Abstract
This paper addresses the issue of conflict between the U.S. President and Congress. It provides an historical overview of the establishment of these two institutions. It lists a number of factors which are cause for conflict such as public opinion, budget restraints, security concerns and split government.

From the paper:

"Having just rid themselves of one tyrant, the framers of the United States Constitution were reluctant to create another to take his place. Therefore, in developing a new government, they devised three separate branches of government with a complex series of checks and balances so that no one person or branch could ever claim the power of a king. Two of these branches of government, the Congress, or legislative branch, and the President, or executive branch, were given the task of working together to shape the laws and policies of the country. A certain amount of conflict between these two branches of government would not have surprised or distressed the founding fathers in the least (Heineman, Peterson, & Rasmussen 33-36). The amount of the conflict and some of its causes, though, probably would have amazed them."

Tags:George, Bush, Republican, Senator, Democratic, Constitution, funds, policy, diplomatic, army, legislative, democracy

Abstract
The paper provides an overview of Lincoln's childhood and teenage years. The paper examines his personal home life, his introduction into politics and his eventual ascension to the Presidency of the United States. The paper also describes how John Wilkes Booth murdered Lincoln and thus ended Lincoln's lifetime of accomplishments.

Outline:
Introduction
Abraham Lincoln's Childhood
A Maturing Abraham Lincoln
Lincoln's Love Life
Lincoln's Political Career
Lincoln: The President
John Wilkes Booth

From the Paper
"Born February 12th, 1809, in Hardin County, Kentucky, Abraham Lincoln rose from humble beginnings to become one of the most loved presidents of the United States, in American history. He was born to Thomas Lincoln and Nancy Hanks. Thomas Lincoln wasn't an educated man, in fact he had only acquired enough literacy to sign his name, according to McPherson. However, he enjoyed modest prosperity as a carpenter and a farmer. Abraham Lincoln's mother too was illiterate. From the son of simple farming folk to the sixteenth president of the United States, Abraham Lincoln would accomplish great things, in his tragically too short life, including bringing a divided nation back together and reuniting the United States."

Tags:slavery, Confederacy, Union, senate, state, legislature, Republicans, Democrats

Abstract
This paper explains that Ronald Wilson Reagan, born in 1911 in a small Illinois town, became a radio announcer for the Chicago Cubs baseball team, and then had a lengthy career in film and television because of his strong, clear voice and athletic physique. The author points out that Reagan wanted to be known as a president who favored tax cuts and a smaller government, while building up the military and standing up against communism. The paper states that Reagan is best known for his plea to end communist aggression in Europe, which eventually led to the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1990.

Table of Contents
Ronald Reagan, a Person to be Remembered
Background
Reagan's Humble Background
Early Life and Career
Political Career
Governor of California
President of the U.S.
Later Life
After the Presidency
Alzheimer's Disease
Death
Conclusion

From the Paper
"After his two terms as President, Reagan retired to his ranch in California to live out his golden years. In 1992, he was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease, and this sad time in his life may end up being his greatest legacy. The world became familiar with this debilitating disease as it progressed in the former President. People began to truly understand how this disease affects the mind of sufferers, and watched as a vital and healthy man degenerated into a life of isolation and withdrawal."

Tags:stem-cell, communism, legacy, reaganism, republican

Abstract
This paper provides four brief response essays to four different arguments supporting either Barack Obama or John McCain for President. Each response offers the strengths of the argument, its weaknesses, and a personal response.

From the Paper
"This argument in support of Barack Obama for President over JohnMcCain has a number of strengths. The first is that it touches on three issues important to all Americans; the economy, the Iraq War and healthcare. The author uses statistics to show that Obama's proposals in all three of these areas are more effective and strike at the heart of the problems with each issue more than those proposed by John McCain. For example, the widening gulf between the wealthy and middle class will..."

Tags:politics, elections, economy, republican, Iraq, terrorism, wealthy, taxes, special interests

Abstract
This paper begins by comparing the electoral voting system in the U.S. with that of other democratic nations. The paper explains that the U.S. uses the electoral college system, whereby each state is allocated a value depending on size and population, and then the state vote is collected to make the overall national vote. The paper then looks at other countries' systems, including Canada, Mexico, and Australia. The writer comments on why voter turnout in America is low compared to other democratic countries.

From the Paper
"One of the main differences between the United States election process and other democratic nations? in the United States' use of the Electoral College. In the United States, the Electoral College is the Constitution's name for the provisions for electing the president. In effect, the United States Electoral College elects the president through individual simultaneous state elections, rather than through one national election. This Electoral College is comprised of electoral colleges in each state. Those electoral colleges are made up of individual voters, who are responsible for casting two votes each, one for president and one for vice president."

Tags:president, politics, election, democracy, state, nation

Abstract
At a rally on September 9, in Dayton, Ohio Senator Barack Obama gave a speech on "A 21st Century Education". The author of the paper uses that speech as a platform to examine and analyze Senator Obama's abilities as a public speaker. The writer describes Obama's use of words and imagery and examines their effects on the audience. He goes on to show how Obama uses his linguistic ability to establish his credibility and promote the image of a caring, forward thinking, everyday American in an attempt to win support not only from Democratic party supporters but also Republicans.

From the Paper
"Besides revealing character qualities, Obama uses ethos to establish his credibility as a leader who makes wise decisions. He includes a bit of his track record when he brings up the successful law he passed in Illinois to double the number of charter schools in Chicago, and his plan to do the same thing nationwide. He mentions several statistics about the literacy rates in America and the rate of jobs offered to different levels of education to raise awareness of our current state, and more so to show that he is educated and passionate about this issue. He further shows his ability to solve this problem by mentioning a couple of programs he had developed last year, such as the Service Scholarship fund to solve the problem of finding good teachers."

Tags:democratic president senator republican, american dream, elections public

Abstract
This paper provides a comprehensive discussion of the identity and political vision of Democratic Illinois Senator Barack Obama, a candidate for president in 2008. Issues of identity including ethnicity, social class, educational background, and religious belief are used to demonstrate how they converge in Obama's overall political vision.

From the Paper
"In examining major political leaders it becomes readily apparent that there is often a link between personal identity and political vision. As a white southern evangelical from the upper-classes George W Bush's political vision has embraced tax cuts for the wealthy support for the Religious Right pro-life anti-same sex marriage etc and cushy contracts for corporations responsible for rebuilding Iraq's infrastructure. Bush's southern and white upper-class background are partly responsible for his political stubbornness ..."

Tags:candidate, faith, government, politics, political campaigns, Chicago, poverty, social movement, Republicans, George Bush, Martin Luther King, Jr., Harvard, Senate

Abstract
The author of this paper presents a comparison of three cases in which United States Presidents were either impeached or at very real risk of impeachment. Following a brief explanation of the impeachment institution, the paper then goes on to look at the impeachment of Andrew Johnson following the civil war and of Bill Clinton. The paper also examines the case of President Nixon who resigned rather than face impeachment. The paper compares these three cases in an attempt to discover the underlying reasons and the political motivations behind each case.

From the Paper
"Impeachment of the president is an extreme measure only to be undertaken in the most unusual circumstances of abuses of the office. The President, Vice President, "and all other civil officers of the United States, including members of the federal judiciary," can be only removed from their offices if they are found guilty of "treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors" (Ellis 2009). "Articles of impeachment, or accusations of misconduct, are drafted in the House of Representatives and approved by majority vote; the trial is before the Senate, with a two thirds vote needed for conviction. In cases of presidential impeachment, the trial is presided over by the chief justice. Conviction in a case of impeachment can result only in removal from office and disqualification from holding office in future, but does not prevent the guilty party from being held further accountable in regular courts of law. Finally, the presidential pardoning power does not extend to individuals convicted in cases of impeachment" (Ellis 2009). Articles of impeachment have only been seriously entertained three times in American history, twice during periods of intense national self-examination and shame, once when the president was enjoying a 70 percent approval rating (Impeachment: Bill Clinton, 2000, The History Place). When asked the question if these impeachments were politically motivated, one might say--of course they were, rather the better question is to the degree they were motivated by partisanship, versus out of political interests in preserving the integrity of the office of the president and the union."

Tags:treason, bribery, civil, rights, senate, congress, FBI, watergate, lewinsky, republicans, democrats

Abstract
This paper examines in detail the House Committee on Ways and Means. It looks at who the committee consists of, what the committee does, and a short history on its formation. The paper then examines the committee's relations with the Senate, the House of Representatives, and the President. Finally, the paper examines the life and times of Wilbur Mills, who was the committee chair from 1957 to 1975 and was once called "the most powerful man on the Hill" during his chairmanship, to take a more detailed look into the power the committee carries and its inner workings.

From the Paper
"In the Senate, the power of the Ways and Means Committee and the counterpart Senate Finance Committee come together in a joint committee the Joint Committee on Internal Revenue Taxation, which is the oldest joint committee in Congress. In this joint committee, five members from the House, five members from the Senate, and five members appointed by the executive branch representing the general public join to help tax legislation. The most important function of this joint committee is the link it creates between the chambers. It helps to push along the legislative process of tax bills. (Salamon 1975, 421-425)"

Tags:taxes, Congress, Democrat, Republican

Abstract
This well-researched paper explores the term democracy, while focusing on the general makeup of the U.S. government. The writer contends that democracy is a government by the people, for the people, run directly by them or through their duly elected representatives. This paper details the history of the American voting system, which is a key activity of a modern democracy. The writer of this paper discusses and cites various portions of the the U.S. Constitution and the Bill of Rights, which establishes the legislative branch of the government. This paper examines the historic events that led to the 1776 War of Independence between America and Britain. This paper briefly discusses the current political climate in America, while also supplying a brief overview of the democratic and republican platforms.

From the Paper
"The downward trend of less party affiliation and less party voting proceeded from the simple argument that one did not need to be a Republican or a Democrat to pave a road. Those who favor nonpartisan elections claim that the job of a member of the city council is not to debate on national issues but to maintain the neighborhood part, keep it clean and fix occasional potholes and these functions do not need partisan solutions. Nonpartisan election was a reform introduced by the Progressive Party at the turn of the 20th century. The Progressive Party wanted city governments to respond more to community needs and less to self-interested party manipulation. Non-partisan elections would remove party influence from the race; allow candidates who do not need to adjust their ideas to the approval of parties to run; and compel voters to search out more information on a candidate. Advocates say that a more active and informed citizenry would increase voter turnout."

Tags:congress, voting, senate, u.s., american, government, election, history, adminstration, presidency, political