, and interviews with communist officials), Evans' own opinions inevitably come out in the narrative. Throughout the book, Evans indirectly declares his admiration for Deng Xiaoping. He especially praises his contributions to the Chinese economy and living standards, and to China's current standing in the international political arena. Evans also compares Deng to Mao Zedong on several points, in each case revealing Deng's contrast to be the better side (which contributed to Deng's greater popularity over Mao's once Deng had been in charge for a short while). This contrast of personalities and beliefs is to me the strongest message which this book proclaims."

Tags:asia, communism, enterprise, free, leader, mao, reform, tse, tung, zedong, modern, china, richard, evans, deng, ziaoping

Abstract
An examination of the differences between Mao Zedong's policies and Deng Xiopang's policies and their implications for modern China.

From the Paper
"The 19th century was undoubtedly a time of great instability and change in China. There are various leaders whose policies have had a long lasting effect upon the country that has extended into the 21st century. Most notable of these leaders are Mao Zedong and Deng Xiaoping, both members of the Communist party who were often at odds and who implemented sweeping policy changes in China that have continued to steer the country's direction."

Tags:Mao Zedong, Deng Xioaping, Communism, China, The Great Leap Forward, The Four Reforms, The Cultural Revolution

Abstract
This paper discusses the Spring 1992 visit of Deng Xiaoping to southern China, otherwise known as Nanxun. To fully grasp the significance of Nanxun, the paper considers the state of economic reforms that took place prior to 1992, the political state of China in the years just prior to 1992 and the resulting developments following Nanxun. The paper outlines the events that led up to and followed Nanxun, making use of the many famous speeches that were given by Deng and other leaders. The paper contends that classes that teach 'Deng Xiaoping Theory' continue to use these speeches that provide ideological and cultural insight.
Table of Contents
I. Introduction
II. A Note on Deng
Deng the Pragmatist
III. The Pre-Nanxun Years (1989 - 1992)
IV. Nanxun Excerpts From Talks Given In Wuchang, Shenzhen, Zhuhai, and Shanghai, January 18 -February 21, 1992
V. Post Nanxun (1992 - )
The Numbers
A Yet to be Delivered of Nanxun
VI. Conclusion
References

From the Paper
"In the last 25 years China has experienced explosive growth brought about by major sweeping economic reforms and opening up. Nonetheless, this reform process has been recognized by experts as a 'gradual' opening up. This gradual opening up has been characterized by many different stages of which most can be accredited to China's then helmsman Deng Xiaoping. In studying this 25 year period, there is one year that demarks a crucial link in China's continued economic reform and opening up since 1978. This link is the spring 1992 visit of Deng Xiaoping to southern China, otherwise known as Nanxun. During this tour, Deng delivered several important speeches that boldly called for further economic reform and dismissed leftist ideology and conservative thinking at that time that threatened continued reform. Despite many heated ideological debates at that time, Deng's arguments and ideas would later triumph and pave the way for China's further development and successes."

Tags:nanxun, economy, asia, reform

Abstract
In this paper, I discuss Deng Xiaoping, who ruled China from 1978 until 1990 and died in 1997. I discuss his early rise to power as a Communist follower of Mao Zedong, then I discuss how he had critical differences from Mao when he came to power. I then discuss how he implemented these differences by adopting Capitalist reforms to revive China economy, which suffered greatly because of Mao's attempts to collectivize farms and plan China's entire economy. I also indicate how Deng's legacy is mixed, since he ruthlessly squelched opposition to many of the pro-democratic forces which became more vocal as a result of his own policies.

Abstract
This paper examines how Deng Xiaping started China's economic reforms in 1978 with the announcement of the "Open Door Policy" and how, prior to the introduction of the new policy, China had followed the radical, centrally directed economic policies of Mao that emphasized self-reliance and closed its door to trade with foreign countries. It also looks at the roles of Deng Xiaping, Jiang Zeminand and Hu Jintao's three generations of Chinese leadership in China's political economy, the achievements has China made since then and the main problems with today's Chinese political economy.

Outline
Deng Xiaoping's Economic Reforms
Achievements by China Since the Initiation of Economic Reforms
Major Problems in Today's Chinese Political Economy
Why China is Not a Democracy Yet
Evaluation of the Roles of Deng, Jiang and Hu in China's Political Economy

From the Paper
"Despite considerable economic gains made by China in the post-1978 period, it is still faced with a number of serious politico-economic problems. Corruption and other economic crimes have proliferated in China as it has moved towards a market-oriented economy. Unemployment, though not too high in terms of percentages (3% according to official figures ), translates into more than 20 million unemployed workers due to the large Chinese population. ("Economic Overview" Country Watch) In addition to the unemployed, it is estimated that 50 to 100 million surplus rural workers are adrift between the villages and the cities, barely surviving through part-time, low-paying jobs. There is a growing trend of inter-regional and urban-rural inequality with the rural areas and areas away from the booming coastal regions, falling significantly behind. Despite efforts at reforming state owned organizations and the closure of a number of loss-making industries, over half of China's large state-owned enterprises are still making losses."

Tags:mao, unemployment, jiang, zeminand, hu, jintao

Abstract
The paper examines global issues and presents a book report on the book "Chen Village Under Mao and Deng." The book report includes an examination of the authors, objectives, a summary, a look at methodology and the sources that were used. The paper also includes an evaluation section that is basically in favour of the book.

From the Paper
"The effects of revolutionary activities on isolated communities have always been of interest to anthropologists and sociologists. This is precisely the issue examined in "Chen Village Under Mao and Deng." The authors of this work, Anita Chan, Richard Madesn and Jonathan Unger are all sociologists associated with Universities in Australia and the United States (Chan et al). The fact that the book is written as a sociological work is not surprising considering that it was written by three sociologists. The sociological style of the book also means that it does not have a clearly defined thesis. Instead the book is more of a general exploration of life in Chen village over the early 1960s to 1990."

Tags:chen, village, china

Abstract
This paper begins with a synopsis of the first millennium of Chinese history and the rise of Mao Tse Tung to power. It traces the childhood and early history of this communist leader and explains his take on Marxist and Communist ideology. The paper then turns to discuss the first phase of Chinese political and economic development (1952 to 1957) and Mao's economic policy. The era of the "Great Leap Forward" is explored and the 1959-60 famine is brought up as Mao's first failure. The paper looks at the involvement of Deng in China's leadership before and after the death of Mao Tse Tung and at Mao's status as a visible icon throughout China. His aims and involvement in the Cultural Revolution of 1966 are studied and the differences between Mao's and his successor, Deng's leadership are raised. The paper concludes by evaluating and comparing the relative successes of these two leaders.

From the Paper
"Though both were dedicated to the communist ideology, as each had their time at the helm as Emperors in their own right. Mao Tse Tung was the high priest of Chinese communism, charismatic, energetic, calculating, and a true personal power. Mao led ideologically with great slogans and focused on what should be rather than what was, he actively shunned the West, and maintained an archaic absolutism based upon a cult of personality that resulted in the failures of the Great Leap Forward, the Famine of 1959-1960, and eventually to the Cultural Revolution. It is the purpose of this paper to examine the impact of Mao Tse Tung's ideology upon the form and function of China."

Tags:childhood, ideology, economic, policy, Great, Leap, Forward, famine, Deng, icon, Cultural, Revolution, leadership, comparison

Abstract
This paper discusses how, since Deng Xiaoping began to open the Chinese economy is the late 1970s, there have been substantial changes in China's demographics and how these changes have both helped to support China's economic growth but have also presented Chinese authorities with significant challenges as well. The paper looks at China's changing demography and its impact on on the changing economy. The paper also discusses how inferences can be made as to the impacts that demographic changes have had on Chinese economic development, both in the rural and urban sectors.

Outline:
Introduction
Major Demographic Shifts
Underlying Reasons
Impact on Rural Economies
Impact on Urban Economies
Impact on Employment
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The rapid growth of the Chinese economy resulted in a low rate of urban unemployment. The One Child Policy encouraged China's young workers, males in particular, to increase their employment income for a number of reasons. One was that they were destined to be the sole provider of support for their parents in old age. Another is that if they were destined to only have one child of their own, they needed to build retirement savings. Lastly, the gender gap has meant that males need to engage in more intense competition for females. As a result, money has become a more important means of attracting females (Wei, 2009). These different factors combined to push more rural Chinese into the cities in search of better work. This in turn kept the cost of labor down, fueling intense economic growth that kept the unemployment rate in urban areas down. Even with the recent economic downturn, official unemployment rates for urban China were at just 4.2% for the fourth quarter of 2008, up from 4.0% in the previous quarter (Xinhua, 2009). These official figures have never fluctuated too much, although they were significantly higher in the late 1970s when economic modernization began, between 5-6% (Giles et al., 2004). It should be noted that the official unemployment rates belie the reality of China's economy, which features tens of millions of "floating labor" that moves from province to province following the work. "

Tags:One, Child, Policy, Deng, Xiaoping

Abstract
This document discusses China's current economic success and expansion from the perspective of its historical continuity and identity. The writer contends that the early consolidation of China under the Emperor Huangdi is the initial shift that provides the foundation for the national and cultural consistency that supports business enterprise in the market. Additionally, the writer discusses that structural economic and social reforms instituted under Deng Xiaoping are utilized as part of this evolutionary development that allows China to effectively leverage its labor force as a competitive advantage to dominate manufacturing and trade. The writer concludes that China's historical past relevant to its unification ensured that it would develop the strong national identity required to support a market economy that could leverage its workforce to gain competitive advantage.

Outline:
Abstract
Introduction & Aim
Historical Foundations
Reform Era
Current Economic Growth
Conclusion

From the Paper
" This research project examines the current economic and professional success both at a national levels as well as a global level within the context of its historical past and its evolutionary development as a nation. It is argued that China's early unification under a single Emperor during the 3rd century B.C. laid the foundation for national and cultural unity which provides much of the necessary social continuity for the country's current economic success. Additionally, the reforms implemented by Deng Xiaoping are seen as the requisite structural changes which China needed to institute if it were going to successfully navigate the global economy and integrate itself within the international trade framework. Finally, the economic expansion that China is currently experiencing is touched upon as a result of these historical and structural advancements and the social factors of Chinese society are as a key component of Chinese enterprise now and in the future."

Tags:enterprise, Emperor, trade, Deng, Xiaoping

Abstract
This paper looks closely at the economic management during the eras of Mao, Deng Xiaoping and the more recent reforms. The paper analyzes the successes and failures of the different reforms and argues that better control over economic actors and the installation of a robust legal system will break the bottlenecks and allow China to continue to grow its economy.

Outline:
Introduction
Mao
Post-1978
Further Reforms
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Emboldened by the modest successes of the first Five Year Plan, Mao then launched into the Great Leap Forward. The underlying principle of the Great Leap was that steel production was the key to economic growth. Targets were set - China was to overtake Britain in steel production within fifteen years. Peasants were conscripted to make steel in their villages with coke ovens, and had quotas to fill. They smelted down everything, eventually including farm implements. This, of course, did not yield steel, which cannot be produced in such a crude fashion. The peasants, unable to grow and having what little crops they did produce hauled away to the cities, died by the million. The Chinese government accelerated the objectives - the 15 year objective was shortened to one (Harms, 1996)."

Tags:Great, Leap, Forward, Five, Year, Plan, Deng, Xiaoping, Communism, corruption