Abstract
This paper takes a look at corporate environmental crimes, in particularly, corporate deforestation practices. The author examines the nature and causes of corporate deforestation within the framework of eco-critical theory as well as addresses various efforts, primarily through activism and legal policies, to stop corporate deforestation practices. The paper concludes with a discussion of the degree to which these interventions have been successful.

Outline:
Introduction
Corporate Deforestation and Eco-Critical Theory
Interventions to Corporate Deforestation Practices
Effectiveness of Interventions to Corporate Deforestation
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Although criminology includes the study of corporate crime and environmental crimes and has, on occasion, explored the linkages between the two (e.g., Simon, 2000), it has neglected to explicate this relationship within the context of violent criminality. Indeed, much environmental crime should be considered violent. It involves direct acts of destruction to victims (e.g., forests, soil, water). It also involves the death, not only of the primary victim, but of numerous other victims, as well, including human beings, individual animals and plants, species, and entire ecosystems (site)."

Tags:corporate deforestation practices, eco-critical theory, criminology, environmental crime and justice

Abstract
This paper looks at deforestation as it is presently taking place in Canada and in the broader world. Additionally, the paper explains the issue, contextualizes it, and discusses the challenges the phenomenon of deforestation presents to the global community, with an emphasis on Canada. Finally, the paper outlines some possible solutions to the matter. In the final analysis, deforestation can be overcome, but it will only be overcome if strong governmental action is taken against irresponsible practices by the logging and lumber sectors and if firm penalties are put in place to discourage degradation of fragile ecosystems.

From the Paper
"The following paper will look at deforestation as it is presently taking place in Canada and in the broader world. The paper will explain the issue, contextualize it, and discuss the challenges the phenomenon of deforestation presents to the global community (but especially to Canada). Finally, and most importantly, the paper will outline some possible solutions to the matter. In the final analysis, deforestation can be overcome, but it will only be overcome if strong governmental action is taken against irresponsible practices by the logging and lumber sectors and if firm penalties are put in place to discourage degradation of..."

Tags:deforestation, canada, world

Abstract
This paper discusses the tropical deforestation issue through an eco-feminist approach, which suggests that there is a connection between the oppression of women and the oppression of the rain forests through deforestation. The writer discusses that indicators are used to demonstrate the impact that rain forest deforestation has on the environment including greenhouse gases and erosion of the atmosphere.

From the Paper
"Environmental issues affect every life form on Earth from the smallest organism to the human race. A single disruption in the Earth's balance may lead to the permanent and complete destruction of the atmosphere. What is most critical at this point is to find alternatives to deforestation, especially due to the alarming rates of tress being cut. Should this rate continue to rise, the likelihood of unfavorable side effects is promising. Tropical deforestation is threatening the health of the human race through global climate changes and potential extinction of rare plants and species."

Tags:deforestation, ecofeministic, indicators

Abstract
This paper discusses how deforestation is affecting Orangutans' habitat and how without urgent actions to combat the deforestation, their extinction is imminent. The author examines the orangutan's habitat, deforestation in Indonesia, the current status of Orangutan habitat and gives various recommendations to solve the problem.

From the Paper
"The rainforests, thriving in the tropical humid rain lines of the earth, is a heaven on earth for millions of species of flora and fauna of the world. The frequent raindrops through the year and warm climate around the equator have made variety of living species in the wildlife grow as swiftly as possible. The outsized canopy of hundreds-year-old bulky trees becomes the safe home of assortment of vegetation and animals to breed and make the invaluable treasures of the world.
As time passes by, human activities encroach deeper into the wood. The high demand of logs, papers and other wood products had increased; and human grasp into the forests to cut them off to fulfill the national economic calls. The rainforest no longer becomes a sanctuary for the populations of animal and plants inside."

Tags:ape, indonesia, deforestation

Abstract
This paper looks at the deforestation of the African rainforest, concentrating on the Congo and West Africa. It looks at the reasons for deforestation and extinction of wildlife, and their effects.

From the Paper
"The Congo is the world's second largest river and has the world's second largest rainforest. The river begins in the savannahs just south of Lake Tanganyika, then enters a mile long canyon known as The Gates of Hell, emerging in the rainforests of the Upper Congo. The Upper Congo ends at the Stanley Falls, another stretch of rapids miles long and enters the Middle Congo and the Middle Congo rainforest, a mile stretch which ends at the Livingstone Falls, a series of rapids and cataracts miles long..."

Tags:biodiversity, rainforest, Africa, Congo, deforestation

Abstract
This paper uses pie charts and a photo of deforestation in Brazil to demonstrate the impact of tropical deforestation. The author points out that the rain forests help in regulating the world's climate and atmosphere. The paper relates that, with fewer rain forests, less carbon dioxide is being absorbed, which means that more heat from the sun stays locked up in the atmosphere causing the devastating greenhouse effects.

From the Paper
"Tropical rain forests contribute to global climate regulation, oxygen and carbon dioxide production, the protection of soil erosion, and are the home to millions of species. Deforestation of tropical rain forests has contributed to global climate changes, in particular global warming and green house effects in the atmosphere. Tropical rain forests are being burned and cleared due to the increasing demand for farmland, industrialization and urbanization, infrastructure improvements (i.e. roads), and wood products (i.e. home building)."

Tags:deforestation, environment, indicators

Abstract
This paper discusses the destruction of tropical forests, which concerns ecologists and environmental activists, but more and more it has become a matter of public concern in Western industrial nations. These citizens may respond to the issue of tropical deforestation with moral demands, and they often treat the people of the tropics as a population that needs to be educated to the same level they have already reached so that those people will also want to protect the forests.

From the Paper
"The destruction of tropical forests concerns ecologists and environmental activists, but more and more it has become a matter of public concern in Western industrial nations. These citizens may respond to the issue of tropical deforestation with moral demands, and they often treat the people of the tropics as a population that needs to be educated to the same level they have already reached so that those people will also want to protect the forests. Deforestation is seen as the result of numerous individual decisions that are rational on a small scale (such as subsistence farming, ranching, or lumbering for profit) but that have consequences that are irrational on the large scale (meaning alteration of hydrological..."

Tags:bolivia, deforestation, environment

Abstract
The paper looks at statistics on the extent of deforestation and identifies the broad and narrow definitions of deforestation. The paper then considers the pros and cons of microeconomic and regional studies and cross-national studies as methods of studying the tropical deforestation process. The paper goes on to explore the causes of deforestation, namely forest size, population growth, economic and debt service growth, agricultural growth, road development and level of democracy. The paper asserts that the solutions for deforestation problems of the global tropical forests must become the responsibility of every nation, since forests impact life on Earth for every single individual.

Outline:
Extent of Tropical Deforestation
Definition of Tropical Deforestation
Level of Tropical Deforestation Study
Causes of Deforestation
Deforestation Solutions and Forestry Management Strategies

From the Paper
"Tropical forests are valued for the direct economic benefits and for the host of intangible benefits bestowed upon society. These forests have a special role in the conservation of biodiversity. It is well known that tropical forests, which occupy a mere 13.54 percent of total land area (FAO, 1997), contain around 70 percent of all species (WRI, 1996). Many of these species are threatened with extinction (Myers, 1988). Tropical rain forests have as high as 700 tree species per hectares (ha.) compared to 1 to 5 tree species in boreal forests (Botkin & Talbot, 1992). The rich biodiversity of tropical forests is a source of genetic material for genetic engineering. Also, around 500 million people, including 150 million indigenous people, live in or at the edge of the tropical forests (Roper and Roberts, 1999). Most of them are fully dependent on the forests not only for their livelihood, but also for their cultural and spiritual traditions."

Tags:degradation, population, growth, economics, agriculture, roads

Abstract
This paper explains that, because the forests of central America's western Pacific plains were cleared long ago for export crops and subsistence agriculture, the deforestation which has taken place in the last 50 years has been most severe in the lowland tropical moist forests of the Atlantic, or the Caribbean side of central America. The author points out that Panama has a wide range of environmental protection policies in place which are designed to address the impact of human habitation and land-use techniques and to emphasize environmental education and extension programs. The paper concludes that, because of the competition from multi-national businesses, which are not concerned about the environment, "green" businesses must develop effective business models to survive the rigors of the marketplace as well as the extremes of nature, which effect commercial forestation businesses. Many tables and charts. Annotated bibliography.

Table of Contents
Introduction
Deforestation and Agricultural Expansion
Background and Overview
Distribution of Panama's Forest Lands and Rates of Deforestation
Land Use Changes
Causes of Deforestation
Consequences of Deforestation
Impact on Agriculture and Supply
Climate Changes
Human Health
Forest Management in Panama
Signs of Progress
The Economic Value of Forest Benefits and Services
Deforestation and Property Rights
Findings and Discussion
Panama's Environment and the Components of its Eco-System
Economical and Social Consequences of Deforestation in Panama
The Climate Affected by the Loss of Forests
Forest Policies and the Existing Instruments to Conserve the Forest Areas
Ecological Viability of a Business in the Production Process, Beneficiary and Commercialization
Business Contribution

From the Paper
"As a result of the enactment of a land tenure system in 1962, some small farmers in Panama have managed to acquire some land; nevertheless, by late in the 20th century fewer than one-third of all farms were owned by the people working them. The most common agricultural products include sugarcane, bananas, rice, plantains, corn (maize), and oranges, and the commercial cultivation of these and other crops increased considerably during the 20th century. Livestock raising (cattle, pigs, and poultry) is an important and long-established economic activity, and beef and hides are exported. The country's largest cattle-raising farms are in the southwestern savannas-in Chiriqui, Los Santos, and Veraguas provinces. The provinces of Panama, Los Santos, Chiriqui, and Veraguas raise the most pigs, whereas Panama, Cocle, and Colon are the largest centres for poultry and egg production."

Tags:biodiversity, vanilla, climate, health, rights

Abstract
This paper examines the disastrous effects of deforestation. The paper explains that deforestation is detrimental to all of the plant and animal species of the world, including humans. The paper associates deforestation with a host of negative consequences and states that it stands poised to threaten the future of life on earth. The paper discusses habitat destruction and loss of biodiversity as a result of deforestation. The moral objections to deforestation are presented in the paper.

From the Paper
"Deforestation can also have more immediate affects. Clear cutting of forests has been connected to regional increases in mercury levels in lakes and drinking water (Box, 2003). The natural biologic cycles within forests commonly retain the mercury that is released into the atmosphere from coal power plants and incinerators. When the forests are destroyed this mercury is left behind to seep into the ground. This poses an immediate and glaring problem for any members of nearby communities. This remains a significant problem, especially in industrialized nations, who have been forced to adopt more expensive water treatment practices as a result."

Tags:trees, plants, animals