Abstract This paper looks at the way feminist issues are put forward and portrayed in this American literary classic. It discusses the characters of the two leading women, one a confident alcoholic, the other a servile wife. It shows the different ways they act to get their feelings and opinions across and talks about the author's subtle way of making readers question women's equality.
From the paper;
"For one to understand the machinations of the women in Lillian Hellman's classic play The Little Foxes, one must have a cursory understanding of Hellman herself. The inspiration for the play was her life. She based the play's characters on members of her mother's family, the Newhouses. Like the Hubbards, the Newhouse family became wealthy around the turn of the century through exploitive business enterprises in the South. Hellman's grandmother Sophie Newhouse, who must have been one tough lady, is represented in the character of Regina. Hellman's mother, Julia Newhouse, appears as the gentle, helpless Birdie (www.seasidemusictheater.org). Thus, Hellman, a woman of enormous contradictions, explores her own psyche, her concern for morality and women's issues in the character depictions of Regina and Birdie."
Tags: repression, domination, assertiveness, demoralization, feminism, women, rights
Abstract The following paper examines Japanese actions during World War II, focusing specifically on the Nanking Massacre, an attempt to dominate China quickly by demoralizing and destroying the population of China's capitol. The writer discusses the economic and political goals of this action and he also examines how not all of Japanese society has been comfortable with acknowledging this part of their history.
From the Paper "After World War II, Japan's economic needs still required raw materials only available from other countries, and they continued to look to China as the source. This economic reality was complicated by the post World War II politics regarding China, which was now split into two countries: the Republic of China, now in exile on the island of Taiwan, and the Communist People's Republic of China on the mainland. While Japan needed good relations with The People's Republic of China because of the need to trade with them, the post World War II sentiment among most of the dominant powers was that the Communist government was not legitimate, should not be recognized, and should not be encouraged in any way."
Abstract The paper discusses the pros and cons of sports gambling, the problems with the betting - such as players receiving gifts from betting agents and the demoralization of the players and the game. The paper also studies the effect of sports betting on the economy.
From the Paper "Gambling and betting on sports can be traced back to the Greeks and Roman days, if not before. Risk is the essence of sports, and so is gambling. So it isn?t surprising to find the two hand in hand. But there are loud cries from politicians to pass bills against sport betting. The motivation for the bill can be traced to the Conservative Right and you can trace their thinking all the way back to the colonial period and the Puritans who tried to forbid gambling in New England. "The arguments we"re hearing in 2001 are exactly what moral leaders argued about in 1700? "
Abstract This extensive paper reviews the well researched book by Chalmers Johnson, ?Blowback: The Cost and Consequences of American Empire,? in its investigation for the reason for the recent terrorist attacks against America citizens worldwide. It explorers the international policy of the United States since the post World War II era, and the tactics of the Pentagon and the CIA in controlling the internal affairs of other nations. The paper believes that American should change its dominating policies, by not demoralizing other nations and demobilizing the United States forces, which would lessen the deep resentment against its growing influence and imperialistic rule in other countries most noticeably, Middle Eastern and Asian regions.
From the Paper "To most Americans, it is not clear why they are being targeted around the world by terrorists and what have they done to arose such hatred and antagonism. They consider themselves innocent harmless human beings who happen to be the citizens of world's most powerful country. So what exactly is wrong with that, why is their nationality causing huge problems for them. These are some of the important questions popping up in the minds of millions of Americans residing in all parts of the world. Many have tried to answer them but few have done with the precision and depth of Chalmers Johnson. His highly well researched book, "Blowback: The Cost and Consequences of American Empire" focuses on American political and military policies which have caused problems for its citizens around the world. Terrorist attacks against Americans are rising but few have tried to explore the root causes of this. Johnson carefully explains that the primary cause of rising tension between America and the rest of the world is rooted in the former's policies. It is important to keep one important thing in mind. Though there are similar books available on the subject but their objective is different from that of Johnson"s. They mainly try to denounce American policies and show how they are leading to worldwide conflict, but this is the not the sole purpose of Johnson's research. Johnson maintains that America must seek to learn from its past mistakes in order to lessen the impact of its wrong policies. While on the surface, he may appear to be another leftist critics of government's policies, but the actual truth is that Johnson's purpose is anything but to instigate its enemies against the administration. He is though totally unsympathetic of CIA and Pentagon's actions, he feels that the best way to improve security conditions for America and its citizens is to target the root causes of this antagonism and hatred. He doesn"t intend to demoralize America but instead wants to show its government and people what they have been unable to see through their ill-informed rose-colored and often prejudiced glasses. The world is changing and the policies of other countries including South Korea and Japan are likely to affect America in the long run whether the government believes it or not. He believes not in demoralizing but in demobilizing of United States, which might lessen deep resentment against its growing influence and imperialistic rule in other countries most noticeably, Middle Eastern and Asian regions."
Abstract This paper examines how public space should be democratically organized to support communal usage from people in all walks of life and how today access to true public space has become a scarcity. It evaluates how people are more commonly flocking to quasi-public privatized spaces such as Universal's City Walk, which is representative of a typical sequestered quasi-public space. It looks at how it is surrounded by high fences, set high upon a hill, how visitors are required to follow strict guidelines and how their activity is monitored. It analyzes how the development of quasi-privatized spaces such as City Walk are more representative of a demoralizing and hierarchical society, where certain groups feel more privileged than others. It shows how by creating walled cities and gated communities, Americans are shutting themselves off and creating exclusive mini-communities, that have nothing to do with democracy and everything to do with exclusion.
From the Paper "The creation of such quasi-public spaces are actually much more representative of the increasing paranoia that exists throughout the nation in urban cities like LA. Universal's City Park was created for the purpose of expression of the ideas and desires of a small group of people, not representative of the community as a whole, inclusive in reality of vagabonds and the elite alike. Steven Flusty, in his work "Building Paranoia" also describes the Park as a ?Jittery Space.?
He describes this as "space that cannot be utilized unobserved due to active monitoring by roving patrols and/or remote technologies feeding to security stations." People entering City Walk are subject to constant monitoring, whether on the walkways, in the shops or by the fountains. "
A discussion of how the Chinese Government exercises authority on how its citizens use the internet, simultaneously restricting websites that are considered obscene or offensive to the government.
Abstract This paper examines how China would like to embrace the internet for the prosperity of its country while keeping their citizens safe from illegal material that could demoralize the society. It looks at how Chinese leaders are trying to make constructive usage of the Internet because they realize the profit wired economy can bring to their country and how they also feel that political discussions should not be openly accessible by their citizens or other countries since it can bring harm to the well being of their law and order situation. It looks at how the internet in China has been predominantly controlled by the authoritarian regimes and how officiating bodies are bent on filtering material and also have the users register online.
From the Paper "In China Playboy, CNN, BBC all have one thing in common, they have been blocked by the local ISPs. Even search engines like Google and AltaVista have become restricted sites. The Chinese government has blocked these sites because it finds them rebellious to their regime. The search engines have been blocked so that the citizens cannot access material that is anti-government and may threaten the ruling Communist Party. The Chinese government's does not approve of Google because it has the ability to allow the users to see cached websites. This ability allows the users to see archived sites that may have been deleted or blocked. However, Chinese people have their own way to get around this, they use Elgoog that is a site similar to Google and are not filtered. This site is written backward that is why it requires a mirror to be read. People can access Google by typing search queries backward in this site. The governments stand on blocking Alta Vista and Google have led the people to use domestic search engines that are approved by the communist government."
Abstract This paper argues that society should ban pornography from public distribution via hard copy or electronic means. It states that pornography has the potential to demoralize women, cause marital separation, psychologically influence children, and project sex as promiscuously OK. The paper defines pornography and then discusses how it has become so wide-spread.
From the Paper "Eroticism needs to be separated from the category of pornography in that it doesn?t depict any one character within the material sexually or otherwise emotional enjoying dominance over the other character(s). An erotic material may show genitalia of all sorts of the human anatomy, but may not be used to represent an object of exploitation. Erotic materials may be in the form of animations, still pictures, audio, or video format, where all objects are defined of being over the age of 18, during the commencement of recording. Erotic materials will be void of any foul, or derogatory language, as well as having the absence of any and all violence towards another object within the material while engaged in sexual acts. If such material presents an overwhelming example of artistic expression, and depicts such acts within the erotic material as educational, such material will be deemed legal and erotic."
Abstract This paper explains that an authoritarian military style of management of the police officers used in earlier days worked efficiently as the officers were unskilled, lower educated, and sometimes unethical. Police officers today are more educated and technically competent than they were in the past and require a different style of management. The author believes that the role officers can play in their own motivation is to want to improve and show cooperation with the administrators; the rest of the role in motivation still lies with the police administrators. The paper states that the major challenge in the motivation of police officers lies in reducing cynicism and motivating officers to perform better.
Table of Contents
Relationship between the Amount of Supervision and Control
Balance between Control and Motivation
The Case of Lt. Morse and an Accountability System
Officers Role in Creating a Motivating Environment
Does Motivation Only Come From Within?
Role Of Police Administrators in Motivation
Unique Issues within Police Organizations
From the Paper "As the two of the concerns are indirectly related, it is important for police supervisors to balance the increase in one with the increase in the other. The increasing level of supervision and accountability leaves officer demoralized if motivational measures are not taken up to balance the situation. It is very important that officers are motivated due to the nature of the job. Officers need to be constantly motivated to control crime on the streets. Inefficiencies of officers may trigger a wave of crime in the society. Thus, supervisors must employ various measures to sustain officer morale."
Abstract This paper argues that ?Lord of the Flies", which is no different from any other work that has been considered controversial throughout time, should not be censored nor should any other literary works. The author stresses that, just as Christian-themed works have the right to express their views of society and what is correct behavior so, too, should works like "Lord of the Flies" be permitted to express their sentiment freely. The paper relates that a theme of the book includes the notion that evil is a necessary part of human nature, which is considered by the censors to be demoralizing as it implies that a man is little more than an animal.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Overview of Censorship
Censorship and "Lord of the Flies"
Conclusions
From the Paper "Censorship is not a foreign concept in the world of literature. In fact, for centuries books have been banned at various points of society. There are many circumstances under which books might be banned. Censorship actually happens even in modern times. Censorship is generally inspired for a variety of reasons. In the case of the "Lord of the Flies" censorship is usually cited based on the notion that the book is violent and oppressive, goes against religious ideals and expresses the notion that man is by nature evil and savage."
Tags: limiting, violent, animal, christian, savage
Abstract This paper explains that the bi-partisan "No Child Left Behind" (NCLB) act of 2001 was designed to correct the problems of demoralized underpaid teachers, of dilapidated and unaccountable schools and of students who had been failed by the system. The author points out that the problems with NCLB noted frequently by educators are a significant failure rate, funding, fair consideration and accountability. This paper stresses that the federal government, the local schools and other influential parties should cooperate to correct the problems of the NCLB program or this program will be relegated to the pile of programs, which never worked and cost billions of dollars.
Table of Contents
A Problem in the System
Problem Context
Significance of the Problem
Issue 1: Significant Failure Rate
Issue 2: Funding
Issue 3: Fair Consideration for Students
Issue 4: Accountability and Enforceability
Literature Review
Proposed Solution, Including Rationale and Benefits
Recommendation 1: Funding Improvements
Recommendation 2: ELL Student Provisions
Recommendation 3: Assessment Reforms
Recommendation 4: Modifying Rewards
Specific Recommendations for Action
From the Paper "The NCLB act impacts national public schools and was designed to correct the failure of those schools to better serve the taxpayers that fund them. It is also targeted to help the neediest children because failure in the public schools affects a disproportionate number of minority and disadvantaged children which can doom them to poverty. Since literacy and academic scholarship are some of the most effective tools to escape poverty, allowing these students to remain at the mercy of failing schools was absolutely intolerable. Changes needed to be made that would assure students a chance at literacy and would provide them with the opportunity to compete against better performing schools. The bottom line was that the existing education system in many ways was simply broken and steps had to be taken to repair it. The action that was taken, NCLB, has resulted in several programs that reach into a number of areas that are sacrosanct to many in the current educational system."
Abstract While many historians consider the German invasion of Poland on September 1, 1939 the spark that ignited the inferno of World War II, the embers of global conflict had been smoldering unchecked for some time before then. This paper shows that, in many ways, the vindictive and pernicious demands set in place by the Treaty of Versailles on June 28, 1919, made a phoenix-like second coming of German forces bent on vindication and conquest almost inevitable. The paper explains that while German angst percolated, half way around the globe similar discord was brewing in the Pacific with the Japanese invasion of Manchuria in 1931, a blatant violation of previously signed non-aggression treaties by the major Asian countries. The paper shows that these two sparks, ignited by German demoralization and Japanese aggression, separated by thousands of miles, ultimately led to events that would pull England, France, Italy, Russia, Northern Africa, and the United States into a two sided struggle for world domination that would leave its mark on mankind forever.
From the Paper "As the time approached, it would be these military actions that would ultimately force Italy into the world war. Repercussions with the League of Nations from these acts of aggression as well as prior support for Francisco Franco in the Civil War would prevent Mussolini from any hope of alliance with France or Britain. His only hope to maintain his prior victories would be to align with and suborn to Adolf Hitler and Nazi Germany - an idea he originally disliked due to the German occupation of Austria. In 1940 the die was cast for Italy - at odds with the League of Nations and the rest of Europe, unable to overcome the mighty force of Nazi Germany, and unwilling to submit the spoils from the decade before, Italy had no other options but to prepare for war."
Tags: Adolph, Hitler, League, of, Nations, Mussolini, Nazi
This paper examines the lives of George Robert Twelve Hewes and Frederick Douglass, while detailing their experiences in two totally different yet dramatic eras in American history.
Abstract This paper details the life of former slave and abolitionist author Frederick Douglass, in 19th century America. Douglass himself was born a slave and as a young man seeking freedom, ran away to England to escape the bonds of slavery. This paper examines Douglass' firsthand understanding of the demoralizing conditions of slavery and his desire, from early on, to help to put an end to the situation. This paper details Douglass' involvement in successfully paving the way for the Abolition Movement in the United States. The writer also delves into the background of Hewes, a poor Boston shoemaker, who by virtue of a coincidental introduction to John Hancock, came to participate in the Boston Tea Party, an unusual role for someone of his humble station in life. The writer contends and explains why the era of Douglass was more representative, than that of Hewes. Hewes was an unusual man for his station in life, but Douglass was a common man for his station in life. Douglass exemplified and represented slaves of his time, while Hewes was an anomaly for his time. Hewes and Douglass themselves each made important, though different, contributions to America, which are described in this paper.
From the Paper "While George Robert Twelve Hewes was clearly a man who was unusual for his time, Frederick Douglass was just as much a man of his time. He represented his era, and his era represented him: Douglass was a slave, and his era was slavery. However, Douglass helped pave the way for the successful Abolition Movement in the United States, and the post-Civil War abolition of American slavery in 1865. Frederick Douglass himself was born a slave, and as a young man seeking freedom, ran away first to the North, and then to England (when he was already a well-known author and speaker worldwide) in order to escape the bonds of slavery. It was the English who bought his freedom; only then could Douglass return to America a free man and be reunited there with his wife and children."
Tags: u.s., history, slavery, boston, tea, party, 19th, 18th, century, author, literature
Abstract The paper provides a review of the relevant literature to determine how Joan of Arc's spiritual and military leadership helped to inspire a demoralized king and nation to rise up against the English. The paper illustrates the profound impact she had inspite of her lack of any other credentials besides her conviction that she was divinely inspired. The paper emphasizes how Joan of Arc truly believed that she heard the voices of angels and saints and she believed it with sufficient conviction that she was able to convince others of her destiny.
Outline:
Introduction
Review and Analysis
Conclusion
From the Paper "Few young women in history have attracted as much attention from the historians as Joan of Arc. According to Dumas (1970), "There are few people nowadays who would dispute the spiritual stature of Joan of Arc, one of the most remarkable women who has ever lived, although over five centuries after her death there is still no common agreement as to the exact nature and source of her inspiration." History has shown that some people, though, do not need for anyone to agree as to the source of inspiration when it comes to the mind of God. Indeed, the daily suicide bombings in Afghanistan and Iraq are proof-positive that when some people believe they truly know God's will, they will go to any ends to achieve it."
Abstract The paper discusses how Frederick Douglas is best known for his written works and his speeches against slavery. The paper relates that Frederick Douglas wrote three very powerful autobiographies about his life and experiences as a slave and as a free man. The paper looks at several inhumane elements of slavery that are seen within his biographies.
From the Paper "Frederick Douglas was born into slavery in Tuckahoe Maryland in February 1818 to a black mother and a white father. He was separated from his mother during infancy and because his father was white, he never knew him. However, Frederick Douglas often believed that his very own slave master was his father, Capitan Aaron Anthony. His mother died when he was seven years old and the man who he thought to be his father died when he was twelve years old. After the death of his father he was sent to Baltimore to live and slave for his father's brother, Hugh Augh."
Tags:demoralization, slave, masters, whips, torture, family
Abstract This paper examines the controversy surrounding euthanasia. It considers the arguments both for and against its practice. In the end, the paper argues, by providing example cases, that the benefits of allowing euthanasia are outweighed by the potential harm that it causes to society. The paper concludes that euthanasia should not be legalized in the United States.
From the Paper "It has also been eloquently pointed out that permitting euthanasia would amount to promoting the rights of the individual at the expense of the best interests of society. (Callahan) For example, Callahan cites an example from the trial of Dr. Jack Kevorkian. Kevorkian was tried for assisting in the euthanasia of a 43-year-old multiple sclerosis (MS) victim named Sherry Miller. At the trial Dr. Stanton Elias pointed out that Miller's death had been extremely demoralizing for other multiple sclerosis victims, who were deeply concerned that her death sent a message to society that "they [people who suffer from MS] are somehow less of a human being and don't count for as much if they can't get out of a wheelchair." (Callahan, 247)"
