Abstract
In this article, the writer points out that the fashion changes from 1920-1930 and 2000-2009 were results of the changing of societal values, economic and political situations, gender roles, and many other factors that shed a light both on the issues of the time, and on society within the United States as a whole. The writer maintains that the impact of these changes is shown in the clothing styles and how they changed throughout the decade. The writer discusses in economic terms, how the clothing of the rich and the poor differed, especially during times of financial stability and times of global recession. By contrasting these two vastly different eras, this paper delves into the depths of not only what changed between the fashions of the two eras, but the underlying causes for why these changes occurred, and what effects that had not only on fashion but on the people themselves. The writer concludes that the implications for fashion are not often considered, but by looking at something one takes for granted everyday under a microscope, one can see the machinations behind the changes, and the historical significance of fashion trends.

Outline:
A Picture of Four "Flappers" in 1926
Standing Out in the Crowd: Advertising/Flapper written by L. Landay
Spring and Summer 2009, Key Trends and Looks

From the Paper
"The sheer restrictiveness of the corset was actually used as a selling point for the wealthy women in society; by wearing the corset, you were proving that you did not have to work in your household, because you could not work in your household even if you had wanted to. The corset is a true example of the oppression that women faced in this time period from all sides, even from something as mundane as the clothing options that they had available to them.
"Conversely, the popular flapper look was one in which the hourglass figure was deemphasized as much as possible. The dress itself consisted of loose material, and women with an hourglass figure found their previously prized figure either covered up, or completely unable to handle the current fashion. The emphasis on the flapper look was not on the female form, and showing potential mates their fertility, but on ease of movement for the new wild dances that were being popularized in urban areas and took their cues from African American dancing styles."

Tags:1920s, 2000s, women's, rights, styles

Abstract
To define "minority" is not as simple as just saying "African", "Latino", or "Asian" because, in the grand spectrum of the world, these peoples far outnumber what is traditionally thought of as the majority, the Caucasians. So, because the process of defining a people as a minority within the American context is rather subjective and limited only to the factors that govern our particular society, we must turn to a slightly more accurate description of a minority. Minorities in America, the true minorities that are not subjective, but objective, are those people and groups that represent something separate from society, either above or below, or parallel, but separate. There are economic minorities, racial minorities, ethnic, religious, gender, age, educational, and intellectual minorities. All of these have an identity within America. For the purposes of this paper, it is intended to examine the concept of "minority" as being truly defined by those who are able to use their minority status to establish a position of influence and of good. Perhaps, in the most important ways, being able to positively influence those around you is the greatest achievement that a person can realize. These people are, indeed, few; they are a minority. Autobiographies present a personal view of a life that often lacks the kind of unflinching insight that a biography brings, but the strength of the autobiography is that it presents a person's individual view of his or her life, presenting stories and details that most others could not know. Both Frederick Douglass and Benjamin Franklin offer autobiographies that provide insight into the very heart and soul of the men. It is the purpose of this paper to examine the works of both men as autobiographies and as writers so as to demonstrate the power of the minority and the strength of the individual, the ultimate minority.

Abstract
This paper discusses the definition of feminism and the goals of the movement as further exemplified in Kate Chopin's novel, "The Awakening." According to the paper, the feminist struggle has been fought largely in an attempt to establish an individual sense of identity that is not dependent on gender. This is seen the conflict faced by the protagonist in Chopin's novel, Edna Pontellier. The paper notes that the novel is primarily concerned with Edna Pontellier's attempts to find and define herself, and her "awakening" to the realities of her identity as a woman in the early years of the twentieth century. The paper describes the characters from whom Edna must escape, namely her husband and children. The paper concludes by stating that "The Awakening" is about a woman having the ability and the opportunity to choose an identity, whatever it may be.

From the Paper
"Nothing makes this more apparent than the famous (or infamous, at the time of the book's publication) ending of the novel, in which Edna Pontellier divests herself of her clothing and her life as she wades out into the ocean and succumbs to drowning. The way in which the water is described reflects the importance of identity and one's ability to carve it out in this novel: "The voice of the sea is seductive, never ceasing, whispering, clamoring, murmuring, inviting the soul to wander in abysses of solitude" (Chopin, ch. 39). The "abysses of solitude" that are so inviting to Edna at this point can be seen as a sort of freedom--she has spent almost her entire life (and the bulk of the novel) as a fixture in other people's lives, defined by her external roles rather than by any sort of developed sense of interiority. She awakens to this interiority during the course of the novel, but realizes that her desires and her sense of self are incompatible with societies construct, and she seeks the freedom of solitude in the sea, and in death."

Tags:patriarchy, Madame Ratignolle, Edna Pontellier, liberation, gender roles

Abstract
In this article, the writer defines how campaign slogans and the use of advertisements help shape the male image. The writer points out that the use of tag words, color design and male gender items have all contributed to the new 'masculinity' we see in today's society. The writer examines the issues around defining "masculinity" and the role that company slogans play on the male gender role. The writer presents an examination of Proctor and Gamble's "the best a man can get" campaign and the effects it has had on the male image in the United Kingdom.

Outline:
Introduction
Literary Review
Societal Shift
Media Influence

From the Paper
"It is difficult to measure and identify masculinity. Over the centuries sociologists and psychologists have tried to depict what defines a male. There are many factors to take into consideration when compiling a theory on the attributes and characteristics on masculinity. Some theorists argue that it is the common view of society that plays a key role in the ideal and self-identity of the man. While others stipulate that it is the familial structure that is the direct affect to creating masculinity. In either case, most theories are based on the idea that external situations and experiences are the immediate relationship to defining masculinity and our view of what is considered to be male or female. The gender roles have been particularly defined in the consumer market. Product innovation and advertising campaigns have played a strong role in dividing the sexual characteristics. Companies are quick to leverage products that are geared at either men or women in their announcements, design and packaging. Tactics used by corporations to ensure stable yearly profits, have contributed in the characterization of the masculine image. The globalization of organizations as well as advancements in communication technology have allowed companies to reach a larger scale of consumers, which has also created a more diversified vision of what is meant in terms of masculinity."

Tags:masculinity, Gillette, male, slogans, advertizing

Abstract
This paper argues that defining and describing cross-cultural similarities and differences is best accomplished by using culture-general rather than culture specific dimensions. The paper defines culture and discusses the problems associated with culture-specific information, particularly in that one usually finds exceptions rather than the general rules of the culture.

From the Paper
"By adopting the perspective that cultures begin with some universal similarities, research into cross-cultural differences takes on more widely understood parameters. The scientific community itself, by adopting certain universal standards so that everyone can communicate the same information is certainly an example of this. While generalizing about different cultures may have some drawbacks, it is certainly an acceptable risk when compared to the bias that can result when researchers attempt to look more closely at particulars and judge them without having an overall framework of understanding."

Tags:exceptions, knowledge, society

Abstract
This paper defines the basics of marketing with the use of resources such as: Barron's "Dictionary of Business Terms; Principles of Marketing "; and "Principles Part 1: About Marketing". The paper also illustrates the importance of marketing in organizational successes by utilizing examples of marketing strategies and tactics from three fast food companies: Taco Bell, Jack-in-the-Box, and Wendy's.

Outline:
Define Marketing
Personal Definition
Marketing
Marketing in Business
Importance of Marketing in Organizational Success
Customer Retention
Maintaining Satisfying Relationships
The Food Industry
Jack In The Box
Wendy's
Value for Both
The Market Strategy
Conclusion

From the Paper
"In this case, Taco Bell and its marketing campaign that employed a Chihuahua as a spokesperson for its Mexican style food. Awards were received for being one of the most innovative and fun ways and the chief marketing officer had this to say when accepting the Effie Award in 1999: "Taco Bell has a firm commitment that will not only boost revenues but engage the public in a positive and fun way . . . Our advertising goes hand in hand with our promotions and gets viewers and customers involved."

Tags:tactics, influx, consumer, businesses, organizational

Abstract
The paper looks at the societies in which live and the relationship of language and society. It studies how
we communicate, how this results in our understanding the world around us, and how language as a social behaviour functions in this communication.

From the Paper
"In the 21st century we live in a reality defined by communication. Indeed, beyond our immediate circle of family and friends and the fifty mile radius of land in which most of us live our daily lives, our knowledge of the world is completely filtered through mass media and/or the Internet. Even with our local sphere communication - in the form of cell phones and local media - contribute to our understanding of the world."

Tags:communication, reality, universe

Abstract
This paper looks at both sides of the argument about whether the teaching profession should be defined as an art or a science. The paper presents theories in support of both opinions, but concludes that the teaching profession would benefit most if it would to be defined as both an art and a science.

From the Paper
"The issue of whether teaching is an art or a science is framed wrong, for teaching is both an art and a science. The pedagogical element of teaching is a science, involving learning material and how to impart that material as bet as is known. The aspect of teaching that is most concerned with human interaction, with the guidance of students and the control of the classroom, is most certainly an art. Different analysts have selected one or the other as the essence of teaching, seeing teaching as an art or a science while often failing to see that teaching at its best is really a combination of the two."

Tags:student, teacher, education, classroom

Abstract
This paper examines "The Opportunity to Define an Era" by foreign policy planner Richard Haass. It includes proposals for integrated agreements among major powers, led by the United States, with analysis of current problems.

From the Paper
" Richard Haass the former director of Policy Planning in the U S State Department and now president of the Council on Foreign Relations proposes a realistic yet optimistic foreign policy to turn the dangers of .."

Tags:International, relations., Middle, East., History., Poliltical, Science., Iraq., Terrorism.

Abstract
For decades, various psychiatrists and researchers have worked toward developing an effective list of traits that can be associated with a psychopath. This paper uses sources, such as Hervey Cleckley's 1941 book, "The Mask of Insanity" and Robert Hare's more modern "Without Conscience", to illustrate the difficulty in defining the specific cluster of behaviors and personality traits typical of psychopathy.

From the Paper
"In addition, unlike other individuals who react more to emotional words than neutral ones, these people react the same to both. When conducting brain scans through MRIs, it is seen that parts of their mind that are expected to react do not and those that are not expected to, do. In other words, emotional words do not have the same reaction for psychopaths that they do for normal people. This cannot be considered brain damage, adds Hare, rather a different way to process information."

Tags:manic, depression, manipulation, abuse