Abstract This paper examines the history of the Eighth Amendment of the United States Constitution and how it has evolved inside the judicial system into the right to preventive healthcare within the prison setting. The author studies diseases such as viral hepatitis and how the justice system has dealt with this disease. This paper discusses human papillomavirus (HPV) and how it can be compared to viral hepatitis types B and C. The author concludes that the standard of deliberateindifference to health care needs in women's prisons requires the United State's justice system to immunize women prisoners to prevent the spread of HPV and cervical cancer. The paper argues that it is now the obligation of the Federal Bureau of Prisons to add to the "Clinical Practice Guidelines" a requirement for mandatory testing for HPV and for immunization with Gardasil for those who are at high risk of HPV.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
The Eighth Amendment of the United States Constitution
Preventive Healthcare in the General Population
Preventive Healthcare for Federal and State Correctional Populations
Congress' Response to the Threat of Infectious Disease in Prison and its Economic Impact
Guidelines for Federal Correctional Facilities but Just Proposed for States to Adopt
Correctional Facilities Continue to Lack Adequate Preventive Care, Leading to Lawsuits
The Importance of Preventive Healthcare for Infectious Disease Using a Viral Hepatitis
Hepatitis
Human Papillomavirus Infection
Demographics of Human Papillomavirus Infection
Demographics of Human Papillomavirus Infection in Prison
Public Health Responses to Human Papillomavirus Infection
Applying Viral Hepatitis Approaches to HPV
Conclusion
From the Paper "In "Ruiz v. Johnson", a group of inmates had sued the Director of the Texas Department of Corrections. The plaintiffs alleged that conditions in the correctional facilities violated Eight Amendment protections. Conditions were so extreme that the United States joined in as a plaintiff, against the defendant's resistance. The case includes commentary from Dr. Robertson, an expert in the trial. He stated that he saw two cases of "potentially preventable" cancers where the patients received delay in diagnosis and treatment, causing a negative prognosis. The defendants argued that the National Commission on Correctional Health Care (NCCHC) accredited them and therefore their practices were constitutional."
Abstract A review of "A Deadly Indifference" by Marshall Jevons. With the use of the fictitious character, Spearman, a sequence of economic policies is used to explain the clues to a murder that leads to multiple murders. The review analyzes the character and the policies that constitute the structure of the book.
Abstract This paper discusses the pilots do endanger themselves, passengers, and the craft by deliberate actions. The author points out instances in which a pilot may misdirect an aircraft.
From the Paper "This paper examines some of the reasons why pilots take deliberate actions to ground their planes thereby endangering themselves any passengers and the craft. When we hear about the grounding of an airplane ,we are likely to think first about mechanical problems with the aircraft or adverse weather conditions or in our post era about sabotage. However, there are also instances in which a pilot while in control of the aircraft experiences excluding situations such as when a pilot accidentally presses a lever because he or she ..."
Abstract This paper describes three companies in three different sectors that are pursuing a deliberate strategy and three that are pursuing an emergent strategy. The first part of the paper looks at examples of deliberate strategy, whereby the decisions are initiated from within a company and accord with the company's intrinsic goals. The paper then explores three companies that use emergent strategy, where the company continually shifts its strategy in line with the market's needs.
From the Paper "An apparel company that is currently using an emergent strategy is Vans, which is continually shifting its strategy. In the arena of youth fashion in which Vans operates, producing shoes as well a clothes for the segment of the youth market that associates itself with skateboarding, being the "in" label is the most important thing. It is the most important thing for the company but it is also the most important thing for those who wear Vans products. There is actually relatively little that a company can do to guarantee this "in" status: Such a designation as being in is made by the young men (and some very few young women) who identify with this brand."
Abstract This paper discusses athlete training. The paper details the practice of using deliberate play and deliberate practice concepts in training sessions and explains how these concepts allow the coach to incorporate the athlete's feelings and thoughts into situations involving the game. The paper also cites studies that show how this method can influence athletes' perception of the practices and training they receive.
From the Paper " Both concepts consider the athlete's desires as well as the supportive role of the parents and coaches in assisting the athletes in obtaining those desires. The coaches are called upon to provide the athletes with the resources including training such as skill training, conditioning, team concepts, and positioning theories. The parents offer a supportive role as well, oftentimes becoming the sounding box for the athletes that can be both negative and positive in feedback.
"Deliberate play begins when the athletes are young and requires training at a rate of 2-5 hours per week. The training time increases through the years until approximately a decade later the athletes are practicing at a rate of 25 - 30 hours per week. Each stage incorporated into deliberate play is defined in a certain manner. These distinct stages of development include different types of activities through the early years, middle years, later years and maintenance years. The activities are mainly focused on deliberate activities used to ensure the athlete is progressing. This concept also states that the hours of practice should have direct results and a corresponding improvement in the performance level of the athlete."
Abstract The paper describes self-harm as a physical expression of emotional distress and highlights the need for a strong focus on psychological care for patients who self-harm. The paper explores self-harm triggers, looks at nurses' attitudes towards mental health patients and their needs and provides an understanding of the needs of patients. The paper then explores the attitude of health care workers towards young prison inmates who deliberately self harm. The paper concludes that more research is needed on self-harm prevention and on the practice of professionals working with people who deliberately self-harm.
Outline:
Introduction
Literature Review
From the Paper "Deliberate self-harm, (DSH) described as a behaviour not an illness (Isacsson and Rich, 2001, 213), is a complex issue with much debate surrounding its cause and treatment (McAllister, 2003, 177, Freeman, 2002, 10, Redley, 2003, 348). Deliberate self-harm is frequently encountered in emergency departments (ED) but is a hidden health problem world-wide. Approximately 4% of the population self-harms and it is one of the leading five causes of acute medical admission for women and men (Wilhelm, Schneiden, Kotze, 2000, 349). Nine out of ten people who self-harm seek help in emergency departments (Crawford, 1998, 18), so the role of emergency nurses is fundamental to ensuring that they receive timely and appropriate care. Research suggests that patients who present at assessment and emergency after self-harm incidents repeat the behaviour (Joiner, 2002, 33, Morgan and Coleman, 2000, 391)."
Abstract This paper describes a way of life called voluntary simplicity, also known as simple living, and explains that it is a lifestyle in which, unlike poverty, individuals deliberately choose to decrease material needs in order to achieve a life full of simple pleasures. The paper describes the philosophy of those who choose voluntary simplicity as a way of life, its origins as a social movement, and its benefits. The paper concludes that voluntary simplicity is a means of capturing the essence of one's life by deliberately choosing one's path rather than living through a series of events. It is a way to which adherents can regain time with their family, friends, and with themselves by consciously choosing how and why they work.
Table of Contents:
Voluntary Simplicity and Sustainability
Roots of Voluntary Simplicity
Quantity and Quality Time
Work and Money
Reclaiming your Family and Community
Caring for the Earth
Conclusion
From the Paper "Work and money. These are two of the most lamented topics in America. In the not-so-simple pursuit of the American Dream most people are at the mercy of their job and their pay-check, living way beyond their means week by week. For simple living, there are two important rules to work. First, "find something that you love to do and get paid for it [and secondly,] live under your means." While Middle Americans are working full-time jobs and eking by on their paychecks, simple living encourages balance by living under their means and working fewer hours."
Tags: sustainability, degrees, recycle, hindu, community
Abstract Examines how these novels' isolated protagonists are used to critique their indifferent societies. Public space in fiction serves as a means of identifying aspects of the characters of the people who inhabit those spaces.
From the Paper "Public space in fiction serves as a means of identifying aspects of the characters of the people who inhabit those spaces. The characters in Notes from Underground by Fyodor Dostoevsky, L'Assommoir by Emile Zola, and Last Nights of Paris by Philippe Soupault also illustrate multiple social meanings and serve as a means for the authors to criticize their own society.
The theory of human nature and the meaning of life that is offered by the Underground Man in Notes from Underground derives from his personality and his particular experiences in the world. Those experience have left him angry and spiteful, and in part his "theory" of human nature is a spiteful reaction to the way he himself has been treated. He seems obsessed with developing this theory, as if he will be able to codify all human conduct and explain it by means of his view of why people behave in a certain ..."
Abstract This paper discusses several economic perspectives on the nursing shortage faced by the healthcare industry, specifically in terms of St. Mary's Health Center in St. Louis, MO--a part of the SSM system. The tools discussed include production possibilities frontier, production and cost curves, utility and indifference curve, and competition vs. monopoly.
From the Paper "The healthcare industry is one of the most prominent examples of compelling economic issues that face the majority of organizations in the United States today..."
Tags: economics, nursing shortage, St. Mary's Health Center, SSM Health System, production possibilities frontier, production and cost curves, utility and indifference, competition, monopoly
Abstract This paper explains that crime and poverty seem to be interrelated, especially in the developed countries, where poverty stricken people are driven by their needs to commit crime. The author points out that, though crimes are committed by the rich and the poor, it is the poor people who get punished while crimes against them go unnoticed. The paper stresses that if government policies, discrimination and indifference towards the poor were rectified and corrective social measures such as education, health care and vocational training were actively pursued, the poor people would not be trapped in a vicious cycle of crime and conviction.
Table of Contents:
Thesis
Introduction
Corruption a Global Crime against the Poor
Economic Human Rights Violation
Poverty, Race and Discrimination
Labor Exploitation
Poor Policies
Conclusion
From the Paper "Government policies have largely been restricted by resource limitations, which means that assistance programs cannot be fully implemented. A UN report states, "Resource constraints have limited the reach of the assistance programs and social discrimination has aggravated the problems in many situations resulting in poverty clearly seen as a violation of human rights." Similarly, some of the major policy initiatives have been detrimental to improving the quality of the poor people's lives. A case in point is the problem faced by the convicted poor people in the US in qualifying for public housing schemes."
Abstract The paper looks at the ideas of Daniel C. Lynch in his article "Dilemmas of Thought Work in Fin de Siecle China", Gordon White in "Riding the Tiger" and Feng Chen in "Rebuilding the Party's Normative Authority." The paper discusses how these writers show that those who anticipated capitalism as the bringer of democracy did not understand the largely administrative but also intellectual role played by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) as well as the low expectations of the Chinese regarding the CCP. The paper explains how all three articles show signs of the CCP attempting to show its sovereignty, but is challenged by ordinary Chinese indifference.
Outline:
Introduction
Daniel C. Lynch
Gordon White
Feng Chen
Analysis and Conclusion
From the Paper "Daniel Lynch reviewed the nature of thought-work in the People's Republic of China (PRC) at the end of the 20th century and explained the failure of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) to regain control over thought-work or to build the long promised socialist-spiritual civilization for which the Chinese masses were instructed to be patient, for so very long. Society and culture in the PRC have changed radically since the rise of Chinese capitalism in relation to the forces of Globalization. Gordon White wrote on ideological decay as one price of the Reform Era's economic and social changes, what seemed a mere shift to a mixed economy in 1978 taking on all sorts of mammoth changes through the later 1980s and 1990s to make much CCP ideology irrelevant. Feng Chen referred to the CCP as an institution that was under renovation and which described itself as the proper normative authority. However, as all three agree, the role of the CCP and Beijing has been more and more concerned with ordinary administration and laws and policies serving the all-important business sector."
Abstract The paper examines mainstream and alternative newspapers and magazines in order to demonstrate how mainstream newspaper coverage of the genocide is woefully inadequate, while the efforts of alternative media sources are commendable. The paper highlights the wider repercussions of this failure and shows how the negligible coverage reveals the media's decades-long indifference and racism toward the inhabitants of Africa. The paper strongly asserts that newspaper editors must make amends by bombarding readers with daily accounts of the terrible slaughter.
Outline:
Introduction
General Analysis on the paucity of newspaper coverage on Darfur
How have the publications mentioned above differed in their coverage of the genocide
Repercussions
Conclusion
From the Paper "The average American citizen will, sadly, know more about the politics of the popular television show American Idol than about the ongoing carnage in Sudan's Darfur region. The genocide in that war-torn country has raged for approximately four years and claimed over 200,000 lives, but these seminal facts have yet to jolt the inhabitants of affluent countries into action. Admittedly, it is somewhat churlish to blame these individuals, as most media outlets cheerfully ignore the distant atrocities and, at best, pay vague lip service to the idea that governments must intervene and halt the bloodshed."
A discussion of an 1996 article entitled "Why Volunteerism Won't Save America" in "Christianity Today" that reviews the book "Learning to Care: Elementary Kindness in an Age of Indifference" by Robert Wuthnow.
Abstract This paper examines an 1996 article in "Christianity Today" about volunteering in Robert Wuthnow's book "Learning to Care: Elementary Kindness in an Age of Indifference". The paper explains that the author questions whether the "mild morality" found in present-day volunteers is what society really needs. The paper looks at how, according to Wuthnow, the type of volunteering needed in the present society is different than that of past generations. The paper also points out that a milder type of volunteerism is necessary in a society like the one that exists today, which is so complex, but during the pioneer days for example, individuals needed be strong and virtuous, because they lived in such a lawless and unprotected world. The paper concludes that the churches' clergy and educators need to show the youth of today what heroes are doing.
From the Paper "Wuthnow argues that this milder type of volunteerism is necessary in a society like the one that exists today, which is so complex. To the contrary, during pioneer days for example, individuals needed be strong and virtuous, because they lived in such a lawless and unprotected world. "Temperance and prudence took the place of factory schedules and insurance schemes." Now, however, people can be "relatively weak" in their volunteering efforts, due to the strength of the government and business institutions."
Abstract This paper discusses the rising medical costs in the US in the last ten years. The paper specifically looks at how consumers have behaved as a result of the rising costs. The theory of individual behavior is used to demonstrate how consumers have acted on the price increases and the indifference curve that defines the combination of two goods that give a consumer the same level of satisfaction is also used to analyze the impact of medical costs.
From the Paper "It is no surprise that medical costs have been on the rise for the past decade. The truth is that "for inpatient and outpatient services, the costs have been increasing due for the most part to new technology, increased utilization, new construction, and cost-shifting from government payers and the uninsured." (PricewaterhouseCoopers 2009, p.5) With the increases in medical costs, how have consumers behaved? The theory of individual behavior gives us a good understanding of how consumers have acted on the price increases. The indifference curve that defines the combinations of two goods that give a consumer the same level of satisfaction can analyze the impact of the medical costs as well."
Tags: health care, individual behavior, indifference curve, budget constraint, economics
Abstract Deliberate self-harm (DSH) or self injurious behavior (SIB) involves intentional self-poisoning or injury, irrespective of the apparent purpose of the act. This paper presents an in-depth overview of the issue, including psychological causes of the problem, treatment available and myths surrounding DSH.
Paper Outline:
Introduction and Overview
Types of Self-Harm
Physiological Manifestation
Psychological Manifestation
Demographics
Methods of Alleviating Self Injurious Behavior
Common Misconceptions
Conclusions
From the Paper "The forms and severity of self-injury can vary, although the most commonly seen behavior is cutting, burning, and head banging. Other forms of self-injurious behavior include: carving, scratching, branding, marking burning/abrasions, biting, bruising, hitting, picking, and pulling skin and hair. Knowing that DSH people inflict self-injury for physical or emotional reasons is important. It is not per se, a voluntary act. Therefore it should be distinguished between other forms of body mutilation. These forms are body piercing, tattooing and scalding patterns in the body. These are voluntary acts. They are performed either for sexual gratification or for body decoration. Sometimes these acts make people one of a crowd or it enables others to fit in among their peers. Several cultures view body painting, piercing, tattooing and other forms of body mutilation as rites of passage. Other times, they are parts of cultural or religious rituals. These voluntary acts are not self-injurious behaviors."
