Abstract In this paper, the author attempts to define the term 'public relations' by providing her own personal definition as well as more standard definitions of the term. Furthermore, the author compares these definitions gathered from different sources and attempts to explain why 'public relations' has been defined in differing ways by different groups. The author of the paper defines the term as the art of creating a good, well recognizable name for your business.
From the Paper "Public relations is a field that is thought to be a combination of many things which often include advertising, marketing, schmoozing with the press, etc. There have been many varying definitions of public relations over the years and many would argue that none of them are completely right or wrong."
Abstract This paper looks at both sides of the argument about whether the teaching profession should be defined as an art or a science. The paper presents theories in support of both opinions, but concludes that the teaching profession would benefit most if it would to be defined as both an art and a science.
From the Paper "The issue of whether teaching is an art or a science is framed wrong, for teaching is both an art and a science. The pedagogical element of teaching is a science, involving learning material and how to impart that material as bet as is known. The aspect of teaching that is most concerned with human interaction, with the guidance of students and the control of the classroom, is most certainly an art. Different analysts have selected one or the other as the essence of teaching, seeing teaching as an art or a science while often failing to see that teaching at its best is really a combination of the two."
Abstract This paper defines the basics of marketing with the use of resources such as: Barron's "Dictionary of Business Terms; Principles of Marketing "; and "Principles Part 1: About Marketing". The paper also illustrates the importance of marketing in organizational successes by utilizing examples of marketing strategies and tactics from three fast food companies: Taco Bell, Jack-in-the-Box, and Wendy's.
Outline:
Define Marketing
Personal Definition
Marketing
Marketing in Business
Importance of Marketing in Organizational Success
Customer Retention
Maintaining Satisfying Relationships
The Food Industry
Jack In The Box
Wendy's
Value for Both
The Market Strategy
Conclusion
From the Paper "In this case, Taco Bell and its marketing campaign that employed a Chihuahua as a spokesperson for its Mexican style food. Awards were received for being one of the most innovative and fun ways and the chief marketing officer had this to say when accepting the Effie Award in 1999: "Taco Bell has a firm commitment that will not only boost revenues but engage the public in a positive and fun way . . . Our advertising goes hand in hand with our promotions and gets viewers and customers involved."
An examination of the ideal way to define and describe culture, focusing on the benefits of using culture-general rather than culture specific dimensions.
Abstract This paper argues that defining and describing cross-cultural similarities and differences is best accomplished by using culture-general rather than culture specific dimensions. The paper defines culture and discusses the problems associated with culture-specific information, particularly in that one usually finds exceptions rather than the general rules of the culture.
From the Paper "By adopting the perspective that cultures begin with some universal similarities, research into cross-cultural differences takes on more widely understood parameters. The scientific community itself, by adopting certain universal standards so that everyone can communicate the same information is certainly an example of this. While generalizing about different cultures may have some drawbacks, it is certainly an acceptable risk when compared to the bias that can result when researchers attempt to look more closely at particulars and judge them without having an overall framework of understanding."
Abstract This paper defines teaching with the help of several education theories. It explains how teaching includes professional ethics, responsibility towards the clients, constant on-the-job learning, adjustment to changes, and more. This paper presents a variety of educational philosophies and central theoretical and applicational approaches to teaching and professionalism and explains some of the subjects and their fundamental concepts.
Table of Contents
Rationale
Introduction
Chapter One - Education in a Dynamic, Stormy and Changing
World
Chapter Two - The Professional World of the Teacher
Chapter Three -The Professional Development of Teachers
Chapter Four - The Role of Professional Ethics in the
Professionalisation Process
Chapter Five - Teachers? Training
Chapter Six - Teaching as a Profession ? Where To?
Bibliography
Appendices
From the Paper "Education is an ancient profession as are the reflections regarding the characterization of the "good teacher", and what should the mutual relations between the teacher, the students, and the system be. During the last century the curriculum, the teacher's training, his relations with his students and with the principal, have been criticized by several sources. The dissatisfaction was expressed, among others, by the appointment of expert committees in different places around the world to examine the educational system and to suggest modifications and innovations that would remedy the situation. All of the committees contended with the question of the professional status of the teaching profession and the clarification of the central characteristics of education. This module will focus on these issues. The module is an attempt to guide your understanding regarding education as a profession beginning with what is education, what is the nature of "excellent instruction", what are the characteristics of the "excellent teacher", and what is his perception of his professional identity."
Abstract For decades, various psychiatrists and researchers have worked toward developing an effective list of traits that can be associated with a psychopath. This paper uses sources, such as Hervey Cleckley's 1941 book, "The Mask of Insanity" and Robert Hare's more modern "Without Conscience", to illustrate the difficulty in defining the specific cluster of behaviors and personality traits typical of psychopathy.
From the Paper "In addition, unlike other individuals who react more to emotional words than neutral ones, these people react the same to both. When conducting brain scans through MRIs, it is seen that parts of their mind that are expected to react do not and those that are not expected to, do. In other words, emotional words do not have the same reaction for psychopaths that they do for normal people. This cannot be considered brain damage, adds Hare, rather a different way to process information."
Abstract This paper examines "The Opportunity to Define an Era" by foreign policy planner Richard Haass. It includes proposals for integrated agreements among major powers, led by the United States, with analysis of current problems.
From the Paper " Richard Haass the former director of Policy Planning in the U S State Department and now president of the Council on Foreign Relations proposes a realistic yet optimistic foreign policy to turn the dangers of .."
Abstract This paper claims that defining American culture is very difficult as America is a vast nation that encompasses a wide diversity of geographic, climatic and sub-cultural regions. Despite these difficulties, the paper describes some characteristics of American culture that are present throughout the nation and which are generally representative of the nation as a whole.
From the Paper "Defining American culture is no easy task. After all, the United States of America is a vast nation that encompasses a wide diversity of geographic, climatic, and sub-cultural regions. The heavy incidence of immigrants in the United States not to mention a relatively short history also contribute to difficulty that some individuals have in pinpointing what qualifies as American culture. Worse, we must remember that culture as a term includes all the "characteristic activities and interests of a people" (Spengler par. 2). This means that defining American culture could be a massively broad affair that consists of little more of a description of pop culture items. Despite these difficulties, it is nonetheless possible to describe some characteristics of American culture that are present throughout the nation and which are generally representative of the nation as a whole. There are a number of characteristics that we can superficially ..."
This paper examines the correlation between risk management and project management as well as the ultimate aim, which is to ensure that the project achieves its defined goal.
Abstract This paper defines project management as a set of activities which has a defined start point and a defined end state and pursues a defined goal. Risk management is a process that involves measuring risk, assessing risk and finding ways to manage identified risk. The writer of this paper explains why the main challenge of project management is to ensure that the project achieves its defined goal. This paper discusses the various methods and strategies for identifying and managing risks as it relates to business. One method starts with the simple process of considering a project and listing everything that could be a barrier to its completion. Another method of identifying potential risk is to consider all the steps necessary to successful completion of a particular project and then determine what can prevent each step from proceeding. The writer contends and details why effective risk management is a crucial part of project management.
From the Paper "The next consideration is how risks can be identified. This can start with a simple process of considering a project and listing everything that could be a barrier to its completion. This can be a starting point, but may not ultimately be useful. After all, there are an unlimited number of things that can theoretically prevent a project from proceeding effectively. It is not feasible to suggest that every possible problem can be prepared for. Another way to manage risk is to consider all the steps necessary to successful completion of a project and then determine what can prevent each step from proceeding. In a complex project, this can also mean determining the steps of a project that are the most critical to a successful outcome. This focus on the key success steps associated with a project is an effective way to concentrate on the most critical problems, rather than focus on every possible potential problem. In addition, while some would say that it is better to prepare for the worst and think of every possible problem, this in itself can be a waste of resources and can reduce the amount of focus on the most important potential problems."
Defines the concept of heroism in literature and shows that the character, Othello, from William Shakespeare's play, "Othello" is a classic tragic hero.
1,650 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 3 sources, 2002, $ 62.95
Abstract Heroism, victory and leadership are, indeed, unique but not unrelated literary concepts. They have been long defined originally within the ancient Greek and Roman works of mythology and epic. Ultimately, that which defines heroism in the literary context is a journey that takes the hero away from society, transforms him while on the journey and a triumphant return to impart new knowledge upon the community. Victory is clearly defined as an achieved domination of one party by the other - but true victory is much harder to define and more commonly achieved by isolating a set of parameters necessary to be met before victory can be achieved - often that victory comes at a cost to all parties because it is never really clean. Othello, this paper concludes is indeed a classic tragic hero.
Abstract A look at how "Exodus" records the critical elements of Israelite political and religious tradition and clearly defines the Israelite's obligation to God, defines God, and defines Israel as a nation.
From the Paper "Exodus records the seminal experiences of the Israelite tradition. Although Genesis commences the literal Biblical history narrative, the Genesis events merely anticipate the critical and purposive events of Exodus. Indeed, the Yahwist author stylistically anticipates Exodus by using the personal name of God, as revealed to Moses through the burning bush, before God's name is revealed in the narrative. Similarly, Genesis? thematic focus on sin, forgiveness, and blessing anticipates God's final covenant, the Mosaic covenant. Whereas some Biblical traditions, such as the flood story and the monarchy, are at least corroborated or paralleled by other texts, the Bible remains virtually the sole source for investigating the Exodus events. Consequently, many consider the Exodus, magical and fantastical elements aside, to be of dubious historical validity. However, concluding that central elements of the Exodus, are not, in fact, historic, would significantly assault the integrity of the Israelite tradition, because Exodus records the critical elements of Israelite political and religious tradition. Exodus clearly defines the Israelite's obligation to God, defines God, and defines Israel as a nation."
Tags: bible, commandments, exodus, history, israel, moses, pharaoh, ten
Abstract To define "minority" is not as simple as just saying "African", "Latino", or "Asian" because, in the grand spectrum of the world, these peoples far outnumber what is traditionally thought of as the majority, the Caucasians. So, because the process of defining a people as a minority within the American context is rather subjective and limited only to the factors that govern our particular society, we must turn to a slightly more accurate description of a minority. Minorities in America, the true minorities that are not subjective, but objective, are those people and groups that represent something separate from society, either above or below, or parallel, but separate. There are economic minorities, racial minorities, ethnic, religious, gender, age, educational, and intellectual minorities. All of these have an identity within America. For the purposes of this paper, it is intended to examine the concept of "minority" as being truly defined by those who are able to use their minority status to establish a position of influence and of good. Perhaps, in the most important ways, being able to positively influence those around you is the greatest achievement that a person can realize. These people are, indeed, few; they are a minority. Autobiographies present a personal view of a life that often lacks the kind of unflinching insight that a biography brings, but the strength of the autobiography is that it presents a person's individual view of his or her life, presenting stories and details that most others could not know. Both Frederick Douglass and Benjamin Franklin offer autobiographies that provide insight into the very heart and soul of the men. It is the purpose of this paper to examine the works of both men as autobiographies and as writers so as to demonstrate the power of the minority and the strength of the individual, the ultimate minority.
Abstract Individuals define society. History recognizes the importance of individual members of society who stand out for good or bad reasons. Where would society be without individuals such as Abraham Lincoln or John Wilkes Booth? The paper explains that the first individual receives praise for saving a nation and ending slavery, the other became famous for the assassination of the first. No one would know who John Wilkes Booth was if it had not been for Lincoln's uniqueness in society. The individuals, the heroes, the villains, the loners, and the outcasts help define those societies that produce them. The paper shows that "Rip Van Winkle" by Washington Irving and "The Birthmark" by Nathaniel Hawthorne are two stories about individuals that defined a society by their difference. "Rip Van Winkle" provides a story that relates to the American Revolution and the freedom from tyranny. "The Birthmark" explores the issue of how much humans can change nature and what the consequences of such attempts are.
From the Paper "The story of Rip Van Winkle represents the changes of American society during the Revolutionary War. There is sense of the old tyrannical government of Britain present in Dame Van Winkle. The death of Dame Van Winkle is symbolic of the end of the Revolutionary War. Rip, like America, escaped from the oppressive rule of another."
Abstract This paper examines the differing options that have been presented for defining and measuring poverty and assesses the relative flaws of each method. The paper begins by defining poverty and then discusses the reasons why there exist serious problems with attempting to define it. The paper then describes the inherent pitfalls that are evident in each method of measuring poverty. The paper also presents the writer's personal opinions on the above issues.
From the Paper "In conclusion, it is clear that there exist significant difficulties when we attempt to both define and measure poverty. As we have seen it is very often personal opinion that either guides where we place the poverty line or what factors we use to measure poverty accurately. Using systems based on income is the common method and it is employed in many areas of the world, in particular the United States. However, Townsend was correct to highlight how income alone is not encompassing enough and it is important that we consider other factors that are integral in making and sustaining a good life. Access to quality social care is one of the most vital parts of these other factors."
Abstract The paper shows how self-identity is a complex sociological term to define and presents the idea that self and identity are two different concepts one must first consider separately before one can truly define what self-identity is and how it affects a person. The paper looks at factors including one's environment, experiences during infancy and attitudes and behaviors to illustrate that self-identity is something one forms later in life as he becomes more familiar with his self. The paper concludes that further research is necessary to better define these concepts and discover how people manage their self and social identities.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Analysis of Self and Identity
Conclusions
From the Paper "Many factors including ones environment, experiences during infancy, and attitudes and behaviors are explored to support the notion that self identity is something one forms later in life as they become more familiar with their self. The self then searches for an identity among other people that share similar interests, beliefs and customs, and also segregates its identity from objects, occasions or situations that may not support the growth of the self or expansion of the identity in a given context."
