Abstract
This paper focuses on the lack of morals and ethics in the political arena. The writer of this paper views morality as not something bad or improper, but rather as a decisive force in how one behaves. In his book "Public Service and Democracy: Ethical Imperatives for the Twenty-First Century," Louis C. Gawthrop argues for a government whose workers adhere to ethics and morals for the good of the country. This paper details each chapter in Gawthrop's book, including Chapter Two, in which Gawthrop is concerned with hypocrisy and pretense in the government. In Chapter Four, the author proposes his vision for a moral bureaucracy. Chapter Five consists of a specific example of how a part of the government bureaucracy can successfully employ the three virtues of faith, hope and love.

From the Paper
"The development of public administration is the topic of chapter three. In particular, Gawthrop views the development of bureaucracy as exemplified by the development of the bureaucracy in the executive branch of the government. There is little detailed provision for bureaucracy in the Constitution, but there is an awareness in it that a bureaucracy will be needed. Gawthrop argues that with the development of bureaucracy comes demands for both "administrative responsibility and accountability." In chapter four, Gawthrop proposes his vision for a moral bureaucracy. A sense of public service has existed for thousand of years. Service should be for the greater good, and not for one's own purposes. awthrop argues that the values that should motivate bureaucracy are less responsibility and accountability than "faith, hope, and love."

Tags:u.s., government, political, america, morals, ethics, book, review

Abstract
This paper discusses the environmental problems of the world, including world hunger and disease, lack of democracy, overpopulation, resource depletion and the destruction of habitat and species. It looks at the ways that people are contributing to these problems and briefly discusses the political aspect of the overwhelming planetary problems. The paper also looks at the role of media in these problems.

Table of Contents:
Deep Ecology
Social Ecology / Murray Bookchin
Barry Commoner, Michael Coor, And Paul J. Stamler
Ching Lai Cheng
UN Compact & Human Rights In Depth

From the Paper
"Ching talks on page 328 about a very important point brought up in this class and that is "over-advertising" (which supposedly stimulates the "consumption of goods"), which in this paper I will call "manipulative" advertising, in solidarity with the instructor. The lies, distortions, and basic con jobs that are part of today's television, movie, magazine and Internet advertising campaigns should be attacked with logic and facts by legislators and other leaders. Much of the advertising on television today is morally disgusting; but while there is no way to really stop it, people in positions of influence should condemn it. The materialistic attitudes in America, unfortunately, are here to stay. But educating young people in schools, churches, and other social venues is more and more necessary. Many millions of young people today are addicted to electronic games (X-Boxes, Nintendo, etc), cell phones, text messaging, emails, movies and other technologies. While they are certainly influenced by advertising perhaps more than any previous generation, at the same time they seem to have more autonomy from their parents than any previous generation as well. Rather than legislate what advertising should be acceptable for the mass marketing of goods and technologies, leaders should encourage parents to teach their children about the natural world, and share values with them that transcend their immediate desire for fun and games."

Tags:advertising, third world, ecology

Abstract
The paper shows that to follow the news since the election of George W. Bush as President of the United States is to find ample source material for a re-examination of the ideas of Karl Marx, Max Weber and Joseph A. Schumpeter. The author of this paper finds that modern America embodies, as no other socio-economic entity, the conflicting struggle of economic and political factions for their competing visions of capitalism, democracy and the concepts of economic democracy that lie at the basis of most socialistic schemes. The paper examines texts such as Karl Marx's "The 18th Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte", Weber's "The Puritan Ethic and The Spirit of Capitalism" and Schumpeter's "Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy".

From the Paper
"Just as Marx's The 18th Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte analyzes the Revolution of 1848 in France with a penetrating dissection of the class interests of the various factions, it is possible to describe the rise of the oil cartel to the summit of national political power in the American election of 2000. The reaction of the Democrats, Ralph Nader's Greens, and the intellectual and corporate media to the pro-corporate, anti-environmental, anti-democratic tendencies of the Bush administration provide a parallel to the facts upon which Marx's historical analysis were based."

Tags:Democrats, Paris, Commune, Calvinist, World, Bank

Abstract
This paper examines the freeze hypothesis of Lipset and Rokkam regarding the emergence of political parties. The paper looks at political parties in Western Europe and England that emerged in the sixties and seventies, contrary to the predictions of the freeze hypothesis. The paper suggests that the emergence of these parties is evidence that the freeze hypothesis and how it applies to Western democracies needs to be reconsidered.

From the Paper
"Lipset and Rokkam's freezing hypothesis, published in the 1967, approached the political spectrum from their experiential paradigm. The party system in Europe, and indeed most of the western world, had evolved through a homogeneous process which had experienced little in the way of social upheaval. The economies of the West were based on societal evolutions form agriculture to industry which had smoothly transitioned, and formed the basis for social prosperity and order."

Tags:prosperity, social, causes, religious, ethics, oppositional, parties, homogeneous, order, political, trends

Abstract
The paper discusses how findings of the current study show that while globalization poses many threats to emerging countries like China and India, ethical governance focusing on human rights can unleash the economic benefits of globalization and thus reduce poverty and suffering around the globe. More specifically, the paper explains that modernization theory suggests that cultures that adapt to Western political and economic strategies benefit in terms of economic stability and the reduction of poverty.

Tags:globalization, human rights, industrial relations

From the Paper
"Aristotle writes about all of the important issues of knowledge and method in his time, and one of the important issues he addressed in several different contexts was justice. This topic is developed in his ethical writings and his political writings, as well as in his writings on rhetoric, since that subject was intimately connected with developing and disseminating the logic of political thought. In his analysis of the issue of justice, Aristotle considers the meaning of virtue and the qualities which identify the living of the good life. In terms of this issue, Aristotle relied on a particular doctrine, the doctrine of the mean.

Aristotle believes that every art and inquiry is aimed at some good, that everything has as its goal some good. In..."

Abstract
This paper discusses the most influential of Plato's works, "The Republic". The author analyzes Plato's anti-democratic concept of the philosopher king, or the hypothetical ruler - that he should rule wisely and dispassionately, without a desire for personal gain like an autocrat. The paper also discusses Plato's ideal form of society, which is a carefully structured caste system and membership in each social stratum based upon each individual's capabilities. While agreeing with Plato's notions of the ideal republic, the author argues that the ideal selection of the philosopher king most often than not results from a shadowy and undemocratic process. The author also advocates that although democracy may sometimes be seen as a failure, it is a failure of choice.

From the Paper
"According to the ancient Greek philosopher Plato, the true philosopher-king is an individual who, though once imprisoned like his fellow dwellers on earth, justifies his leadership of a society because of his liberation from the intellectual constraints created by the superficial nature of material, mundane human existence. Plato's concept of the nature of reality, the ability of human beings to apprehend knowledge within their cognitive limits, and his view of how society should be reconstructed are all tied to his fundamentally anti-democratic notion of the ideal 'philosopher king.' The ideal king rules wisely and dispassionately, without a desire for personal gain like an autocrat, or with an easily-swayed will like that of a demos, or democratic body of citizens ruling a polis by consensus"

Tags:caste system, democracy politics ethics

Abstract
This paper breaks down David Cole?s essay "Five Myths About Immigration" into the authors different appeals used to undermine the myths, including appeal to ethics (ethos); appeal to emotion (pathos); and appeal to reason (logos).

From the Paper
"Despite America being a nation of immigrants and despite a history of successfully incorporating waves of immigrants into American society ,misinformation and fear often distort public debate regarding immigration policy. "

Tags:Irish Catholics, Kennedy, jobs, pluralism, democracy, politics, government, culture, assimilation, public services

Abstract
This paper examines Aristotle's theory of an ideal state by analyzing the nature of Polis, the city-state and its workings in his book "Politics", a work which actually addresses issue of ethics and morality more than politics as we mean it today. It looks at how Aristotle's ideal state, whatever its specific form of government, maintains its legitimacy by serving the good life for the people as a whole. It shows how Aristotle's description of the state as an association of free men aligns him with democratic theory, though he expresses a distaste for democracy at a certain level and finds that there are certain classes in society that should not be given the right to participate because they are not worthy.

From the Paper
"The city contributes to the possibility of absolute justice, sought by human beings through political interaction in the city. Based on his concept of absolute justice, Aristotle finds that there are three right forms of government--monarchy, aristocracy, and democracy. Each of these can also degenerate into a lesser form: monarchy into tyranny, aristocracy into oligarchy, and democracy into mob-rule. Aristotle can be considered a democratic theorist in several respects. One of his abiding concerns is with the constitution of the state and the agreement it involves between the ruler and the ruled. Aristotle sees the state as a natural development, but he also sees it as a voluntary association of human beings based on the fact that man is a political animal and that people thus come together because of common interest to the degree that it contributes to the good life of each person."

Tags:polis, democracy, government

Abstract
This paper discusses the biographies of Thomas Jefferson and Benjamin Franklin, two of America's most famous founding fathers. The discussion focuses on the values of politics and society revealed in the works that are still highly relevant to contemporary Americans.

From the Paper
"Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Jefferson are two of America's most cherished and significant figures in the founding of a new nation. In their respective autobiographies Franklin and Jefferson demonstrate the values and issues important to Americans of the era. In doing so each also reveals the forces and ideas that helped shape a new government and nation. The values revealed in these two biographies demonstrate many that are still cherished by Americans in contemporary times both politically and socially."

Tags:revolutionary, freedom, equality, industry, hard work, Protestant ethic, democracy, religious tolerance, government