A review of Olaudah Equiano's 18th-century slave autobiography, "The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa, the African".
796 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 0 sources, 2002, $ 28.95
Abstract This paper discusses "The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa, the African", by Olaudah Equiano, a freed man, who seeks to convey the horrors of slavery and the pain he experienced, while not offending his white readers so much that his story is never heard. The writer shows that Olaudah Equiano, although there is subdued resentment and seemingly subtle instances of contempt of his captors in his narrative, more often writes with respect and humility, showing that he still has his sense of obedience to them (and perhaps feelings of obligation to them for setting him free, but even more obligation to his own people to make sure their story is heard).
From the Paper "Since we know Equiano writes from the perspective of a freed man, we can understand why he views and describe some of his experiences with disdain and bitterness. However, even though he shows his frustration with the whites, he does so eloquently (rather than in a bashing and more brutal way), so as not to offend the white reader. In Chapter II, Equiano, when describing his fear of being killed on board the slave ship, refers to the Whites as "bad spirits," referring to "their long hair, and the language they spoke (755)." In such great fear, it is somewhat odd that Equiano refers to them merely as "bad spirits," and talks only of their physical attributes."
Tags:dehumanizationtrespassflogginganger, bad spirit, savage
Abstract The paper studies the relationship between anger and adolescent violence and provides a survey of anger-management interventions. The paper begins by examining the links between juvenile delinquency and anger. The paper also cites theories of juvenile crime. The paper concludes with a list of several anger management programs.
From the Paper "The purpose of this research is to examine links between juvenile delinquency and anger management. The plan of the research will be to set forth the state of contemporary knowledge on the subject of juvenile delinquency and the context for the presence of ..."
Abstract A presentation and examination of a Charlie Chaplin Film 'Modern Time' and Robert Lynd's book called "Middletown" which describe the struggle against the dehumanization of the proletarian man by machine and the Industrial age. The author finds that the industrial age, while profitable from a financial standpoint for those who were in charge, dehumanized the proletarian man as well. The machine knocked him out of the running and sent him home to explain to his family that he was no longer able to provide.
From the Paper "The Industrial Age was one that moved mankind ahead in leaps and bounds. Within the few years of its explosion and growth the ability to use technology to speed up tasks and to get them done with precision allowed the world to concentrate on other expansions and needs. The Industrial Age was a boon to those who rode the top of the age to success, however, for many millions around the nation and the world the age actually set them back. The Industrial Age, while profitable form a financial standpoint for those who were in charge, it dehumanized the proletarian man as well. The machine knocked him out of the running and sent him home to explain to his family that he was no longer able to provide. There are two classic examples of what the Industrial Age did regarding the proletarian man. The movie by the late Charlie Chaplin called Modern Time (1956) and the book called Middletown by Robert Lynd both illustrate the ways the machine replaced the man. "
Abstract This paper explains that anger in the workplace is the aftermath of complaints against the organization and more personal complaints, such as complaints against a co-worker, an immediate supervisor or a subordinate. The author points out that, to avoid problems of anger in the workplace, management must recognize the existence of diversity among its employees and must avoid dominance by individuals and sub-groups. The paper relates that barriers to the prevention of anger are lack of (1) trust, which is portrayed through truthfulness, sincerity and commitment; (2) culturally and personality sensitive leadership and (3) explicit knowledge.
Table of Contents:
Causes and Results of Anger Destructive Anger Instrumental Anger Anger in the Work Place: How to Address Them?
Trust
Leadership
Knowledge
From the Paper "Instrumental anger is the exact antithesis of destructive anger. When one demonstrates this form of anger, he and the people around him will have a drastic change of behavior, line of thinking and even physical appearances. However, the change may not always be n a positive side. In the workplace, there are times that the top management may feel angry towards the subordinates because of low productivity, incompetent workers, tardiness of the workforce and the likes. This may cause him to voice out his anger or write a memo which will trigger immediate response from the concerned workers."
Abstract This paper attempts to dissect the concept of anger as a mixture of thoughts, feelings and emotions. It provides various definitions and interpretations and analyzes how it is caused. It shows how unexpressed anger can create problems leading to pathological portrayals of anger, such as passive-aggressive behavior and how anger turned inward may cause hypertension, high blood pressure or depression. It evaluates if anger is particularly gender specific since boys have more frequent temper tantrums than girls and discusses various forms of anger management giving examples from the Bible.
From the Paper "As culturally prescribed sex roles fade in our culture, the gender differences in aggressiveness may decline but will men become less aggressive or women more aggressive or both (mentalhelp.org)? The crime rate for women is increasing much more quickly than for men (mentalhelp.org). Also, experimental studies of punishment show women administering just as much electric shock to test subjects as men do (mentalhelp.org). Boys and men expect acting aggressive to pay off, girls and women don't (mentalhelp.org). Women experience more distress and guilt after aggressing than men do; they also are more sympathetic with the victim afterwards (mentalhelp.org). Some studies show that about 50% of college students both males and females account having been physically aggressive to some extent (from throwing something to beating up on someone) (mentalhelp.org)."
This paper reviews Harriet Lerner's, "The Dance of Anger: A Woman's Guide to Changing the Patterns of Intimate Relationships", and applies it to her own life.
Abstract This paper explains Harriet Lerner's ?The Dance of Anger? teaches women that anger can be a constructive emotion, which can help strengthen personal relationships. The author points out one of the most valuable teachings is that anger is a signal worth listening to, directly contrary to the beliefs of many women, who deny and silence their anger, apparently out of a feeling that anger is a destructive emotion. The paper relates that Lerner notes anger can be a valuable tool in helping women to empower themselves.
From the Paper "Lerner's book was initially attractive because of the title's emphasis on anger. I have known many women in my life who seem to feel that anger is an unattractive and unhealthy emotion that should be suppressed and avoided. As a result, these women seemed to suffer from a great deal of repressed hostility in their personal and work relationships. They would rarely become outwardly angry at people, and yet they would comfortably undermine the confidence of others, and act out in a passive-aggressive manner."
Abstract This paper defines anger and discusses what happens when it gets out of control, when it can become very destructive. The author describes causes and effects of anger and explains that internalizing it can lead to massive releases of rage and even health problems when people finally allow it to surface. Different types of anger management methods are described, including relaxation techniques, cognitive restructuring and problem solving. The paper concludes with the suggestion that a valuable follow-up research project might be to compare anger between teenage or young adult male and female gang members to shed light on what causes people to join gangs, the difference between girls' and boys' gangs, and which is the angrier and has more potential for violence.
From the Paper "What causes anger? Just about any stressful or negative situation can cause anger, and everyone feels anger throughout his or her lifetime. However, people react differently to anger, and to the situations that can make them angry, and that is often a product of people's temperament, how they saw others deal with anger, and how they learn about anger and managing anger. Some people are just angrier than others are, and they show it in different ways. Often, it is frustration that causes anger. This is called the "frustration-aggression hypothesis" and it shows that frustration can lead to aggression and anger in most people."
Abstract This paper analyzes Sandra P. Thomas' 1997 article, "Women's Anger: Relationship of Suppression to Blood Pressure" which looks at the effect of anger suppression on blood pressure in women. The paper shows that the aim of the study in this article was to examine the relationship between anger frequency, intensity and suppression to blood pressure and to see if there were differences in these parameters between women with respect to age, family history of hypertension and marital status.
From the Paper "While the effect of anger on women's BP is important, there are so many variables involved, both physical and psychological, that a meaningful study is difficult to conduct. Sample chosen, timing of study, method of assessing anger and anger suppression, measurements of BP and their timing, and a host of health and psychological factors come into play and it is impossible to account for all variables (Fontana, Pontari and Nash, 1998, p. 2). The "white coat effect" on BP may come into play in a test setting. Results of these types of studies are difficult to assess accurately, and they can do no more than indicate some potential problem areas."
Abstract This paper describes and explains several different approaches to anger management and looks at how effective these methods proved to be, according to the studies cited. The paper concludes that the studies cited indicate the efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy and other psycho-educational interventions as effective anger management methods.
Introduction
Efficacy of Group Therapy (Intensive Short Term Therapy)
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
Beck & Fernandez (Meta Analysis)
Emotionally Disturbed Adolescents (Psychoeducation)
Anger Management ( Cocaine Dependent Individuals)
Conclusion
From the Paper "Snyder et al (1999), studied the positive effects of brief intervention in the form of group therapy on adolescent subjects exhibiting severe anger. For the study the researchers included 50 adolescent participants (28 males and 22 females) from a New York Psychiatric hospital. These subjects were carefully chosen after a screening of the inmates in the hospital and only those adolescents who scored above 75% in the anger scale of the 'State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory' (STAEI) qualified for the research. They were arbitrarily assigned either to treatment groups or to control groups. A four-session anger management-training program was provided for the adolescents in the experimental group. All the subjects were rated for their anger levels, control and aggressive behavior, under experimental or control conditions. Their anger management skills and their behavior in social settings were recorded during the pre and post treatment phase. After the 2 weeks of training in acquiring anger management skills the subjects were discharged from the hospital environment and their progress observed in social settings."
Abstract This paper discusses anger management interventions. The paper begins by explaining the physiological, cognitive and behavioral components of anger. Then the paper examines the vital importance of managing anger in schools and the workplace.
From the Paper "In light of increasing incivility in society, understanding and managing anger is growing in importance to restore a sense of safety and civility to our nation's workplaces, schools and homes. Anger is mediated in the brain from an..."
Abstract This paper discusses the effectiveness of teaching anger management skills to children, particularly in a school setting. The paper begins by discussing the rising trend of violence amongst school age children and the role of the teacher in managing the anger cycle. The paper goes on to the discuss the anger management skills that have been found to be effective with children and their effects.
From the Paper "The steps to perceive and controlling anger comprise of (a) learning how to ponder through what started a clash. (b) The manner in which the student reacted and (c) the outcomes of that response. Then the students are taught what is that that sparks their anger and the manner in which to react to those sparks through way of relaxing, pondering regarding more positive things, and reminding themselves to regulate their anger. Thereafter they are imparted to review the manner in which they react to circumstances which make them angry when they apply these techniques and think in a forward manner to review the outcomes to getting angry or regulating their anger applying alternative behaviors. (Teaching Anger Management)"
This paper, written from a psychological perspective, compares the antecedents, behavioral signs and consequences of anger and fear between genders, with emphasis on how cultural conditioning can affect the expression of emotion.
3,140 words (approx. 12.6 pages), 15 sources, 2002, $ 91.95
Abstract This paper states that there is no doubt that gender has a significant impact on the emotions of anger and fear. The paper discusses many of the studies developed to measure possible gender-related differences in the experience and are inconclusive but do establish that many of the gender differences are due to social constraints and preconceived stereotypes. The paper illustrates that anger is an emotion largely associated with males and masculinity, whereas fear and emotions associated with loss of control are more frequently associated with females.
From the Paper "Anger is a primary human emotion that has been the focus of many studies. Whilst many methods of varying success have been used to measure anger, including facial expression, physiological changes (e.g. heart rate) and self-reporting, it is widely agreed that men and women differ both in their experience and expression of anger. Anger is largely viewed as an unpleasant or negative emotion, yet is a necessary and useful tool in the communication of thoughts and feelings to others in order to bring about some sort of change."
Abstract This paper explains that anger is a common emotion, which can be healthy and natural when managed correctly; however, adolescents and children do not always have the cognitive skills to know how to react when they are feeling angry. The author stresses that, in the classroom, teaching these types of skills are important because training students with anger management techniques helps students become successful members of society through enhanced communication skills, better relationships with their peers and the resulting self-esteem building. The paper details some cognitive-behavior interventions include relaxing coping skills, cognitive interventions, social skills training and problem-solving skills training.
From the Paper "A self-managing technique used for anger is what is called an "Anger Log". This was tried by Kellner, Salvador, and Bry (2001) in a middle school for students with severe emotional and behavioral disorders. The students would keep track of every incident throughout the day in which they actually felt angry whether it was constructive or destructive anger. The student would record what made them angry, how angry they were and to what degree, and how they dealt with the anger, or what they did about the anger. The students would then record in their "Anger Log" how they would deal with a similar incident that made them feel angry, and if they thought the way they managed their anger worked pro-socially in their favor. They would then give themselves an overall rating for each incident from "poorly" to "great"."
Abstract The paper provides a review of the article, "7 Steps for Melting Anger on the Spot", which focuses on the value of interactions within an environment, with an emphasis on organization of emotional content in order to affect positive change. The paper defines these concepts in a literature review and applies them to a fictional case example in which students in middle school require anger management solutions. The paper concludes with a personal, critical response to these themes.
Outline:
Introduction
Description of the Article
Applying These Themes in a Middle School Environment
Conclusion and Personal Response
From the Paper "In her article, Shoshanna takes the position that as an emotional state, anger has the ability to undermine many of the valuable efforts that the average person seeks to accomplish in his or her routine activities. Shoshanna writes that anger has twenty-four specific forms that are linked to its status and each of these forms has a different impact on the person. These include, but are not limited to, depression, compulsions, perfectionism, and gossiping.
"Anger manifests as a response to conditions within the environment. These can either result from external forces, such as objects and relationships that are not within the person's direct sphere of influence, or internal forces, such as personal relationships that occur between the person and a co-worker or peer. Shoshanna refers to anger as a "toxin" and argues that while it may sometimes be gratifying to engage in anger, the outcomes are never positive and can contribute to temporary and permanent harm for those affected by it."
Abstract This paper deals with the issue of anger management in the public school system, - a pervasive problem for which a solution is needed quickly. This research outlines a study that attempts to marry two of the leading anger management programs in the USA, creating a new program that will effectively curtail violence in the school systems. The results of this study are expected to provide an excellent resource for schools and parents to help their children curtail bursts of temper that result in violent episodes
Outline:
Action Research Project Verification Form
Chapter I: Introduction Problem Statement
Description of the Community
Description of the Work Setting
Writer Role
Chapter II: Study of the Problem
Problem Description
Problem Documentation
Literature Review
Causative Analysis
Chapter III: Outcomes and Evaluations
Goals and Expectations
Expected Outcomes
Measurement of Outcomes
Analysis of Results
Chapter IV: Solution Strategy
Statement of Problem
Selected Solutions/Calendar Plan References
From the Paper "The community chosen for this research is located south of San Francisco, Santa Cruz, California. The town has a markedly rural population. In 1956, the current district was created through the combining of five separate districts into one. Some of these districts had beginnings long before the Gold Rush of 1849. The current population is 173,339 people spread over 199.5 square kilometers. There are 62,400 families depending or will be depending on New City's only school district in the future, a district of 31,530 students (New City California Resource Guide, 2003). To accommodate these children, there are 27 elementary schools, five junior high schools, and six high schools. The average home costs about $600,000. The major language groups are: English (42%), Spanish (50%), and Mandarin (8%), (FUSD, Office of Federal and State Projects, 2007). The neighborhood is working-class and a recent census indicated that close to one-third of the population fell below the poverty line. There has been a long history of domestic violence and the divorce rate is quite high in this community. These factors might contribute to the high occurrence of violence in the local school system."
