Abstract
This paper discusses how, since Deng Xiaoping began to open the Chinese economy is the late 1970s, there have been substantial changes in China's demographics and how these changes have both helped to support China's economic growth but have also presented Chinese authorities with significant challenges as well. The paper looks at China's changing demography and its impact on on the changing economy. The paper also discusses how inferences can be made as to the impacts that demographic changes have had on Chinese economic development, both in the rural and urban sectors.

Outline:
Introduction
Major Demographic Shifts
Underlying Reasons
Impact on Rural Economies
Impact on Urban Economies
Impact on Employment
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The rapid growth of the Chinese economy resulted in a low rate of urban unemployment. The One Child Policy encouraged China's young workers, males in particular, to increase their employment income for a number of reasons. One was that they were destined to be the sole provider of support for their parents in old age. Another is that if they were destined to only have one child of their own, they needed to build retirement savings. Lastly, the gender gap has meant that males need to engage in more intense competition for females. As a result, money has become a more important means of attracting females (Wei, 2009). These different factors combined to push more rural Chinese into the cities in search of better work. This in turn kept the cost of labor down, fueling intense economic growth that kept the unemployment rate in urban areas down. Even with the recent economic downturn, official unemployment rates for urban China were at just 4.2% for the fourth quarter of 2008, up from 4.0% in the previous quarter (Xinhua, 2009). These official figures have never fluctuated too much, although they were significantly higher in the late 1970s when economic modernization began, between 5-6% (Giles et al., 2004). It should be noted that the official unemployment rates belie the reality of China's economy, which features tens of millions of "floating labor" that moves from province to province following the work. "

Tags:One, Child, Policy, Deng, Xiaoping

Abstract
The community studied for purposes of this community health analysis is Blacktown. The population demographic and socio-demographic welfare of the people living in the area indicate a need for more community mental health and educational programs targeted toward young people living in the area, aged 22 and below. This paper examines the demographics of the area followed by a synopsis of the economic and health statistics for the area.

From the Paper
"The population of Blacktown was reported as 232, 219 people as of the last census retrieved in 1996. Of these people, reportedly 114,043 were males and 117,176 were males (BBC, 2000). The population density is 941 persons per square kilometer, with the area of Blacktown being 246.9 square kilometers (BBC, 2000). The city has been described as "young and thriving, representing more than 30 different cultures" (BBC, 2000). Currently a majority of the population is under the age of 45, with 70% of the population falling into this demographic. Based on the current population, the city is expected to grow to as many as 294,000 people by the year 2010."

Tags:community, health, education, culture, population

Abstract
This paper examines the demographic changes in Baltimore from 1980 to 2000, using both qualitative and quantitative methods for data analysis. Information was gathered on sex, age, family median income, race, poverty, level of education, families with SSI income, welfare recipients, and vacant housing.

Contents:
Data Collection
Data Analysis
Race
Gender
Age
Housing
Household Income
Poverty Status
Educational Attainment
Substance Abuse
Racial Segregation
Discussion and Conclusions

From the Paper
"For the purposes of the study, race was compared by census tract on the basis of census data for the years 1980, 1990 and 2000. As displayed within Table 1, while comparing whites for 1980, 1990, and 2000, there was an ongoing decrease in the number of whites in the overall population. Within all other races, the population by race continued to increase slightly, with blacks showing the most ongoing growth. Within the other group, in 1990, there was a decrease in numbers; however, the other population almost doubled between 1980 and 2000 in spite of the 1990 decline."

Tags:america, gender, discrimination, age, sex, white, black, education

Abstract
Paper moves on from student's first paper on demography in Baltimore in relation to suburban Howard and Anne Arundel Cos, MD, to explain WHY out-migration commenced in relation to changes in Baltimore. Statistics indicate a narrow view of trends in comparison with human/historical geography accounting for large scale urban decline in Baltimore, falling property values, and MUCH reduced public safety after cocaine industry & related crime reached Baltimore in mid-1980s.

From the Paper
The Processing of Female Survivors of Domestic Violence. Introduction This paper addresses three aspects of gender and disability affecting women's experiences in the aftermath of domestic assault, a topic that can seem timely in central Canada given the Government of Ontario's ongoing Domestic Violence Action Plan of 2004-2008 that has devoted more than $80 million to services to support survivors of domestic assault, see to their protection in the community, extend public education efforts and with more services for Francophone persons. However when exploring what is available to women after an incident of domestic violence in the Greater Toronto

Tags:baltimore dem, west/southwest suburbs, decline/migra

Abstract
This paper provides several basic facts about Cuba today. It looks at the country's history, geography, demography, and economic situation. The diverse culture is also mentioned and discussed.

From the Paper
"Cuba is part of a limestone platform related to the limestone areas of the Yucatan, Florida and the Bahamas. The Central American Antillean System, the main mountain system of the West Indies, crosses south eastern Cuba, where it is known as the Sierra Maestra. Although most of Cuba is low, there are several upland and mountain areas that increase in height from west to east. In the extreme west along the coast is a beautiful and unusual area of eroded limestone, the Guanahacabibes Peninsula. Just west of Havana is the narrow Sierra de los Organos, which has elevations of 150 to 750 m. Many of the hills resemble isolated haystacks and border magnificent valleys, rich in vegetation and endowed with a great variety of beautiful and exotic orchids."

Tags:havana

Abstract
This paper examines the current demography of Malta. It looks at how the Maltese have an amazingly homogeneous society, despite millennia of subjugation in their early history. Current figures are provided, and the history is also discussed.

From the Paper
"Malta has been described as a "crossroads island" with a cosmopolitan, polyglot population "reflecting the 'ethnic and linguistics mixtures of Phoenician, Arab, Sicilian and British colonial influences'." (Baldacchino, 2002) In the late Middle Ages, the Maltese Islands were held by Aragonese and Castellan landlords, and, interestingly, spend a very long period 1530 to 1798 as the home base of the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem, a chivalric group that got started during the Crusades and subsequently built a theocracy that ruled Malta in a rudimentary version of the European Union. (Baldacchino, 2002) Perhaps, with this recent history, if not quite within living memory, it was relatively easy for at least half the Maltese to be willing to be the first island nation to vote in favor of membership in the European Union."

Tags:europe, population, diversity

Abstract
This paper discusses the role natural resources played in the peopling of the Pacific Northwest, including the natural resources that became commodities and how the commercialization of those resources affected interactions between various groups. It looks at what impact the exploitation of natural resources had on the region's environment. The Pacific Northwest is a diverse area full of natural resources that helped it grow and prosper as the population moved west. The writer concludes that many of these resources have been exploited for years at the expense of the area and its people.

From the Paper
"Comprising the areas of Oregon, Washington, Idaho, Montana, and Canada's British Columbia, the Pacific Northwest is an area known primarily for its natural resources and relationship to the environment. The area is primarily broken into two parts by the ridge of the Cascade Mountains. To the west lies the humid and lush western coast, and to the east lies the drier, arid eastern plains. These environmental areas can be broken down into smaller, more detailed regions that relate to their own specific resources. One Northwest historian notes, "Principal resources include: soils, grasslands, minerals, fisheries, water for power and irrigation, forests, wildlife, and scenic attractions" (Freeman and Martin 119). From the explorations of Lewis and Clark to the first trappers who visited the area, it was quite clear it was an area rich in resources and wildlife, and abundant potential."

Tags:environment, region, exploitation

Abstract
This paper provides a thorough explanation of social class. It looks at the many factors that determine a social class such as the demography of the different classes, their psychological characteristics, their interaction, their culture and many others. The writer then analyzes some sociologists' opinions on how social classes are formed.

From the Paper
"Social classes are determined based on the differences of people. A class of a society is different from the other class. In that, the lower class group has lesser opportunities than the higher social class. This groupings or identification of social class is somehow unfair to how the past and the present generation uses it. Although now grouping individuals into social class is diminishing, the meaning and characteristics of each class still remains based on peoples' standing in society, either they belong to the rich class, the poor class, or the middle class of people. Social classes can be determined on several factors such as condition of living, labor and employment, ideological perceptions, political influences, and religious influences."

Tags:demography, class, culture

Abstract
This paper compares the culture, geography, economics, and demography of Japan with America. It also looks at political differences and attitudes towards the environment.

From the Paper
"Finally, environmentally both countries face significant challenges because both countries rely on manufacturing for a significant portion of their economy. Japan, for instance, is dealing with acid rain and the resulting changes in the pH of bodies of water (CIA, 2004a). In addition, Japan uses large amounts of timber, and the traditional diet emphasizes consumption of seafood. As a result, both forestry and fishing industries face depletion of resources not only in Japan but for the other countries, mostly Asian, supplying those materials (CIA, 2004a). Japan also grapples with air pollution."

Tags:environment, economy, demography, political, geographic

Abstract
This paper summarizes a literature review about the multi-product nature of retail price promotions and about the supermarket industry in the United Kingdom and reports about specific pricing and promotional strategies at six UK supermarkets. Next, the author explains that the methodology selected for this particular study is extensive research using secondary data and why this method was chosen instead of a quantified approach. The paper relates the findings of the study in the areas of demography, determinants, condition of use, strategies and factors affecting strategic pricing and how they differ from previous information. The paper also includes the complete proposal for this research.

Table of Contents:
Table of Contents
Introduction
Outlining of the Introduction Chapter
Retail Industry Overview in UK
The importance of the Study
Objectives of the Study
Aim of the study
Supermarkets
Data Method
Literature Review
Introduction
The Multiproduct Nature of Retail Price Promotions
Supermarket Industry in United Kingdom
Pricing Strategies
Basic Introduction
Basic Pricing Strategies of Supermarkets
United Kingdom Supermarkets and their Pricing and Promotional Strategy
Factors Affecting Pricing Strategy in Retail
Promotional Strategies
Introduction
Promotion during Discount Period
Promotion during Normal Business Environment
Effective Pricing Strategies
Research Methodology
Research Justification
Research Position
Research Aim
Research Objectives
Research Questions
Hypothesis
Approach
Purpose of Collecting and Analyzing the Data
Discussion of Alternative Methods of Data Collection
Advantages of Research Method
Disadvantages of Research Method
Obstacles of this Chapter
Limitations of the Methodology
Structure of Dissertation
Findings and Analysis
Findings
Impact of Demography on Pricing Selection
Determinants of Pricing Strategy
Condition to Use Particular Pricing Strategy
Strategic Pricing Styles
Factors Affecting Pricing Strategy
Analysis
Pattern Emerged
Use of Information and Interpretation
Dissimilarity amid Literature Review and Findings
Conclusion and Recommendations
Conclusion
Outline of the Findings
Recommendations
Reflection
The Study Objectives Accomplishment
Dissertation Project Overall Performance
Skills Practices from the Research

From the Paper
"The store level parameters of the EDLP pricing strategy stores are considered to be having the bigger store size as given by the beta value of 0.0109 and far more vertically integrated with beta value of 0.1528. Hence this data represents that the EDLP pricing strategy is used for the stores which are big in size and require high level of capital investments. The Investment level in the supply chain required for the EDLP pricing company are also huge in nature as they are vertically integrated managing all their supply chain operation by themselves.
"The figures for store size given above shows the SPSS value which is used just for the comparison purpose and their numerical values do not have any actual significance."

Tags:efficacy, secondary data, format, low cost leader, demographics, purchasing power parity